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Concurrent chemoradiotherapy for cervical cancer： background including evidence-based data, pitfalls of the data, limitation of treatment in certain groups

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Chinese Journal of Cancer Research 2016年第2期28卷 221-227页

作者： Yukiharu Todo Hidemichi Watari division of Gynecologic Oncology National Hospital Organization Hokkaido Cancer Center Sapporo 003-0804 Japan Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Hokkaido University School of Medicine Sapporo 060-8648 Japan

Concurrent chemoradiotherapy （CCRT） is regarded as the standard treatment for locally advanced uterine cervical cancer （LACC）, including stage Ib2-IVa disease [International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics （FIGO） staging]. However, approximately a third of eligible patients in previous studies died of LACC despite receiving CCRT. The therapeutic significance of CCRT alone in stage Ⅲ-IVa disease has not yet been confirmed. Effective treatment of some LACC is beyond the scope of CCRT. The objective of the present review is to highlight some challenging work aimed at overcoming this seemingly intractable disease. CCRT with increased peak concentrations of cisplatin （CDDP）, surgery following CCRT, adjuvant chemotherapy （CT） following CCRT, and neoadjuvant CT followed by CCRT are strategies expected to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of CCRT. If patients with LACC were divided into those with low-risk or high-risk systemic disease or prognoses, novel strategies should be assessed in the group with high-risk disease.

关键词： Concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) locally advanced cervical cancer (LACC) adjuvant chemotherapy (CT)

Appendicitis with psoas abscess successfully treated by laparoscopic surgery

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第25期20卷 8317-8319页

作者： Yasunori Otowa Yasuo Sumi Shingo Kanaji Kiyonori Kanemitsu Kimihiro Yamashita Tatsuya Imanishi Tetsu Nakamura Satoshi Suzuki Kenichi Tanaka Yoshihiro Kakeji division of Gastrointestinal Surgery Department of SurgeryKobe University Graduate School of Medicine 7-5-2 Kusunokichou Chuo-ku Kobe Hyogo Prefecture 650-0017 Japan division of Gastrointestinal Surgery Department of SurgeryKobe University Graduate School of Medicine7-5-2 KusunokichouChuo-ku KobeHyogo Prefecture 650-0017Japan

Although acute appendicitis is a common disease, retroperitoneal abscesses are rarely observed. Here, we report a case consisting of a psoas abscess and cutaneous fistula caused by appendicitis. The patient was a 56-year-old male who was introduced to our institution due to an intractable right psoas abscess. Imaging tests had been performed over the previous 3 years; however, clinicians could not find the origin of the abscess and failed to resolve the problem. A successful operation was performed via a laparoscopic approach, and 17 mo have passed without recurrence. The advantage of laparoscopic surgery is well understood in cases of appendicitis with abscesses. However, the indication for laparoscopic approach is not clear for retroperitoneal abscesses. From our experience, we can conclude that appendicitis with retroperitonealabscesses can be managed and treated using a laparoscopic approach.

关键词： Appendicitis Laparoscopic surgery Psoas abscess Retroperitoneal abscess Right leg pain

Short-term emergency response planning and risk assessment via an integrated modeling system for nuclear power plants in complex terrain

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Frontiers of Earth Science 2013年第1期7卷 1-27页

作者： Ni-Bin CHANG Yu-Chi WENG Department of Civil Environmental and Construction Engineering University of Central Florida Orlando FL 32816 USA division of Environmental Engineering Graduate School of Engineering Hokkaido University Hokkaido Sapporo 060-8628 Japan

Short-term predictions of potential impacts from accidental release of various radionuclides at nuclear power plants are acutely needed, especially after the Fukushima accident in Japan. An integrated modeling system that provides expert services to assess the consequences of accidental or intentional releases of radioactive materials to the atmosphere has received wide attention. These scenarios can be initiated either by accident due to human, software, or mechanical failures, or from intentional acts such as sabotage and radioIogicaI dispersal devices. Stringent action might be required just minutes after the occurrence of accidental or intentional release. To fulfill the basic functions of emergency preparedness and response systems, previous studies seldom consider the suitability of air pollutant dispersion models or the connectivity between source term, disper- sion, and exposure assessment models in a holistic context for decision support. Therefore, the Gaussian plume and puff models, which are only suitable for illustrating neutral air pollutants in fiat terrain conditional to limited meteorological situations, are frequently used to predict the impact from accidental release of industrial sources. In situations with complex terrain or special meteorological conditions, the proposing emergency response actions might be questionable and even intractable to decision- makers responsible for maintaining public health and environmental quality. This study is a preliminary effort to integrate the source term, dispersion, and exposure assessment models into a Spatial Decision Support System （SDSS） to tackle the complex issues for short-term emergency response planning and risk assessment at nuclear power plants. Through a series model screening procedures, we found that the diagnostic （objective） wind field model with the aid of sufficient on-site meteorological monitoring data was the most applicable model to promptly address the trend of local wind field patt

