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Can We Capitalize on Central Nervous System Plasticity in Young Athletes to Inoculate Against Injury?

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Journal of Science in Sport and Exercise 2020年第4期2卷 305-318页

作者： Jed A.Diekfuss Jennifer A.Hogg Dustin R.Grooms Alexis B.Slutsky-Ganesh Harjiv Singh Scott Bonnette Manish Anand Gary B.Wilkerson Gregory D.Myer The SPORT Center Division of Sports MedicineCincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center3333 Burnet AvenueMLC 10001CincinnatiOH 45229USA Department of health and Human Performance The University of Tennessee ChattanoogaChattanoogaTNUSA Ohio Musculoskeletal and Neurological Institute Ohio UniversityAthensOHUSA division of Athletic Training School of Applied Health Sciences and WellnessCollege of Health Sciences and ProfessionsOhio UniversityAthensOHUSA division of Physical Therapy School of Rehabilitation and Communication SciencesCollege of Health Sciences and ProfessionsOhio UniversityAthensOHUSA Department of kinesiology The University of North Carolina GreensboroGreensboroNCUSA Department of kinesiology and Nutrition Sciences University of NevadaLas VegasLas VegasNVUSA Departments of Pediatrics and Orthopaedic Surgery University of CincinnatiCincinnatiOHUSA The Micheli Center for Sports Injury Prevention WalthamMAUSA

There are numerous physical,social,and psychological benefits of exercise,sport and play for youth ***,dynamic activities come with a risk of injury that has yet to be abated,warranting novel therapeutics to promote injury-resistance and to keep an active lifestyle throughout the *** purpose of the present manuscript was to summarize the extant literature and potential connecting framework regarding youth brain development and neuroplasticity associated with musculoskeletal *** review provides the foundation for our proposed framework that utilizes the OPTIMAL(Optimizing Performance Through Intrinsic Motivation and Attention for Learning)theory of motor learning to elicit desir-able biomechanical adaptations to support injury prevention(injury risk reduction),rehabilitation strategies,and exercise performance for youth physical activity and play across all facets of sport(Prevention Rehabilitation Exercise Play;PREP).We conclude that both young male and females are ripe for OPTIMAL PREP strategies that promote desirable movement mechanics by leveraging a unique time window for which their heightened state of central nervous system plasticity is capable of enhanced adaptation through novel therapeutic interventions.

关键词： Musculoskeletal Motor learning Neuroplasticity Development

Targeted Application of Motor Learning Theory to Leverage Youth Neuroplasticity for Enhanced Injury-Resistance and Exercise Performance: OPTIMAL PREP

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Journal of Science in Sport and Exercise 2021年第1期3卷 17-36页

作者： Jed A.Diekfuss Dustin R.Grooms Jennifer A.Hogg Harjiv Singh Alexis B.Slutsky-Ganesh Scott Bonnette Christopher Riehm Manish Anand Katharine S.Nissen Gary B.Wilkerson Gregory D.Myer The SPORT Center Division of Sports MedicineCincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center3333 Burnet AvenueMLC 10001CincinnatiOH 45229USA Ohio Musculoskeletal and Neurological Institute Ohio UniversityAthensOHUSA division of Athletic Training School of Applied Health Sciences and WellnessCollege of Health Sciences and ProfessionsOhio UniversityAthensOHUSA division of Physical Therapy School of Rehabilitation and Communication SciencesCollege of Health Sciences and ProfessionsOhio UniversityAthensOHUSA Deparatment of health and Human Performance The University of Tennessee ChattanoogaChattanoogaTNUSA Department of kinesiology and Nutrition Sciences University of NevadaLas VegasNVUSA Department of kinesiology The University of North Carolina at GreensboroGreensboroNCUSA Departments of Pediatrics and Orthopaedic Surgery University of CincinnatiCincinnatiOHUSA The Micheli Center for Sports Injury Prevention WalthamMAUSA

Youth athletes are ideal candidates for novel therapeutic motor learning interventions that leverage the plasticity of the central nervous system to promote desirable biomechanical *** summarize the empirical data supporting the three pillars of the Optimizing Performance Through Intrinsic Motivation and Attention for Learning(OPTIMAL)theory of motor learning and expand on potential neurophysiologic mechanisms that will support enhanced movement mechan-ics in youth to optimize prevention programs for reduced injury risk,injury rehabilitation,exercise performance,and play(Prevention Rehabilitation Exercise Play;PREP).Specifically,we highlight the role of motivational factors to promote the release of dopamine that could accelerate motor performance and learning ***,we detail the potential for an external focus of attention to shift attentional allocation and increase brain activity in regions important for sensorimotor integration to facilitate primary motor cortex *** manuscript serves to provide the most current data in support of the application of OPTIMAL PREP training strategies of the future.

