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Modeling compositional heterogeneity resolves deep phylogeny of flowering plants

Plant Diversity 2025年第1期47卷 13-20页

作者： Yongli Wang Yan-Da Li Shuo Wang Erik Tihelka Michael S.Engel Chenyang Cai Biofuels Institute School of Environmental and Safety EngineeringJiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212013China Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Petroleum Stratigraphy Nanjing Institute of Geology and PalaeontologyChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210008China School of Earth Sciences University of BristolLife Sciences BuildingTyndall AvenueBristol BS81TQUnited Kingdom College of Marine Science and Biological Engineering Qingdao University of Science and TechnologyQingdao 266042China division of invertebrate zoology American Museum of Natural HistoryNew YorkNY 10024-5192USA Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas Universidad Nacional Mayor de San MarcosLima 15081Peru Departamento de Entomología Museo de Historia NaturalUniversidad Nacional Mayor de San MarcosLima 15072Peru

Angiosperms experienced one of the most remarkable radiations of land plants and are now the dominant autotrophs in terrestrial *** phylogenomic studies based on large-scale data from plastid,mitochondrial,or nuclear transcriptomes/genomes and increased taxon sampling have provided unprecedent resolution into the phylogeny of flowering ***,owing to ancient rapid radiations,the interrelationships among the five lineages of Mesangiospermae,the vast majority of angiosperms,remain *** we show that,although plastid and mitochondrial genomes lack sufficient phylogenetic signal for resolving deeper phylogeny,the relationships among five mesangiosperm lineages can be confidently resolved under better-fitting models using genome-scale *** to our Bayesian cross-validation and model test in a maximum likelihood framework,siteheterogeneous models(e.g.,CAT-GTR+G4,LG+C20+F+G)outperform site-homogeneous or partition models often used in previous *** site-heterogeneous models,the approximately unbiased test favored our preferred tree recovered from various datasets:Ceratophyllales(coontails)are robustly recovered as sister to monocots,and they together are sister to the clade comprising magnoliids,Chloranthales,and *** phylogenomic analyses resolve the last enigma of the deeper phylogeny of angiosperms and emphasize the efficacy of modeling compositional heterogeneity in resolving rapid radiations of plants.

关键词： Angiosperms Ceratophyllales Phylogenomics Radiation Methodological factors CAT model

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Wnt2bb signaling promotes pharyngeal chondrogenic precursor proliferation and chondrocyte maturation by activating Yap expression in zebrafish

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Journal of Genetics and Genomics 2025年第2期52卷 220-230页

作者： Xiaojuan Guo Liping Yang Yujie Wang Mengna Yuan Wenqing Zhang Xinyu He Qiang Wang State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101China division of Cell Developmental and Integrative BiologySchool of MedicineSouth China University of TechnologyGuangzhouGuangdong 510006China Innovation Centre of Ministry of Education for Development and Diseases The Sixth Affiliated HospitalSchool of MedicineSouth China University of TechnologyGuangzhouGuangdong 510006China

Pharyngeal cartilage morphogenesis is crucial for the formation of craniofacial *** neural crest cells are specified at the neural plate border,migrate to pharyngeal arches,and differentiate into pharyngeal chondrocytes,which subsequently flatten,elongate,and stack like coins during *** the developmental processes prior to chondrocyte maturation have been extensively studied,their subsequent changes in morphology and organization remain largely ***,we show that wnt2bb is expressed in the pharyngeal ectoderm adjacent to the chondrogenic precursor cells in *** of Wnt2bb leads to a reduction in nuclearβ-catenin,which impairs chondrogenic precursor proliferation and disrupts chondrocyte morphogenesis and organization,eventually causing a severe shrinkage of pharyngeal ***,the decrease ofβ-catenin in wnt2bb^(-/-)mutants is accompanied by the reduction of Yap *** of Yap can restore the proliferation of chondrocyte progenitors as well as the proper size,shape,and stacking of pharyngeal *** findings suggest that Wnt/β-catenin signaling promotes Yap expression to regulate pharyngeal cartilage formation in zebrafish.

