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The Sendai Framework for disaster Risk Reduction: Renewing the Global Commitment to People’s Resilience, Health,and Well-being

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international Journal of disaster Risk Science 2015年第2期6卷 164-176页

作者： Amina Aitsi-Selmi Shinichi Egawa Hiroyuki Sasaki Chadia Wannous Virginia Murray Public Health Strategy division Public Health England Research Department of Epidemiology and Public Health University College London division of international cooperation for disaster medicine International Research Institute of Disaster Science(IRIDeS)Tohoku University The United Nations Office for disaster Risk Reduction(UNISDR) The United Nations Office for disaster Risk Reduction(UNISDR)Scientific and Technical Advisory Group

The Sendai Framework for disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030(SFDRR) is the first global policy framework of the United Nations’ post-2015 agenda. It represents a step in the direction of global policy coherence with explicit reference to health, development, and climate change. To develop SFDRR, the United Nations Office for disaster Risk Reduction(UNISDR) organized and facilitated several global, regional, national, and intergovernmental negotiations and technical meetings in the period preceding the World Conference on disaster Risk Reduction(WCDRR) 2015 where SFDRR was adopted. UNISDR also worked with representatives of governments, UN agencies, and scientists to develop targets and indicators for SFDRR and proposed them to member states for negotiation and adoption as measures of progress and achievement in protecting lives and livelihoods. The multiple efforts of the health community in the policy development process, including campaigning for safe schools and hospitals, helped to put people’s mental and physicalhealth, resilience, and well-being higher up the disaster risk reduction(DRR) agenda compared with the Hyogo Framework for Action 2005–2015. This article reviews the historical and contemporary policy development process that led to the SFDRR with particular reference to the development of the health theme.

关键词： disaster risk reduction Global health Health policy Public health Safe hospitals

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A dwarf bamboo(Pleioblastus chino) and winter browsing by Japanese hare(Lepus brachyurus) combine to limit establishment of transplanted native tree seedlings in an abandoned agricultural field

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Journal of Forestry Research 2016年第6期27卷 1287-1294页

作者： Yoshinori Tokuoka Kentaro Ohigashi Koji Watanabe Hiroshi Yamaguchi Takahiro Ara Nobukazu Nakagoshi Biodiversity division National Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences (NIAES) Ecosystem Informatics division NIAES Experimental Farm Management division NIAES Graduate School for international Development and cooperation Hiroshima University

Natural forest recovery on abandoned farmland is hindered by a variety of factors and active restoration plays an important role when quick afforestation is desired. We investigated seedling survival of four transplanted native tree species （Quercus myrsinifolia, Quercus serrata, Aphananthe aspera, and Rhus sylvestris） by experimentally manipulating the vegetation cover, which was mainly dominated by dwarf bamboo （Pleioblastus chino）, and herbivore access to the planting sites on farmland that had been abandoned for 15 years at the start of the study. Few transplanted seedlings of any species survived under intact vegetation cover, irrespective of herbivore presence. In gaps in the vegetation cover, winter browsing by Japanese hare （Lepus brachyurus） damaged all species. However, lower browsing frequency and higher resprouting ability after grazing of the seedlings enabled both Quercus species to survive better than the other species. These results indicate that dwarf bamboo and the hare jointly limit the establishment of native trees in old fields. If active afforestation by transplanting seedlings at sites dominated by dwarf bamboo is planned, a combination of vegetation removal, selection of suitable species, and temporary seedling protection will be most effective.