关键词： Dopamine Musculoskeletal Exercise performance Motor behavior

Practical Training Strategies to Apply Neuro-Mechanistic Motor Learning Principles to Facilitate Adaptations Towards Injury-Resistant Movement in Youth

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Journal of Science in Sport and Exercise 2021年第1期3卷 3-16页

作者： Jed A.Diekfuss Scott Bonnette Jennifer A.Hogg Christopher Riehm Dustin R.Grooms Harjiv Singh Manish Anand Alexis B.Slutsky-Ganesh Gary B.Wilkerson Gregory D.Myer The SPORT Center Division of Sports MedicineCincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center3333 Burnet AvenueMLC 10001CincinnatiOH 45229USA Department of health and Human Performance The University of Tennessee ChattanoogaChattanoogaTNUSA Ohio Musculoskeletal and Neurological Institute Ohio UniversityAthensOHUSA division of Athletic Training School of Applied Health Sciences and WellnessCollege of Health Sciences and ProfessionsOhio UniversityAthensOHUSA division of Physical Therapy School of Rehabilitation and Communication SciencesCollege of Health Sciences and ProfessionsOhio UniversityAthensOHUSA Department of kinesiology and Nutrition Sciences University of NevadaLas VegasNVUSA Department of kinesiology The University of North Carolina at GreensboroGreensboroNCUSA Departments of Pediatrics and Orthopaedic Surgery University of CincinnatiCincinnatiOHUSA The Micheli Center for Sports Injury Prevention WalthamMAUSA

Youth may be particularly responsive to motor learning training strategies that support injury-resistant movement mechanics in youth for prevention programs that reduce injury risk,injury rehabilitation,exercise performance,and play more gener-ally(Optimizing Performance Through Intrinsic Motivation and Attention for Learning Prevention Rehabilitation Exercise Play;OPTIMAL PREP)One purpose of the present manuscript was to provide clinical applications and tangible examples of how to implement the proposed techniques derived from OPTIMAL theory into PREP strategies for youth.A secondary purpose was to review recent advances in technology that support the clinical application of OPTIMAL PREP strategies without extensive resources/programming knowledge to promote evidence-driven tools that will support practitioner feedback *** majority of examples provided are within the context of anterior cruciate ligament(ACL)injury rehabilitation,but we emphasize the potential for OPTIMAL PREP strategies to be applied to a range of populations and training scenarios that will promote injury resistance and keep youth active and healthy.

关键词： Rehabilitation Prevention Exercise performance Technology

Impacts of exercise intervention on various diseases in rats

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Journal of Sport and health Science 2020年第3期9卷 211-227页

作者： Ruwen Wang Haili Tian Dandan Guo Qianqian Tian Ting Yao Xingxing Kong School of kinesiology Shanghai University of SportShanghai 200438China division of Pediatric Endocrinology Department of PediatricsUCLA Children's Discovery and Innovation InstituteDavid Geffen School of Medicine at UCLALos AngelesCA 90095USA

Background:Exercise is considered as an important intervention for treatment and prevention of several diseases,such as osteoarthritis,obesity,hypertension,and Alzheimer's *** review summarizes decadal exercise intervention studies with various rat models across 6 major systems to provide a better understanding of the mechanisms behind the effects that exercise ***:PubMed was utilized as the data *** collect research articles,we used the following terms to create the search:(exercise[Title]OR physical activity[Title]OR training[Title])AND(rats[Title/Abstract]OR rat[Title/Abstract]OR rattus[Title/Abstract]).To best cover targeted studies,publication dates were limited to"within 11 years."The exercise intervention methods used for different diseases were sorted according to the mode,frequency,and intensity of ***:The collected articles were categorized into studies related to 6 systems or disease types:motor system(17 articles),metabolic system(110 articles),cardiocerebral vascular system(171 articles),nervous system(71 articles),urinary system(2 articles),and cancer(21 articles).Our review found that,for different diseases,exercise intervention mostly had a positive ***,the most powerful effect was achieved by using a specific mode of exercise that addressed the characteristics of the ***:As a model animal,rats not only provide a convenient resource for studying human diseases but also provide the possibility for exploring the molecular mechanisms of exercise intervention on *** review also aims to provide exercise intervention frameworks and optimal exercise dose recommendations for further human exercise intervention research.

