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Oligodendroglial heterogeneity in health,disease,and recovery:deeper insights into myelin dynamics

Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第11期20卷 3179-3192页

作者： Pieter-Jan Serneels Julie D.De Schutter Lies De Groef Lieve Moons Steven Bergmans KU Leuven Leuven Brain InstituteDepartment of BiologyAnimal Physiology and Neurobiology DivisionNeural Circuit Development&Regeneration Research GroupLeuvenBelgium KU Leuven Leuven Brain InstituteDepartment of BiologyAnimal Physiology and Neurobiology DivisionCellular Communication&Neurodegeneration Research GroupLeuvenBelgium

Decades of research asserted that the oligodendroglial lineage comprises two cell types:oligodendrocyte precursor cells and ***,recent studies employing single-cell RNA sequencing techniques have uncovered novel cell states,prompting a revision of the existing *** forward,the oligodendroglial lineage should be delineated into five distinct cell states:oligodendrocyte precursor cells,committed oligodendrocyte precursor cells,newly formed oligodendrocytes,myelin-forming oligodendrocytes,and mature *** new classification system enables a deeper understanding of the oligodendroglia in both physiological and pathological *** this uniform terminology will facilitate comparison and integration of data across ***,including the consolidation of findings from various demyelinating models,is essential to better understand the pathogenesis of demyelinating ***,comparing injury models across species with varying regenerative capacities can provide insights that may lead to new therapeutic strategies to overcome remyelination ***,by standardizing terminology and synthesizing data from diverse studies across different animal models,we can enhance our understanding of myelin pathology in central nervous system disorders such as multiple sclerosis,Alzheimer's disease,and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis,all of which involve oligodendroglial and myelin dysfunction.

关键词： animal models demyelination fish mammals multiple sclerosis myelin neurodegeneration oligodendrocytes oligodendroglial lineage remyelination

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Altered microRNA composition in the uterine lumen fluid in cattle(Bos taurus)pregnancies initiated by artificial insemination or transfer of an in vitro produced embryo

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2025年第1期16卷 76-91页

作者： Fernando H.Biase Sarah E.Moorey Julie G.Schnuelle Soren Rodning Martha Sofia Ortega Thomas E.Spencer School of Animal Sciences Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University175 W Campus DrBlacksburgVA 24061USA Department of Animal Science University of TennesseeKnoxvilleTN 37996USA Department of Clinical Sciences Auburn UniversityAuburnAL 36849USA Department of Animal Science Auburn UniversityAuburnAL 36849USA Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences University of Wisconsin MadisonMadisonWI 53706USA division of Animal Sciences University of MissouriColumbiaMO 65211USA

Background MicroRNAs(miRNAs)are presented in the uterine lumen of many mammals,and in vitro experiments have determined that several miRNAs are important for the regulation of endometrial and trophoblast *** aim was to identify and contrast the miRNAs present in extracellular vesicles(EVs)in the uterine lumen fluid(ULF)at the onset of attachment in cattle pregnancies(gestation d 18)initiated by artificial insemination(AI)or by the trans-fer of an in vitro-produced blastocyst(IVP-ET).A third group had no conceptus after the transfer of an IVP *** The abundance of 263 annotated miRNAs was quantified in the EVs collected from *** was an increase in the transcript abundance of 20 miRNAs in the ULF EVs from the AI pregnant group,while 4 miRNAs had a lower abundance relative to the group not containing a ***,4 miRNAs were more abun-dant in ULF EVs in the AI pregnant group relative to IVP-ET group(bta-mir-17,bta-mir-7-3,MIR7-1,MIR18A).Specific miRNAs in the ULF EVs were co-expressed with messenger RNAs expressed in extra-embryonic tissues and endome-trium,including genes that are known to be their *** The results provide biological insights into the participation of miRNAs in the regulation of trophoblast proliferation and differentiation,as well as in endometrium *** knowledge that in vitro cultured embryos can contribute to the altered abundance of specific miRNAs in the uterine lumen can lead to the development of cor-rective approaches to reduce conceptus losses during the first month of pregnancy in cattle.