关键词： Wnt/β-catenin signaling YAP Wnt2bb Chondrocyte maturation Pharyngeal cartilage Zebrafish

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A New Subfamily of Aphids (Hemiptera,Aphidomorpha) from the Early Cretaceous Lebanese Amber with a Description of the Oldest Apterous Morphs

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2010年第4期84卷 665-672页

作者： Piotr WEGIEREK David A.GRIMALDI Department of zoology Silesian University40-0007 KatowicePoland division of invertebrate of zoology American Museum of Natural HistoryNew YorkNY 10024USA

Aphids are marked by their high polymorphism, but species reported from the Early Cretaceous are known only from alate morphs. The discovery of an apterous adult morph in Lebanese amber and a larva of the same species are very important for the understanding of both the morphological and biological evolution of this insect group at the very early stage of development. Gondvanoaphis estephani new subfamily, new genus and species of the recent aphids family Thelaxidae is described. The characters of the new genus in respect to other genera placed in Thelaxidae are reviewed. The palaeoeeological and palaeogeographical data concerning Gondvanoaphis new genus are also discussed.

关键词： Hemiptera Aphidomorpha Thelaxidae Gondvanoaphidinae new subfamily Gondvanoaphis new genus Lebanese amber taxonomy phylogeny fossil insect

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What is the difference between marine and limnetic-terrestrial associations of nematodes with invertebrates?

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Integrative zoology 2022年第4期17卷 481-510页

作者： Alexei V.TCHESUNOV Viatcheslav N.IVANENKO Department of invertebrate zoology Faculty of BiologyM.V.Lomonosov Moscow State UniversityMoscowRussia

Zoo-and phyto-parasitic nematodes of the order Rhabditida and zooparasites of the subclass Dorylaimia are well known,due largely to their medical,veterinarian and agricultural ***,there have been many switches from a free-living to a symbiotic(including parasitism)mode of existence in the evolutionary trajectories of various nematode ***,we attempt to summarize all known cases of symbioses(from commensalism to true parasitism)between marine nematodes representing nonparasitic taxa and various larger animals,ranging from protists to *** cases are of nematodes relating to dwelling on crustaceans(ectocommensalism)or living in the body cavity and internal organs of various invertebrates(endoparasitism or parasitoidism).Ectocommensal species may differ from their free-living relatives in their longer filiform bodies and enlarged ventral and caudal glands,which may be interpreted as adaptations for the purpose of fixation on the body surface of a motile *** species are characterized by deep anatomical modification,including rudimentation of the alimentary tract and hypertrophy of reproductive *** terrestrial and limnetic invertebrates,marine invertebrates have almost no intestinal nematode *** evolutionary trajectories of nematode dwellers of marine and nonmarine invertebrates are compared.

关键词： commensalism marine invertebrates Nematoda parasitism symbiosis

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Happy together？ Avoidance of conspecifics by gregarious mussels

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Current zoology 2018年第1期64卷 53-61页

作者： Anna DZIERZYNSKA-BIALONCZYK Aleksandra SKRZYPCZAK Jaroslaw KOBAK Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection Department of Invertebrate Zoology Nicolaus CopernicusUniversity Lwowska 1 Torun 87-100 Poland

Zebra mussel Dreissena polymorpha is a Ponto-Caspian species invasive in Europe and North America, with great environmental impact. It lives byssally attached to hard substrata in large aggregations, which is often explained by its preferences for conspecifics, though direct evidence for such preferences has been rather limited so far. We studied the reactions of zebra mussels to con- specifics, hypothesizing that they may either be attracted to one another or form aggregations only in the absence of alternative attachment sites, in Experiment 1, we tested mussel tendency to detach from existing druses depending on druse size （2-25 individuals） and substratum type （soft： sand; hard： glass）. Mussels detached significantly more often on the hard substratum and from larger druses compared to soft substratum and smaller druses, respectively. This indicates that mussels tended to avoid conspecifics at high density, particularly when alternative substratum was available. In Experiment 2, we tested the responses of single mussels to distant （3 or 15cm） conspecifics （0, 3, 15 individuals per 2.51 tank） on the sandy substratum. The presence of conspecifics, regardless of their distance and density, resulted in single unattached mussels staying more often in their initial positions. Mussels did not move preferentially towards or away from the conspecifics. Thus, even on unsuitable substratum mussels were not attracted by conspecifics and probably exhibited an avoidance reaction by reducing their movement. This suggests that dense mussel aggregations are formed due to the lack of available alternative attachment sites rather than due to their preferences for conspecifics.

