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Modelling reference evapotranspiration using gene expression programming and artificial neural network at Pantnagar,India

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Information Processing in Agriculture 2023年第4期10卷 547-563页

作者： Pangam Heramb Pramod Kumar Singh K.V.Ramana Rao A.Subeesh division of irrigation and drainage engineering ICAR-Central Institute of Agricultural EngineeringBhopal 462038India Department of irrigation and drainage engineering G.B.Pant University of Agriculture and TechnologyPantnagar 263145India division of Agricultural Mechanization ICAR-Central Institute of Agricultural EngineeringBhopal 462038India

Evapotranspiration is an essential component of the hydrological cycle that is of particular interest for water resource *** quantification is helpful in irrigation scheduling,water balance studies,water allocation,*** of reference evapotranspiration(ET0)using both gene expression programming(GEP)and artificial neural network(ANN)techniques was done using the daily meteorological data of the Pantnagar region,India,from 2010 to 2019.A total of 15 combinations of inputs were used in developing the ET0 *** model with the least number of inputs consisted of maximum and minimum air temperatures,whereas the model with the highest number of inputs consisted of maximum air temperature,minimum air temperature,mean relative humidity,number of sunshine hours,wind speed at 2mheight and extra-terrestrial radiation as inputs and with ET0 as the output for all the *** the GEP models were developed for a single functional set and pre-defined genetic operator values,while the best structure in each ANN model was found based on the performance during the testing *** was found that ANN models were superior to GEP models for the estimation *** was evident from the reduction in RMSE values ranging from 2%to 56%during training and testing phases in all the ANN models compared with GEP *** ANN models showed an increase of about 0.96%to 9.72%of R2 value compared to the respective GEP *** comparative study of these models with multiple linear regression(MLR)depicted that the ANN and GEP models were superior to MLR models.

关键词： Artificial Neural Networks Evolutionary algorithms Gene Expression Programming Machine Learning Regression Analysis Reference evapotranspiration models

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The effects of deficit irrigation on nitrogen consumption,yield,and quality in drip irrigated grafted and ungrafted watermelon

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2015年第5期14卷 966-976页

作者： Selcuk zmen Riza Kanber Nebahat Sari Mustafa nl University of Dzce Department of Biosystem Engineering University of Cukurova Department of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering University of Cukurova Department of Horticulture

The aim of this study is to determine the effects of deficit irrigation on nitrogen consumption,yield,and quality in grafted and ungrafted *** study was conducted in Cukurova region,Eastern Mediterranean,Turkey,between 2006 and 2008,and employed 3 irrigation rates（full irrigation（l_（100）） with no stress,moderate irrigation（Dl_（70））,and low irrigation（Dl_（50））;Dl_（70） and Dl_（50） were considered deficit irrigation） on grafted（CTJ,Crimson Tide＋Jumbo） and the ungrafted（CT,Crimson Tide） *** amount of irrigation water（IR） applied to the study plots were calculated based on cumulative pan evaporation that occurred during the irrigation *** consumption was 16%lower in CTJ plants than in CT *** the other hand,consumption of nitrogen was 28%higher in Dl_（50） plants than in Dl_（70） plants while it was 23%higher in Dl_（50） plants than in l_（100） *** grafting,the average amount of nitrogen content in seeds,pulps and peels for CTJ was 30,43 and 56%more than those of CT,*** yield and the quality were not significantly affected by the deficit *** this respect,grafting of watermelon gave higher yield,but,it had a slight effect on fruit *** highest yield values of 16.90 and 19.32 kg plant^（-1） in 2008 were obtained with l_（100）and in CTJ plants,***,Dl_（50） treatment could be taken into account for the development of reduced irrigation strategies in semiarid regions where irrigation water supplies are ***,the yield increased by applying CTJ treatment to the watermelon production.

关键词： irrigation deficit grafted grafting fruit slight ammonium consumed solids leaching

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Assessment of future climate change impacts on hydrological behavior of Richmond River Catchment

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Water Science and engineering 2017年第3期10卷 197-208页

作者： Hashim Isam Jameel Al-Safi Priyantha Ranjan Sarukkalige Department of Civil engineering Curtin UniversityPerth 6102Australia Department of irrigation and drainage Techniques Technical Institute of ShatrahSouthern Technical UniversityDhi QarIraq