关键词： Artificial reproductive technology Cattle Conceptus Embryos Endometrium Small RNA

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Species delimitation based on diagnosis and monophyly, and its importance for advancing mammalian taxonomy

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Zoological Research 2018年第5期39卷 301-308页

作者： Eliécer E.Gutiérrez Guilherme S.T.Garbino Pós-Graduacao em Biodiversidade Animal Departamento de Ecologia e Evolucao Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas Universidade Federal de Santa Maria Santa Maria RS 97105-900 Brazil division of mammals National Museum of Natural History Smithsonian Institution Washington DC 20013-7012 USA Pós-graduacao Departamento de Zoologia Instituto de Ciências Biológicas Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Belo Horizonte Minas Gerais 31270-901 Brazil

A recently proposed taxonomic classification of extant ungulates sparked a series of publications that criticize the Phylogenetic Species Concept （PSC） claiming it to be a particularly poor species *** opinions reiteratively stated that （1） the two fundamental elements of the ＂PSC＂,i.e.,monophyly and diagnosability,do not offer objective criteria as to where the line between species should be drawn;and （2） that extirpation of populations can lead to artificial diagnosability and spurious recognitions of *** sudden eruption of criticism against the PSC is *** attributed to the PSC are common to most approaches and concepts that modern systematists employ to establish species *** controversial taxonomic propositions that sparked criticism against the PSC are indeed highly problematic,not because of the species concept upon which they are based,but because no evidence （whatsoever） has become public to support a substantial portion of the proposed *** herein discuss these topics using examples from *** areas of biological research rest upon taxonomic accuracy （including conservation biology and biomedical research）;hence,it is necessary to clarify what are （and what are not）the real sources of taxonomic inaccuracy.

关键词： Alpha taxonomy Phylogenetic SpeciesConcept Species concepts Taxonomic inertia Taxonomic inflation

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Acute Toxicity of Methyl Isocyanate in mammals. IV Biochemical and Hematological Changes in Rabbits

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 1991年第4期4卷 384-391页

作者： K.JEEVARATNAM R.BHATTACHARYA K.SUGENDRAN C.S.VAIDYANATHAN division of Pharmacology & Toxicology Defence R & D Establishment Gwalior IndiaDivision of Pharmacology & Toxicology Defence R & D Establishment Gwalior IndiaDivision of Pharmacology & Toxicology Defence R & D Establishment Gwalior IndiaDepartment of Biochemistry Indian Institute of Science Bangalore India

Subcutaneous administration of methyl isocyanate (MIC) in 0.5 LDso and 1.0 LD50 to female rabbits resulted in significant increases of hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit and leukocyte count in blood, as well as plasma total proteins, urea and cholesterol. A significant decrease in plasma albumin level was only observed in the 1.0 LD50 group. Urine of MIC intoxicated animals showed presence of protein, bilirubin, elevated urea and urobilinogen, while urine volume was reduced. The hematological and biochemical changes induced by MIC are perhaps the result of fluid loss from the vascular compartment as evidenced by the histopathological observations. This study further substantiates the view that acute toxicity of MIC is mediated in vivo by its effects on vascular beds.

关键词： Acute Toxicity of Methyl Isocyanate in mammals Biochemical and Hematological Changes in Rabbits

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Molecular characterization and expression patterns of Nanog gene validating its involvement in the embryonic development and maintenance of spermatogonial stem cells of farmed carp,Labeo rohita

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2018年第4期9卷 824-840页

作者： Swagat K.Patra Chakrpani Vemulawada Meenati M.Soren Jitendra K.Sundaray Manoj K.PANDa Hirak K.Barman Fish Genetics and Biotechnology division ICAR-Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture Center of Biotechnology Siksha 'O' Anusandhan University

Background: The homeobox containing transcription factor Nanog plays crucial roles in embryonic development/proliferation and/or maintenance of spermatogonial stem cells(SSCs) via interacting with transcription factors such as Oct4 and Sox2 in mammals. However, knowledge of its exact mechanistic pathways remains unexploited. Very little is known about teleost Nanog. Information on the Nanog gene of farmed rohu carp(Labeo rohita) is lacking. We cloned and characterized the Nanog gene of rohu carp to understand the expression pattern in early developmental stages and also deduced the genomic organization including promoter ***: Rohu Nanog(LrNanog) cDNA comprised an open reading frame of 1,161 nucleotides bearing a structural homeodomain; whereas, the genomic structure contained four exons and three introns suggesting that it is homologous to mammalian counterparts. Phylogenetical y, it was closely related to freshwater counterparts. Protein sequence(386 AA of42.65 kDa) comparison revealed its low similarity with other vertebrate counterparts except that of the conserved homeodomain. Tissue distribution analysis revealed the existence of LrNanog transcripts only in adult gonads. The heightened abundances in the ovary and proliferating spermatogonia suggested its participations in maternal inheritance and male germ cell development. The potentiating abundances from fertilized egg onwards peaking at blastula stage vis-à-vis decreasing levels from gastrula stage onwards demonstrated its role in embryonic stem cell development. We also provided evidence of its presence in SSCs by western blotting analysis. Further, the promoter region was characterized, predicting a basal core promoter and other consensus ***: The molecular characterization of LrNanog and its documented expression profiling at transcript and protein levels are indicative of its functional linkage with embryonic/spermatogonial stem cell maintenance. This is the first report of L