关键词： active detachment Dreissena polymorpha movement mussel aggregations zebra mussel.

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Ecology of Pinnidae(Mollusca: Bivalvia) from the Gulf of Thailand

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2019年第2期38卷 52-69页

作者： Cheewarat Printrakoon Peter D Roopnarine Thamasak Yeemin Animal Systematic Special Unit Department of ZoologyFaculty of ScienceKasetsart University Department of invertebrate zoology and Geology California Academy of Sciences Department of Biology Faculty of ScienceRamkhamhaeng University

The ecology of the family Pinnidae was studied by sampling three pinnid species from 36 sampling sites across four different microhabitats in the Gulf of Thailand. The species spatial distributions were mostly uniform, with some populations having random distributions. Species abundances differed between sandy and coral habitats according to non-metric multi-dimension scaling analyses. Although the Gulf of Thailand is a relatively small geographic area, habitats are varied enough to provide variable shell densities. Small islands are important distribution areas, and coral reefs provide both direct and indirect shelter which support high abundances,densities and increased shell size. The highest density was recorded in sand beds within coral reefs. Low density and small shell size in sand beaches might be related to high mortality in shallow water or to adaptations for survival in shallow waters. A clear correlation between sediment composition and species abundance was found in Pinna atropurpurea; abundance increased with the sand content of the sediment. For P. deltodes, abundance increased as the rock fraction of the sediment increased. These results suggest that adaptations in Pinnidae, such as shell size, shell morphology, and the exposure of the shell above the sediment-water interface, are responses for survival in different habitats.

关键词： density distribution pinnid shell shell adaptation the Gulf of Thailand

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Why on the snow？ Winter emergence strategies of snow-active Chironomidae （Diptera） in Poland

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Insect Science 2016年第5期23卷 754-770页

作者： Agnieszka Soszynska-Maj Lauri Paasivirta Wojciech Gilka Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection Department of Invertebrate Zoology and Hydrobiology University of Lodz Banacha 12116 90-237 Lodz Poland Ruuhikoskenkatu 17 B 5 FIN-24240 Salo Finland Department of invertebrate zoology and Parasito- logy University of Gdansk Wita Stwosza 59 80-308 Gdansk Poland

A long-term study of adult non-biting midges （Chironomidae） active in winter on the snow in mountain areas and lowlands in Poland yielded 35 species. The lowland and mountain communities differed significantly in their specific composition. The mountain assemblage was found to be more diverse and abundant, with a substantial contribution from the subfamily Diamesinae, whereas Orthocladiinae predominated in the lowlands. Orthocladius wetterensis Brundin was the most characteristic and superdominant species in the winter-active chironomid communities in both areas. Only a few specimens and species of snow-active chironomids were recorded in late autumn and early winter. The abundance ofchironomids peaked in late February in the mountain and lowland areas with an additional peak in the mountain areas in early April. However, this second peak of activity consisted mainly of Orthocladiinae, as Diamesinae emerged earliest in the season. Most snow-active species emerged in mid- and late winter, but their seasonal patterns differed between the 2 regions as a result of the different species composition and the duration of snow cover in these regions. Spearman＇s rank correlation coefficient tests yielded positive results between each season and the number of chironomid individuals recorded in the mountain area. A positive correlation between air temperature, rising to ＋3.5 ~C, and the number of specimens recorded on the snow in the mountain community was statistically significant. The winter emergence and mate-searching strategies of chironomids are discussed in the light of global warming, and a brief compilation of most important published data on the phenomena studied is provided.