关键词： Farmland abandonment Microsite limitation Monodominant dwarf bamboo Resprouting Seedling herbivory

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The Gaps Between Institutional and Practical disaster Risk Management Measures on Coastal Flood Risks in South Korea’s Coastal Communities

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international Journal of disaster Risk Science 2024年第4期15卷 594-607页

作者： Hyejeong Park Kihun Nam Shinichi Egawa disaster Medical Science division International Research Institute of Disaster ScienceTohoku UniversitySendaiMiyagi 980-0845Japan Department of Fire and disaster Prevention Engineering Changshin UniversityChangwonGyeongsangnam-do 51326Republic of Korea

Global warming and climate change significantly increase the frequency of coastal floods caused by sea level rise(SLR) as a permanent factor and hydrometeorological hazards as tentative factors. The combined risks will affect coastal *** Korea is gradually facing SLR risks, mainly in its southern coastal regions;however, disaster risk reduction(DRR)in coastal regions remains fragmented. This study aimed to investigate the status of DRR for coastal communities in South Korea by looking at government practices and testimonies from residents. This study reviewed DRR-related regulations and documents and collected data from interviews with local government officials, field visits, and informal conversations with residents in six coastal communities. The findings show that the coastal communities were less resilient to coastal floods than to other hazards, such as typhoons and heavy rains, and the potential consequences could be expanded due to demographic challenges, fragmented institutional systems, and low risk awareness. Moreover, this study emphasized the necessity of an integrated approach to reducing the impact of coastal floods caused by both SLR and other factors. It also highlighted the importance of coastal community engagement in local DRR activities through increasing risk awareness and adapting to environmental change based on appropriate risk information disclosure by the government. The impacts of coastal floods triggered by SLR and other hazard factors can be reduced by aligning practical regulatory measures with adaptive strategies and enhancing the disaster resilience of coastal communities.

关键词： Coastal community Coastal foods disaster risk reduction Hydrometeorological hazards Sea level rise South Korea

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Looking Back and Beyond Sendai:25 Years of international Policy Experience on disaster Risk Reduction

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international Journal of disaster Risk Science 2015年第1期6卷 1-7页

作者： Sálvano Briceo Science Committee Integrated Research on Disaster Risk(IRDR) Program of International Council for Science (ICSU)/International Social Science Council (ISSC)/United NationsInternational Strategy for Disaster Reduction (UNISDR)

The evolution in knowledge and application of disaster risk reduction in the 25 years of global cooperation on this issue has been uneven. While advances in knowledge have improved our understanding of the full nature of risk—the combination of hazards meeting vulnerability—the application of such knowledge has not been conducive to the development of institutional and technical mechanisms to address the full range of risk elements. Governance of risk(policies, legislation, and organizational arrangements) still focuses largely on preparing to respond to the hazards and planning for recovery. This leaves largely unattended the vulnerability component of risk, which is the only component on which change can be *** arrangements, risk assessments, early warning systems, and other institutional and technical capacities still concentrate on natural hazards and this is the main change that remains to be substantively addressed.

关键词： Climate change adaptation disaster risk reduction Risk governance Risk management

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Renminbi Nominal Effective Exchange Rate for Third Market Competition:An Approach Based on Disaggregated Trade Data

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China & World Economy 2013年第5期21卷 20-35页

作者： Qiyuan Xu Panpan Yang Yue Liu Zhinan Zhang Institute of World Economics and Politics Chinese Academy of Social Sciences the division of international cooperation China Center for Urban DevelopmentNational Development and Reform Commission

When measuring the nominal effective exchange rate （NEER）, three factors should be considered： direct import competition, direct export competition and third market competuion. The traditional NEER methodology using aggregated export trade data underestimates the competition between countries producing homogeneous goods, so that the weight of the effective exchange rates is too reliant on trade scale. Based on 2002 6-digit items of the Harmonized Commodity Description and Coding System, this paper employs the competitive stress index to adjust the weighting system of the renminbi NEER for third market competition. In the new weighting system, European countries and some emerging economies have higher weights compared with some of the developed countries, including the USA, Japan and resources-dominated eeonomies~ This research will facilitate the understanding of changes in China＇s export competitiveness.