关键词： Embryonic stages Gene expression Nanog Promoter analysis Rohu(Labeo rohita) Spermatogonial cell

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Mitogenome and phylogenetic analyses support rapid diversification among species groups of small-eared shrews genus Cryptotis(Mammalia:Eulipotyphla:Soricidae)

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Zoological Research 2021年第6期42卷 739-745页

作者： Kai He Xing Chen Yin-Bin Qiu Zhu Liu Wen-Zhi Wang Neal Woodman Jesus E.Maldonado Xinghua Pan Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology School of Basic Medical Sciencesand Guangdong Provincial Key aboratory of Single Cell Technology and ApplicationSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong 510515China Wildlife Forensic Science Service KunmingYunnan 650223China School of Zoology Faculty of Life sciencesTel Aviv UniversityTel Aviv 6997801 Israel College of Life Science and Technology Mudanjiang Normal UniversityMudanjiangHeilongjiang 157012China Guizhou Academy of Testing and Analysis GuiyangGuizhou 550002China U.S.Geological Survey Eastern Ecological Science CenterLaurelMD 20708USA division of mammals Department of Vertebrate ZoologyNational Museum of Natural HistorySmithsonian InstitutionWashingtonDC 20560USA Center for Conservation Genomics Smithsonian Conservation Biology InstituteWashingtonDC 20008USA

The small-eared shrew genus Cryptotis is the third largest in the family Soricidae and occurs in North,Central,and northern South *** Mexico and Central and South America,most species inhabit geographically isolated moist,montane habitats at middle and high elevations in a typical sky-island *** 49 recognized species have been partitioned into as many as six species groups based on morphological and molecular phylogenetic *** relationships among these species groups are poorly resolved,and their evolutionary histories,including migration patterns and locomotor adaptations,remain ***,we provide a new phylogeny incorporating complete mitochondrial genomes(mitogenomes)and supermatrix *** compared different evolutionary scenarios using approximately unbiased(AU),Kishino-Hasegawa(KH),and Shimodaira-Hasegawa(SH)statistical *** phylogenetic hypothesis based on mitogenomes revealed novel relationships supporting a basal position for the Cryptotis parvusgroup in the genus,and a close relationship between *** and one clade of the *** former relationship is consistent with the least derived humerus morphology and northern distribution of the *** latter relationship i mplies multiple migrations between Central and South *** lack of fine resolution for the species group relationships may be due partly to the lack of taxon *** contrast,multi-approach analyses suggest that the unresolved relationships may be a result of rapid diversification during the early stages of Cryptotis evolution.

关键词： Cryptotis Capture hybridization Hard polytomy Mitochondrial genome Rapid diversification Soricidae

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Cellular arsenic transport pathways in mammals

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2016年第11期28卷 38-58页

作者： Barbara A.Roggenbeck Mayukh Banerjee Elaine M.Leslie Department of Physiology and Membrane Protein Disease Research Group University of Alberta division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology University of Alberta

Natural contamination of drinking water with arsenic results in the exposure of millions of people world-wide to unacceptable levels of this metalloid. This is a serious global health problem because arsenic is a Group 1（proven） human carcinogen and chronic exposure is known to cause skin, lung, and bladder tumors. Furthermore, arsenic exposure can result in a myriad of other adverse health effects including diseases of the cardiovascular,respiratory, neurological, reproductive, and endocrine systems. In addition to chronic environmental exposure to arsenic, arsenic trioxide is approved for the clinical treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia, and is in clinical trials for other hematological malignancies as well as solid tumors. Considerable inter-individual variability in susceptibility to arsenic-induced disease and toxicity exists, and the reasons for such differences are incompletely understood. Transport pathways that influence the cellular uptake and export of arsenic contribute to regulating its cellular, tissue, and ultimately body levels. In the current review, membrane proteins（including phosphate transporters, aquaglyceroporin channels, solute carrier proteins, and ATP-binding cassette transporters） shown experimentally to contribute to the passage of inorganic, methylated, and/or glutathionylated arsenic species across cellular membranes are discussed. Furthermore, what is known about arsenic transporters in organs involved in absorption, distribution, and metabolism and how transport pathways contribute to arsenic elimination are described.