This study evaluated the impacts of future climate change on the hydrological response of the Richmond River Catchment in New South Wales(NSW), Australia, using the conceptual rainfall-runoff modeling approach(the Hydrologiska Byrans Vattenbalansavdelning(HBV)model). Daily observations of rainfall, temperature, and streamflow and long-term monthly mean potential evapotranspiration from the meteorological and hydrological stations within the catchment for the period of 1972 e2014 were used to run, calibrate, and validate the HBV model prior to the streamflow prediction. Future climate signals of rainfall and temperature were extracted from a multi-model ensemble of seven global climate models(GCMs) of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 3(CMIP3) with three regional climate scenarios, A2, A1 B,and B1. The calibrated HBV model was then forced with the ensemble mean of the downscaled daily rainfall and temperature to simulate daily future runoff at the catchment outlet for the early part(2016 e2043), middle part(2044 e2071), and late part(2072 e2099) of the 21 st *** scenarios during the future periods present decreasing tendencies in the annual mean streamflow ranging between 1% and 24.3% as compared with the observed period. For the maximum and minimum flows, all scenarios during the early, middle, and late parts of the century revealed significant declining tendencies in the annual mean maximum and minimum streamflows, ranging between 30% and 44.4% relative to the observed period. These findings can assist the water managers and the community of the Richmond River Catchment in managing the usage of future water resources in a more sustainable way.

关键词： Climate change impact Hydrological modeling HBV model GCMs Richmond River Catchment Australia

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Effects of irrigation and weed-control methods on growth of weed and rice

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological engineering 2014年第5期7卷 22-33页

作者： Jacob Jeremiah Towa Guo Xiangping Key Laboratory of High-Effective irrigation and drainage and Agricultural Water and Soil Environment in Southern China Ministry of EducationHohai UniversityNanjing 210098China irrigation and Technical Services division Ministry of AgricultureFood Security and CooperativeDar es Salaama9192Tanzania

A field experiment was conducted to study the effects of weeds control methods and an irrigation model on rice growth as well as water consumption and weed quantity in the paddy *** conventional paddy rice production,one of the most important irrigated crops,a significant amount of irrigation water is lost due to percolation and evaporation.A new irrigation model called the Rain-Catching and Controlled irrigation(RCCI)model has been developed as a viable water-saving technology in the production of paddy *** this study the performance of the RCCI model has been analyzed under mulching,hand weeding and weedy conditions in Jiangsu Province of *** experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design(RCBD)with three replications and nine *** three replicates consisted of three water management regimes:high dry high flooding(HD-HF),high dry low flooding(HD-LF),and shallow and frequent irrigation(SF)water *** RCCI model was adopted in HD-HF and HD-LF while Flooding irrigation(CFI)was adopted in SF as a *** nine treatments were equally divided under mulching,hand weeding and weedy *** lowest and maximum irrigation water delivery was 244.86 mm in mulching and 429.22 mm in hand weeding,respectively at *** the lowest and maximum irrigation water delivery was 300.1 mm in the mulching field and 680.72 mm under hand weeding,respectively at *** Nanjing 44 rice variety was *** was observed that weed density and dry weight were significantly influenced by the amount of irrigation water in all the mulching,hand weeding and weedy *** yield and the number of irrigations,the RCCI model produced better results than *** under RCCI was an effective method to control weeds and reduce labor *** addition,mulching decreases the use of herbicides and the risk of *** the other hand,mulching could improve yield and save water.

关键词： irrigation weed control mulching hand weeding RCCI weed population agronomy traits paddy rice

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Effects of rates and time of zeolite application on controlling runoff generation and soil loss from a soil subjected to a freeze-thaw cycle

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2017年第2期5卷 95-101页

作者： Morteza Behzadfar Seyed Hamidreza Sadeghi Mohamad Javad Khanjani Zeinab Hazbavia Watershed Management Department Faculty of Natural ResourcesTarbiat Modares UniversityIran Department of irrigation and drainage engineering Shahid Bahonar UniversityKermanIran

Many factors such as freeze-thaw(FT)cycle influence soil *** of soil amendments can play an important role on runoff time commencement(RT),volume(RV)and soil loss(SL)on soils subjected to FT ***,limited studies have been documented on this *** present study was therefore carried out under rainfall simulation circumstances to investigate the effect of different rates of zeolite ap-plication to control the effects of FT on basic hydrological variables such as runoff production and soil *** this attempt,the effect of application of different rates of 250,500 and 750 gm^(-2) of zeolite applied before,during and after the occurrence of FT cycle on RT,RV and SL was assessed in a completely randomized *** were set up in two categories ***(without zeolite application),and three rates and times of zeolite application in small 0.25 m-experimental plots in three *** results showed that application of zeolite had significant effects on hydrological behavior of soil induced by FT ***-plication rate of 750 gm^(-2) prior to FT cycle increased RT and reduced RV and SL at rates of 644%,68% and 91%,*** results also verified that zeolite could successfully mitigate the impacts of FT cycle on the main soil hydrological variables of soil profile induced by FT *** is accordingly recommended to employ zeolite as an effective amendment to control soil erosion in steep and degraded rangelands where surface soil is exposed to rainfall and runoff.