关键词： Cancer Disease Exercise intervention Method Rats System

Can physical activity eliminate the mortality risk associated with poor sleep?A 15-year follow-up of 341,248 MJ Cohort participants

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Journal of Sport and health Science 2022年第5期11卷 596-604页

作者： Li-Jung Chen Mark Hamer Yun-Ju Lai Bo-Huei Huang Po-Wen Ku Emmanuel Stamatakis Department of Exercise health Science (National)Taiwan University of SportTaichung 40404China Institute of Sport Exercise and health Division of Surgery and Interventional ScienceFaculty of Medical SciencesUniversity College LondonLondonWC1E 6BTUK division of Endocrinology and Metabolism Department of Internal MedicinePuli Branch of Taichung Veterans General HospitalNantou 54552China School of Medicine (National)Yang-Ming UniversityTaipei 11221China Charles Perkins Centre School of Health SciencesFaculty of Medicine and HealthUniversity of SydneySydneyNSW 2006Australia Graduate Institute of Sports and health (National)Changhua University of EducationChanghua 50007China Department of kinesiology (National)Tsing Hua UniversityHsinchu 30013China

Background:This study examined the joint associations of sleep patterns and physical activity(PA) with all-cause,cardiovascular disease(CVD),and cancer ***:A total of 341,248 adults(mean age=39.7 years;men:48.3%) were included in the study,with a 15-year *** reported sleep duration and disturbances(difficulty falling asleep,easily awakened,or use of sleeping medication).PA was classified into 4 levels:30.0 metabolic equivalent hours per week(MET-h/week).To understand the joint associations of sleep patterns and PA with mortality,Cox proportional hazard models were conducted,with exposure variables combining sleep duration/disturbances and ***:Compared with the reference group(sleeping 6-8 h/day),individuals who slept>8 h/day had higher risk for all-cause mortality(hazard ratio(HR)=1.307,95% confidence interval(95%CI):1.248-1.369),CVD mortality(HR=1.298,95%CI:1.165-1.445),and cancer mortality(HR=1.128,95%CI:1.042-1.220).Short sleep duration was not associated with mortality *** risk of all-cause and CVD mortality was found in participants who had difficulty falling asleep(HR=1.120,95%CI:1.068-1.175;HR=1.163,95%CI:1.038-1.304,respectively),and used sleeping medication(HR=1.261,95%CI:1.159-1.372;HR=1.335,95%CI:1.102-1.618,respectively) compared with those who slept *** sleep duration and sleep disturbances were not associated with risk of all-cause and CVD mortality among individuals achieving a PA level of>15 MET-h/week,and in particular among those achieving> 30 MET-h/***:Long sleep duration,difficulty falling asleep,and use of sleeping medication were related to a higher risk of *** physically active at a moderate intensity for 25-65 min/day eliminated these detrimental associations.

关键词： Exercise Heart disease Inactivity Insomnia Sleep disorders

Biomechanical characteristics of an anterior cruciate ligament injury in javelin throwing

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Journal of Sport and health Science 2015年第4期4卷 333-340页

作者： Boyi Dai Min Mao William E. Garrett Bing Yu division of kinesiology and health University of Wyoming Laramie WY 82071 USA division of Physical Therapy University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill NC 27599 USA Duke Sports Medicine Center Duke University Durham NC 27710 USA