关键词： emergency response nuclear power plants diagnostic model particle model source term model spatial analysis Spatial Decision Support System

Cytomegalovirus ileo-pancolitis presenting as toxic megacolon in an immunocompetent patient: A case report

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2020年第3期8卷 552-559页

作者： Joon Hyun Cho Joon Hyuk Choi division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department of Internal MedicineYeungnam University College of MedicineDaegu 42415South Korea Department of Pathology Yeungnam University College of MedicineDaegu 42415South Korea

BACKGROUND Cytomegalovirus(CMV) enterocolitis presenting in the form of pancolitis or involving the small and large intestines in an immunocompetent patient is rarely encountered, and CMV enterocolitis presenting with a serious complication, such as toxic megacolon, in an immunocompetent adult has only been reported on a few *** SUMMARY We describe the case of a 70-year-old male with no history of inflammatory bowel disease or immunodeficiency who presented with toxic megacolon and subsequently developed massive hemorrhage as a complication of CMV ileopancolitis. The patient was referred to our institute for abdominal pain and distension. Abdominal X-ray showed marked dilatation of ileum and whole colon without air-fluid level, and sigmoidoscopy with biopsy failed to reveal any specific finding. After 7 d of conservative treatment, massive hematochezia developed, and he was diagnosed to have CMV enterocolitis by colonoscopy with biopsy. Although the diagnosis of CMV enterocolitis was delayed, the patient was treated successfully by repeat colonoscopic decompression and antiviral therapy with intravenous *** This report cautions that CMV-induced colitis should be considered as a possible differential diagnosis in a patient with intractable symptoms of enterocolitis or megacolon of unknown cause, even when the patient is nonimmunocompromised.

关键词： Toxic megacolon Cytomegalovirus Enterocolitis Immunocompetent Case report

Dropout training for SVMs with data augmentation

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Frontiers of Computer Science 2018年第4期12卷 694-713页

作者： Ning CHEN Jun ZHU Jianfei CHEN Ting CHEN MOE Key lab of Bioinformatics Bioinformatics Division and Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology TNLIST Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China State Key Lab of Intelligent Technology and Systems Department of Computer Science and Technology Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China

Dropout and other feature noising schemes have shown promise in controlling over-fitting by artificially corrupting the training data. Though extensive studies have been performed for generalized linear models, little has been done for support vector machines （SVMs）, one of the most successful approaches for supervised learning. This paper presents dropout training for both linear SVMs and the nonlinear extension with latent representation learning. For linear SVMs, to deal with the intractable expectation of the non-smooth hinge loss under corrupting distributions, we develop an iteratively re-weighted least square （IRLS） algorithm by exploring data augmentation techniques. Our algorithm iteratively minimizes the expectation of a re- weighted least square problem, where the re-weights are analytically updated. For nonlinear latent SVMs, we con- sider learning one layer of latent representations in SVMs and extend the data augmentation technique in conjunction with first-order Taylor-expansion to deal with the intractable expected hinge loss and the nonlinearity of latent representa- tions. Finally, we apply the similar data augmentation ideas to develop a new IRLS algorithm for the expected logistic loss under corrupting distributions, and we further develop a non-linear extension of logistic regression by incorporating one layer of latent representations. Our algorithms offer insights on the connection and difference between the hinge loss and logistic loss in dropout training. Empirical results on several real datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of dropout training on significantly boosting the classification accuracy of both linear and nonlinear SVMs.

关键词： dropout SVMs logistic regression data aug- mentation iteratively reweighted least square

Outcomes of endoscopic endonasal dacryocysto-rhinostomy for intractable lacrimal dacryostenosis and associated factors

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2016年第10期9卷 1471-1475页

作者： Tohru Tanigawa Hirokazu Sasaki Hiroshi Nonoyama Yuichiro Horibe Kunihiro Nishimura Tetsuro Hoshino Tetsuya Ogawa Kenta Murotani Hiromi Ueda Masahiro Kaneda Department of Otolaryngology Aichi Medical University Department of Otolaryngology Tono Kosei Hospital division of Biostatistics Clinical Research CenterAichi Medical University Department of Ophthalmology Tono Kosei Hospital

AIM：To examine the effects of patient age,canalicular obstruction,mode of anesthesia,and duration of nasolacrimal intubation on the outcomes of endoscopic endonasal dacryocystorhinostomy（DCR）. METHODS： Totally 56 eyes of 46 patients with prolonged epiphora underwent minimally invasive endoscopic endonasal DCR.A successful surgical outcome was defined as a significant improvement in symptoms,adequate water passage from the puncta to the nasal cavity,and patency of the DCR *** outcomes were assessed at least 6mo after ***＇s exact test was used to discuss the factors,and then the logistic regression analysis was made by SAS9.4 ***： The overall success rate was 75.0%,and complete resolution was observed in 27 *** success rate was higher for patients with ≥6mo intubation than for those with 〈6mo ***,there were no significant differences in outcomes between groups stratified by age（〈65 or ≥65y）,presence or absence of canalicular obstruction,mode of anesthesia（local or general）,and use or nonuse of a radiowave *** patient developed subcutaneous emphysema around the eye and nose and one developed subcutaneous hemorrhage after surgery. CONCLUSION： Endoscopic endonasal DCR can be considered safe and minimally invasive with reasonable success rates,particularly when the duration of nasolacrimal intubation is ≥6mo.