关键词： Soil amendment Erosion plot Rainfall simulation Sediment yield Soil frost

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Nitrogen and phosphorus changes and optimal drainage time of flooded paddy field based on environmental factors

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Water Science and engineering 2013年第2期6卷 164-177页

作者： Meng-hua XIAO Shuang-en YU Yan-yan WANG Rong HUANG Key Laboratory of Efficient irrigation-drainage and Agricultural Soil-Water Environment in Southern China (Hohai University) Ministry of Education College of Water Conservancy and Hydropower engineering Hohai University

While many controlled irrigation and drainage techniques have been adopted in China, the environmental effects of these techniques require further investigation. This study was conducted to examine the changes of nitrogen and phosphorus of a flooded paddy water system after fertilizer application and at each growth stage so as to obtain the optimal drainage time at each growth stage. Four treatments with different water level management methods at each growth stage were conducted under the condition of ten-day continuous flooding. Results show that the ammonia nitrogen （ NH4-N ） concentration reached the peak value once the fertilizer was applied, and then decreased to a relatively low level seven to ten days later, and that the nitrate nitrogen （NO^-N） concentration gradually rose to its peak value, which appeared later in subsurface water than in surface water. Continuous flooding could effectively reduce the concentrations of NH^-N , NO3-N, and total phosphorus （TP） in surface water. However, the paddy water disturbance, in the process of soil surface adsorption and nitrification, caused NH]-N to be released and increased the concentrations of NH4-N and NO^-N in surface water. A multi-objective controlled drainage model based on environmental factors was established in order to obtain the optimal drainage time at each growth stage and better guide the drainage practices of farmers. The optimal times for surface drainage are the fourth, sixth, fifth, and sixth days after flooding at the tillering, jointing-booting, heading-flowering, and milking stages, respectively.

关键词： ammonia nitrogen nitrate nitrogen phosphorus optimal drainage time flooded paddy field

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Effect of drainage Ditch Layout on Nitrogen Loss by Runoff from an Agricultural Watershed

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Pedosphere 2013年第2期23卷 256-264页

作者： ZHANG Zhan-Yu KONG Li-Li ZHU Lei R.M.MWIYA Key Laboratory of Efficient irrigation-drainage and Agricultural Soil-Water Environment in Southern China Ministry of EducationHohai University College of Water Conservancy and Hydropower engineering Hohai University

A comparison experiment was performed, by designing one field ditch （D1 treatment）, two field ditches （D2 treatment）, three field ditches （D3 treatment）, and no field ditch （CK treatment）, in an upland of a small agricultural watershed in Nanjing-Zhenjiang hilly regions to observe the farmland surface runoff and N loss characteristics under the different layouts of field ditch. As the layout density of field ditch increased, the drainage effect was improved, the timing of the runoff peak was advanced, and also the peak flow was augmented. At the same time, both the concentration and accumulated transfer flux of total nitrogen （TN） were improved, and thereinto the accumulated transfer fluxes of TN under D3, D2 and D1 treatments were increased by 1.46, 1.34 and 1.16 times, respectively, than that under CK treatment. However, the accumulated transfer fluxes of nitrate-nitrogen （NO3-N） and ammonium-nitrogen （NH4＋-N） under D3, D2 and D1 treatments were reduced by 33.9%, 21.4% and 8.6%, and 35.8%, 24.7% and 12.2%, respectively, compared with those under CK treatment. Under CK treatment, the NO3-N and NH4＋-N concentrations were more sensitive to rainfall intensity than the TN concentration. There were significant linear relationships between the transfer fluxes of TN, NO3-N and NH^-N and the runoff flux, with the correlation coefficients of 0.942, 0.899 and 0.912, respectively. In addition, this correlation was also influenced by the layout density of field ditch. Therefore, the environmental effect should be taken into account when designing and constructing field ditches. Especially in the regions of severe fertilizer loss, the approaches of properly increasing the drainage area and decreasing the layout density of field ditch could be adopted under the precondition of avoiding crops from waterlogging.

关键词： drainage velocity layout density of field ditches surface runoff transfer fluxes uplands

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Effects of Bahia Grass Cover and Mulch on Runoff and Sediment Yield of Sloping Red Soil in Southern China

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Pedosphere 2011年第2期21卷 238-243页

作者： LI Xin-Hu ZHANG Zhan-Yu YANG Jie ZHANG Guo-Hua WANG Bin College of Water Conservancy and Hydropower engineering Hohai University Nanjing 210098 (China) Key Laboratory of Efficient irrigation-drainage and Agricultural Soil Hohai University Nanjing 210098 (China) Jiangxi Institute of Soil and Water Conservation Nanchan9 330029 (China) China irrigation and drainage Development Center Beijing 100054 (China) College of Water Conservancy and Building engineering Northeast Agricultural University Harbin 150030 (China)

Rainfall,runoff (surface runoff,interflow and groundwater runoff) and soil loss from 5 m × 15 m plots were recorded for 5 years (2001-2005) in an experiment with three treatments (cover,mulch and bare ground) on sloping red soil in southern *** runoff and erosion from the Bahia grass (Paspalum notatum Flugge) cover plot (A) and mulch plot (B) during the 5 years were low,despite the occurrence of potentially erosive *** contrast,the bare plot (C) had both the highest surface runoff coefficient and the highest sediment *** were significant differences in interflow and surface runoff and no significant difference in groundwater runoff among *** runoff coefficients and duration of interflow and groundwater runoff were in the order plot B > plot A > plot *** of Bahia grass cover were excellent,indicating that the use of Bahia grass cover can be a simple and feasible practice for soil and water conservation on sloping red soil in the region.