Purpose： The purpose of this study was to understand the mechanism of an anterior cruciate ligament （ACL） injury in javelin throwing and javelin throwing techniques relevant to this ACL injury. Methods： The patient in this study was an elite female javelin thrower who completed the first three trials and sustained a non-contact ACL injury on her left knee in the fourth trial of javelin throwing during a recent track and field meet. Three-dimensional kinematic data were collected in the injury and non-injury trials. The kinematic data of 52 male and 54 female elite javelin throwers were obtained from a javelin throwing biomechanical database. Results： The patient had greater forward center of mass velocity and less vertical center of mass velocity after the first 25% of the delivery phase in the injury trial compared to non-injury trials. The patient had less left knee flexion angle and angular velocity but similar left knee valgus and internal rotation angles during the first 21% of the delivery phase in the injury trial compared to non-injury trials. The video images showed an obvious tibia anterior translation at the 30% of the delivery phase in the injury trial. The left knee flexion angle and angular velocity at the time of the left foot landing and the maximal left knee flexion angle during the delivery phase were not significantly correlated to the official distance for 52 male and 54 female elite javelin throwers. Conclusion： The ACL injury in this study occurred during the first 30% of the delivery phase, most likely during the first 25% of the delivery phase. A stiff landing of the left leg with a small knee flexion angle was the primary contributor to this injury. Javelin throwers may have a soft left leg landing with a flexed knee, which may help them prevent ACL injuries without compromising performance.

关键词： ACL injury Biomechanics Injury mechanism Injury prevention Pdsk factors

Characterizing objective and self-report habitual physical activity and sedentary time in outpatients with an acquired brain injury

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Sports Medicine and health Science 2024年第4期6卷 338-343页

作者： Liam P.Pellerine Katerina Miller Ryan J.Frayne Myles W.O'Brien division of kinesiology School of Health and Human PerformanceFaculty of HealthDalhousie UniversityHalifaxNova ScotiaCanada Acquired Brain Injury NeuroCommons Nova Scotia Health AuthorityHalifaxNova ScotiaCanada School of Physiotherapy(Faculty of health)&Department of Medicine(Faculty of Medicine) Dalhousie UniversityHalifaxNova ScotiaCanada Geriatric Medicine Research Dalhousie University&Nova Scotia HealthHalifaxNova ScotiaCanada Centre de Formation Medicale Du Nouveau-Brunswick New Brunswick&Department of MedicineUniversite de SherbrookeSherbrookeQuebecCanada

Outpatients with an acquired brain injury(ABI)experience physical,mental,and social *** can be classified into two subgroups based on mechanism of injury:mild traumatic brain injury(mTBI;e.g.,concussion)and other ABI(e.g.,stroke,brain aneurysm,encephalitis).Our understanding of habitual activity levels within ABI populations is limited because they are often collected using self-report *** purpose of this study was to,1)describe the habitual activity levels of outpatients with ABI using objective and self-report monitoring,and 2)compare the activity levels of outpatients with mTBI *** *** outpatients with other ABI(mean±standard deviation:[58±13]years,9 females)and 12 outpatients with mTBI([48±11]years,9 females)wore a thigh-worn activPAL 24 h/day(h/day)for *** with ABI averaged(6.0±2.3)h/day of upright time,(10.6±2.2)h/day of sedentary time,(5.6±2.7)h/day in prolonged sedentary bouts>1 h,(5960±3037)steps/day,and(11±13)minutes/day(min/day)of moderate-vigorous physical activity(MVPA).There were no differences between activPAL-derived upright,sedentary,prolonged sedentary time,and physical activity between the mTBI and other ABI groups(all,p>0.31).Outpatients with ABI overestimated their MVPA levels(t138 min/week)and underestimated sedentary time(-4.3 h/day)compared to self-report(all,p<0.001).Despite self-reporting high activity levels,outpatients with ABI objectively exhibit highly inactive and sedentary *** habitual movement behaviours of our sample did not differ by mechanism of injury(i.e.,mTBI versus other ABI).Targeting reductions in objectively measured sedentary time are needed to progressively improve the habitual movement behaviours of outpatients with ABI.