关键词： Chironomidae Diamesinae Diptera Orthocladiinae snow activity weather influence winter emergence

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Thermal survival limits of young and mature larvae of a cold stenothermal chironomid from the Alps （Diamesinae： Pseudodiamesa branickii [Nowicki, 1873]）

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Insect Science 2017年第2期24卷 314-324页

作者： Valeria Lencioni Paola Bernabo Section of invertebrate zoology and Hydrobiology MUSE-Museo delle Scienze Corso del Lavoro e della Scienza 3 38123 Trento Italy

The threats posed by climate change make it important to expand knowl- edge concerning cold and heat tolerance in stenothermal species from habitats potentially threatened by temperature changes. Thermal limits and basal metabolism variations were investigated in Pseudodiamesa branickii （Diptera： Chironomidae） under thermal stress between -20 and 37 ℃. Supercooling point （SCP）, lower （LLTs） and upper lethal temper- atures （ULTs）, and oxygen consumption rate were measured in overwintering young （lst and 2nd instar） and mature （3rd and 4th instar） larvae from an Alpine glacier-fed stream. Both young and mature larvae were freezing tolerant （SCPs = -7.1 ℃ and -6.4 ℃, re- spectively; LLT100 〈SCP and 〉 -20 ℃） and thermotolerant （ULTso = 31.7 ± 0.4, 32.5± 0.3, respectively）. However, ontogenetic differences in acute tolerance were observed. The LLT50 calculated for the young larvae （=-7.4 ℃） was almost equal to their SCP （= -7.1 ℃） and the overlapping of the proportion of mortality curve with the CPIF curve highlighted that the young larvae are borderline between freezing tolerance and freezing avoidance. Furthermore, a lower ULT100 in the young larvae （of ca. 1 ℃）, suggests that they are less thermotolerant than mature larvae. Finally, young larvae exhibit a higher oxygen consumption rate （mgO2/gAFDM/h） at any temperature tested and are overall less resistant to oxygen depletion compared to mature larvae at ≥ 10 ℃. These findings sug- gest that mature larvae enter into a dormant state by lowering their basal metabolism until environmental conditions improve in order to save energy for life cycle completion during stressful conditions.

关键词： basal metabolism glacier-fed streams larval development supercooling point thermotolerance

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A New Species Group in the Genus Tanytarsus van der Wulp (Diptera:Chironomidae) Based on a Fossil Record from Baltic Amber

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2010年第4期84卷 714-719页

作者： Wojciech GILKA Department of invertebrate zoology University of GdanskAl.Marszalka Pitsudskiego 4681-378 GdyniaPoland

A new fossil chironomid, Tanytarsus serafini, found in Baltic amber is described and illustrated based on adult males. The new species and similar extant species of the genus Tanytarsus van der Wulp are compared. Due to several distinct characters of wing, legs and bypopygium, a new species group for Tanytarsus serafini is proposed, and its diagnostic features are evaluated.

关键词： Diptera Chironomidae Tanytarsus new species Baltic amber Eocene

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Repellent properties of Cardiospermum,halicacabum Linn.(Family:Sapindaceae)plant leaf extracts against three important vector mosquitoes

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2012年第8期2卷 602-607页

作者： M Govindarajan R Sivakumar division of Vector Biology and Phytochemistry Department of ZoologyAnnamalai University

Objective:To determine repellent activity of hexane,ethyl acetate,benzene,chloroform and methanol extract of Cardiospermum halicacabum,(***) against Culex quinque/ascialus(***),Aedes aegypti(***) and Anopheles slephensi(***). Methods:Evaluation was carried out in a net cage(45 cm×30 cm×25 cm) containing 100 blood starved female mosquitoes of three mosquito species and were assayed in the laboratory condition by using the protocol of WHO 2005;The plant leaf crude extracts of *** was applied at 1.0,2.5,and 5.0 me/cm^2 separately in the exposed area of the fore *** ethanol served as ***:In this observation,the plant crude extracts gave protection against mosquito bites without any allergic reaction to the test person,and also,the repellent activity was dependent on the strength of the plant *** tested plant crude extracts had exerted promising repellent against all the three ***:From the results it can be concluded the crude extract of *** was potential for controlling ***, *** and *** mosquitoes.

关键词： Repellency Cardiospermum halicacabum Culex quinquefasciatus Aedes aegypti Anopheles stephensi

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