关键词： groundwater runoff interflow lysimeter soil properties surface runoff

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Estimating Water Retention with Pedotransfer Functions Using Multi-Objective Group Method of Data Handling and ANNs

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Pedosphere 2011年第1期21卷 107-114页

作者： H.BAYAT M.R.NEYSHABOURI K.MOHAMMADI N.NARIMAN-ZADEH Department of Soil Science Faculty of AgricultureBu Ali Sina University Department of Soil Science Faculty of AgricultureTabriz University Department of irrigation and drainage engineering Tarbiat Modares University Department of Mechanical engineering Engineering FacultyGuilan University

Pedotransfer functions （PTFs） have been developed to estimate soil water retention curves （SWRC） by various techniques. In this study PTFs were developed to estimate the parameters （θs, θr, α and λ） of the Brooks and Corey model from a data set of 148 samples. Particle and aggregate size distribution fractal parameters （PSDFPs and ASDFPs, respectively） were computed from three fractal models for either particle or aggregate size distribution. The most effective model in each group was determined by sensitivity analysis. Along with the other variables, the selected fractal parameters were employed to estimate SWRC using multi-objective group method of data handling （mGMDH） and different topologies of artificial neural networks （ANNs）. The architecture of ANNs for parametric PTFs was different regarding the type of ANN, output layer transfer functions and the number of hidden neurons. Each parameter was estimated using four PTFs by the hierarchical entering of input variables in the PTFs. The inclusion of PSDFPs in the list of inputs improved the accuracy and reliability of parametric PTFs with the exception of ~s- The textural fraction variables in PTF1 for the estimation of a were replaced with PSDFPs in PTF3. The use of ASDFPs as inputs significantly improved a estimates in the model. This result highlights the importance of ASDFPs in developing parametric PTFs. The mCMDH technique performed significantly better than ANNs in most PTFs.

关键词： aggregate size distribution fraetal parameters particle size distribution

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Urease activity and urea hydrolysis rate under coupling effects of moisture content,temperature,and nitrogen application rate

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological engineering 2018年第2期11卷 132-138页

作者： Tao Lei Qiongqiong Gu Xianghong Guo Juanjuan Ma Yong Zhang Xihuan Sun College of Water Science and engineering Taiyuan University of TechnologyChina China irrigation and drainage Development Center Beijing 100054China Jinzhong University Jinzhong 030600China

The traditional qualitative analysis of the individual factors on the kinetic parameters cannot sufficiently reveal the mechanism underlying urea hydrolysis in *** study aimed at revealing the coupling effects of the three factors on urease activity(V_(0)),hydrolysis rate constant(K_(u)),and activation energy(Ea)and establishing the quantitative model for K_(u) under the coupling *** culture experiments were conducted under different temperatures(T)(15℃,20℃,25℃,and 35℃),moisture contents(θ)(60%,80%,and 100%of field capacities),and nitrogen application rates(F)(247 mg/kg,309 mg/kg,371 mg/kg,and 433 mg/kg).The urea content was measured *** showed that the effects of moisture content,temperature,nitrogen application rate,and their interaction on V_(0) and K_(u) were in the descending order:T,F,T^(*)F,θ,T^(*)θ,F^(*)θ,T^(*)θ^(*)*** effect of single factor and two-factor coupling on V_(0) was extremely significant(p<0.01),whereas the effect of the three-factor coupling on V_(0) was *** effects of three factors and their interaction on K_(u) were extremely significant(p<0.01).The effects of moisture content,nitrogen application rate,and their interaction on Ea were in the descending order:F,θ,F^(*)θ.The effects of two factors and their interaction on Ea were not *** mean absolute percentage error(MAPE)values of the established K_(u-1)(θ,T,F)and K_(u-2)(θ,T,F)models were 3.14%and 4.60%,*** MAPE of the traditional Arrhenius model K_(u-3)(T)was 6.75%.The accuracy of the proposed three-factor interaction model was superior to that of the traditional single factor *** results supplemented the mechanism of urea hydrolysis and improved the prediction accuracy of K_(u).

关键词： urease activity hydrolysis rate constant Arrhenius model activation energy coupling effect

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