关键词： Accelerometry Stroke Brain aneurysm Encephalitis Mild traumatic brain injury Rehabilitation

Managing end-stage carcinoid heart disease:A case report and literature review

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2024年第3期16卷 1076-1083页

作者： Nikola Bulj Vedran Tomasic Maja Cigrovski Berkovic Department of Cardiology University Hospital Centre“Sestre Milosrdnice“Zagreb 10000Croatia division of Gastroenterology Department of Internal MedicineUniversity Hospital Centre“Sestre Milosrdnice”Zagreb 10000Croatia Department for Sport and Exercise Medicine University of Zagreb Faculty of KinesiologyZagreb 10000Croatia

BACKGROUND Gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms(GEP-NENs)are rare tumors,often diagnosed in an advanced stage when curative treatment is impossible and grueling symptoms related to vasoactive substance release by tumor cells affect patients’quality of *** complications of GEP-NENs,primarily tricuspid and pulmonary valve disease,and right-sided heart failure,are the leading cause of death,even compared to metastatic *** SUMMARY We present a case of a 35-year-old patient with progressive dyspnea,back pain,polyneuropathic leg pain,and nocturnal diarrhea lasting for a decade before the diagnosis of neuroendocrine carcinoma of unknown primary with extensive liver *** the initial presentation,serum biomarkers were not evaluated,and the patient received five cycles of doxorubicin,which he did not tolerate well,so he refused further therapy and was lost to *** 10 years,he presented to the emergency room with signs and symptoms of right-sided heart *** markers,serum chromogranin A,and urinary 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid were extremely elevated(900 ng/mL and 2178µmol/L),and transabdominal ultrasound confirmed hepatic *** tomo-graphy(CT)showed liver metastases up to 6 cm in diameter and metastases in mesenteric lymph nodes and ***,an Octreoscan showed lesions in the heart,thoracic spine,duodenum,and ascendent colon.A standard trans-thoracic echocardiogram confirmed findings of carcinoid heart *** patient was not a candidate for valve *** started octreotide acetate treatment,and the dose escalated to 80 mg IM *** biochemical CONCLUSION Carcinoid heart disease occurs with carcinoid syndrome related to advanced neuroendocrine tumors,usually with liver metastases,which manifests as right-sided heart valve dysfunction leading to right-sided heart *** heart disease and tumor burden are major prognostic factors of poor surviva

关键词： Gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms Carcinoid syndrome Carcinoid heart disease Diagnosis Treatment Case report

Impact of gut–brain interaction in emerging neurological disorders

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2023年第1期11卷 1-6页

作者： Muh-Shi Lin Yao-Chin Wang Wei-Jung Chen Woon-Man Kung division of Neurosurgery Department of SurgeryKuang Tien General HospitalTaichung 43303Taiwan Department of Biotechnology and Animal Science College of BioresourcesNational Ilan UniversityYilan 26047Taiwan Department of Biotechnology College of Medical and Health CareHung Kuang UniversityTaichung 43302Taiwan Department of health Business Administration College of Medical and Health CareHung Kuang UniversityTaichung 43302Taiwan Department of Emergency Min-Sheng General HospitalTaoyuan 33044Taiwan Graduate Institute of Injury Prevention and Control College of Public HealthTaipei Medical UniversityTaipei 11031Taiwan division of Neurosurgery Department of SurgeryTaipei Tzu Chi HospitalBuddhist Tzu Chi Medical FoundationNew Taipei City 23142Taiwan Department of Exercise and health Promotion College of Kinesiology and HealthChinese Culture UniversityTaipei 11114Taiwan

The central nervous system(CNS)is a reservoir of immune *** immune glial cells are responsible for maintenance and defense against foreign *** blood–brain barrier(BBB)prevents detrimental pathogens and potentially overreactive immune cells from entering the *** the double-edged neuroinflammatory response is overloaded,it no longer has the protective function of promoting ***,microbiota and its derivatives may emerge as pathogen-associated molecular patterns of brain pathology,causing microbiome–gut–brain axis dysregulation from the *** dysbiosis of the gastrointestinal flora leads to subsequent alterations in BBB permeability,peripheral immune cells are recruited to the *** results in amplification of neuroinflammatory circuits in the brain,which eventually leads to specific neurological *** treatment strategies for gastrointestinal disorders may protect against specific immune responses to gastrointestinal disorders,which can lead to potential protective effects in the ***,this study investigated the mutual effects of microbiota and the gut–brain axis,which may provide targeting strategies for future disease treatment.

关键词： Neuroinflammation Blood–brain barrier Microbiota Gut–brain axis Neurological disorders