关键词： dacryocystorhinostomy endoscopy,, intubation epiphora

Impaired glucose tolerance in acute pancreatitis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2015年第24期21卷 7367-7374页

作者： Kazuhiro Kikuta Atsushi Masamune Tooru Shimosegawa division of Gastroenterology Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine

Acute pancreatitis(AP) is an acute inflammatory disease of the exocrine pancreas. In spite of the pivotal role of the endocrine pancreas in glucose metabolism, the impact of impaired glucose tolerance on AP has not been fully elucidated. A meta-analysis of seven observational studies showed that type 2 diabetes mellitus(DM) was associated with an increased risk of AP. The increased risk of AP shown in the meta-analysis was independent of hyperlipidemia, alcohol use and gallstones. Antidiabetic drugs including incretins might increase the risk of AP, but no intervention trials have confirmed this. Although a controversial finding, DM seems to be associated with severe attacks and organ failure in AP. We analyzed the results of a nationwide epidemiological survey of AP in Japan. We studied the impact of pre-existing DM on the clinical course of AP in 1954 cases for which information on DM status was available at the onset of AP. The prevalence of DM in AP patients(12.8%) was higher than that in the general population in Japan(10.5%). AP patients with DM had higher morbidity of cardiovascular and renal failure than those without DM. About 35% of the idiopathic AP patients with DM had renal failure. The mortality of AP patients with DM(4.0%) was higher than that of AP patients without DM(1.7%). If stratified by etiology, idiopathic, but not alcoholic or biliary, AP patients with DM were predisposed to increased mortality(9.7%). In conclusion, impaired glucose tolerance might have an impact on the development and clinical outcome of AP. However, the impact might depend on the cause of hyperglycemia, the condition of DM including severity, duration and treatment, and the characteristics of the AP patients including age, etiology and comorbidity.

关键词： Alcohol Diabetes mellitus Epidemiology Gallstone Mortality Organ failure

Gastroesophageal reflux disease and the airway-essentials for the surgeon

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2009年第1期1卷 8-10页

作者： Vic Velanovich division of General Surgery Henry Ford HospitalDetroit

Gastroesophageal reflux disease(GERD) has many protean *** of the most vexing have to do with the *** affects the tracheobronchial tree directly,leading to aspiration pneumonia and asthma,or exacerbating existing pulmonary disease,such as asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary *** addition to the respiratory manifestation of GERD,there are unique pharyngeal and laryngeal *** include voice hoarseness,throat-clearing,chronic cough,globus,and "post-nasal drip".Linking these symptoms to GERD is challenging and frequently the diagnosis is that of *** proton pump inhibitor therapy being the mainstay of treatment,with anti-reflux surgery being reserved for intractable cases,there is no definitive evidence of the superiority of either.

关键词： Gastroesophageal reflux disease Laryngo-pharyngeal reflux Reflux-induced asthma Aspiration pneumonia Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Chronic cough Reflux laryngitis

Controllability and Its Applications to Biological Networks

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Journal of Computer Science & Technology 2019年第1期34卷 16-34页

作者： Lin Wu Min Li Jian-Xin Wang Fang-Xiang Wu division of Biomedical Engineering University of SaskatchewanSaskatoonSK STN 5A9Canada School of Information Science and Engineering Central South UniversityChangsha 410083China Department of Mechanical Engineering University of SaskatchewanSaskatoonSK STN 5A9Canada

Biological elements usually exert their functions through interactions with others to form various types of biological *** ability of controlling the dynamics of biological networks is of enormous benefits to pharmaceutical and medical industry as well as scientific *** there are many mathematical methods for steering dynamic systems towards desired states,the methods are usually not feasible for applying to complex biological *** difficulties come from the lack of accurate model that can capture the dynamics of interactions between biological elements and the fact that many mathematical methods are computationally intractable for large-scale ***,a concept in control theory --controllability,has been applied to investigate the dynamics of complex *** this article, recent advances on the controllability of complex networks and applications to biological networks are *** dynamic models is the prior concern for analyzing dynamics of biological ***,we introduce a widely used dynamic model for investigating controllability of complex *** recent studies of theorems and algorithms for having complex biological networks controllable in general or specific application scenarios are ***,applications to real biological networks manifest that investigating the controllability of biological networks can shed lights on many critical physiological or medical problems,such as revealing biological mechanisms and identifying drug targets,from a systematic perspective.

关键词： biological network network controllability steering node