关键词： Arsenic Glutathione Cellular uptake Cellular efflux Transport

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Gamma-glutamyl transferases： A structural, mechanistic and physiological perspective

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Frontiers in Biology 2014年第1期9卷 51-65页

作者： Sharath BALAKRISHNA Asmita A. PRABHUNE division of Biochemical Sciences National Chemical Laboratory Dr. Homi Bhabha Road Pune 411008 Maharashtra India

Gamma glutamyl transferases （GGT） are highly conserved enzymes that occur from bacteria to humans. They remove terminal y-glutamyl residue from peptides and amides. GGTs play an important role in the homeostasis of glutathione （a major cellular antioxidant） and in the detoxification of xenobiotics in mammals. They are implicated in diseases like diabetes, inflammation, neurodegenerative diseases and cardiovascular diseases. The physiological role of GGTs in bacteria is still unclear. Nothing is known about the basis for the strong conservation of the enzyme across the living system. The review focuses on the enzyme＇s physiology, chemistry and structural properties of the enzyme with emphasis on the evolutionary relationships. The available data indicate that the members of the GGT family share common structural features but are functionally heterogenous.

关键词： Gamma glutamyl transferase Ntn hydrolase structure catalysis function

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METTL9-catalyzed histidine methylation of S100A9 suppresses the anti-Staphylococcus aureus activity of neutrophils

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Protein & Cell 2024年第3期15卷 223-229页

作者： Dan Cao Mengyue Lv Chi Hu Shukai Li Siwen Wang Chao Xu Wen Pan Department of Digestive Disease The First Affiliated Hospital of USTCDivision of Life Sciences and MedicineUniversity of Science and Technologyof ChinaHefei230001China division of Life Sciences and Medicine The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic DiseaseSchool of Basic Medical SciencesInstitute of ImmunologyUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230027China division of Life Sciences and Medicine MOE Key Laboratory for Cellular DynamicsHefei National Center for Cross-Disciplinary SciencesUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230027China

Dear Editor,Protein histidine methylation has been found to be a widespread post-translational modification(PTM)in mammalian cells and represents more than 13%of all protein methylation events in the human methylome(Ning et al.,2016;Kapell and Jakobsson,2021).Recently,we and other groups independently identified METTL9 as the first broad-specificity histidine N1 methyltransferase in mammals(Davydova et al.,2021;Lv et al.,2021).METTL9 methylates a variety of substrates with a common x-His-x-His motif(His is for histidine;the second x is preferably small amino acids:A/C/G/S)and catalyzes methyl transfer to the last histidine.

关键词： S100A9 specificity

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Involvement of insulin receptor substrates in cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2019年第8期14卷 1330-1334页

作者： Daisuke Tanokashira Wataru Fukuokaya Akiko Taguchi Department of Integrative Aging Neuroscience National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology Obu Aichi Japan division of Neurology Endocrinology and Metabolism Faculty of Medicine University of Miyazaki Miyazaki Japan

Type 2 diabetes一associated with impaired insulin/insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF1) signaling (IIS)一is a risk factor for cognitive impairment and dementia including Alzheimer's disease (AD). The insulin receptor substrate (IRS) proteins are major components of IIS, which transmit upstream signals via the insulin receptor and/or IGF1 receptor to multiple intracellular signaling pathways, including AKT/protein kinase B and extracellular-signal-regulated kinase cascades. Of the four IRS proteins in mammals, IRS1 and IRS2 play key roles in regulating growth and survival, metabolism, and aging. Meanwhile, the roles of IRS1 and IRS2 in the central nervous system with respect to cognitive abilities remain to be clarified. In contrast to IRS2 in peripheral tissues, inactivation of neural IRS2 exerts beneficial effects, resulting in the reduction of amyloid p accumulation and premature mortality in AD mouse models. On the other hand, the increased phosphorylation of IRS 1 at several serine sites is observed in the brains from patients with AD and animal models of AD or cognitive impairment induced by type 2 diabetes. However, these serine sites are also activated in a mouse model of type 2 diabetes, in which the diabetes drug metformin improves memory impairment. Because IRS1 and IRS2 signaling pathways are regulated through complex mechanisms including positive and negative feedback loops, whether the elevated phosphorylation of IRS1 at specific serine sites found in AD brains is a primary response to cognitive dysfunction remains unknown. Here, we examine the associations between IRS 1 /1 RS2-mediated signaling in the central nervous system and cognitive decline.

关键词： type 2 diabetes insulin/insulin^like growth factor-1 insulin receptor substrate Alzheimer's disease aging serine phosphorylation metformin neuroprotective effects high-fat-diet

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