关键词： competitive stress index nominal effective exchange rate renminbi third market competition

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An Institutional Model for Collaborative disaster Risk Management in the Southern African Development Community(SADC) Region

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international Journal of disaster Risk Science 2016年第4期7卷 343-352页

作者： Mmaphaka Tau Dewald van Niekerk Per Becker African Centre for disaster Studies North-West University division of Risk Management and Societal Resilience Lund University

This article presents and argues for a collaborative model for disaster risk management in the Southern African Development Community(SADC).The research employed a qualitative study through a literature review and empirical research through focus group interviews to realize its *** a key theory of multinational collaboration,neoliberal institutionalism—a subset of the international relations theory—was used to develop the SADC institutional collaborative *** model combined the theoretical,political,and technical dimensions of collaboration to enhance buy-in for the disaster risk management and reduction function of *** model demonstrates the need for a multidisciplinary approach to achieving disaster risk management and reduction in the SADC and elsewhere,if the developmental objectives of disaster risk reduction are to be realized without interference in the domestic affairs of the member *** model is therefore grounded in seeking consensus and cooperation among cooperating states in a quest to ensure national implementation of the regional framework on disaster risk reduction.

关键词： disaster risk management disaster risk reduction international relations Neoliberal institutionalism Southern African Development Community(SADC)

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The 3rd Global Summit of Research Institutes for disaster Risk Reduction:Expanding the Platform for Bridging Science and Policy Making

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international Journal of disaster Risk Science 2017年第2期8卷 224-230页

作者： Andrew Collins Hirokazu Tatano Wilma James Chadia Wannous Kaoru Takara Virginia Murray Charles Scawthorn Jim Mori Sarah Aziz Khalid M.Mosalam Stefan Hochrainer-Stigler Irasema Alcántara-Ayala Elisabeth Krausmann Wei-Sen Li Ana Maria Cruz Subhajyoti Samaddar Tom De Groeve Yuichi Ono Kelvin Berryman Koji Suzuki Mark Ashley Parry Peter McGowran John G.Rees Department of Geography/disaster and Development Network (DDN) Northumbria University disaster Prevention Research Institute (DPRI) Kyoto University United Nations Office for disaster Risk Reduction (UNISDR) Public Health England United Nations Office for disaster Reduction (UNISDR) Scientific and Technical Advisory Group and Integrated Research on disaster Risk (IRDR) Scientific Committee Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center (PEER) University of CaliforniaBerkeley Centre for Southeast Asia disaster Prevention Research Initiative (SEADPRI) Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Pacific Earthquake Engineering CenterUniversity of CaliforniaBerkeley international Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA) Institute of Geography National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM) European Commission Joint Research Centre (JRC) APEC Emergency Preparedness Capacity Building Center (EPCC) international Research Institute of disaster Science Tohoku University Natural Hazards division GNS Science National Research Institute for Earth Science and disaster Resilience (NIED) British Geological Survey and Research Councils UK

The Global Alliance of disaster Research Institutes held its 3rd Global Summit of Research Institutes for disaster Risk Reduction at the disaster Prevention Research Institute,Kyoto University,Japan,19–21 March,*** Global Alliance seeks to contribute to enhancing disaster risk reduction(DRR) and disaster resilience through the collaboration of research organizations around the *** summit aim was to expand the platform for bridging science and policy making by evaluating the evidence base needed to meet the expected outcomes and actions of the Sendai Framework for disaster RiskReduction 2015–2030 and its Science and Technology *** summit reflected the international nature of collaborative research and action.A pre-conference questionnaire filled out by Global Alliance members identified323 research projects that are indicative of current *** were categorized to support seven parallel discussion sessions related to the Sendai Framework priorities for *** discussion sessions focused on research that aims to deepen the understanding of disaster *** cross-cutting sessions focused on research that is aimed at the priorities for action on governance,resilience,and *** summaries were presentedin plenary sessions in support of outcomes for widely enhancing the science and policy of DRR.

关键词： disaster risk reduction research GADRI global summit Policy Science

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Risk Control of Pension Fund Management in China

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China & World Economy 2007年第6期15卷 37-52页

作者： Xiaoyan Qian Chunling Zhu division Chief Department of International Cooperation Ministry of Labour and Social Security and PhD. Lecturer PhD. Candidate the School of Business Renmin University of China Beijing China

Based on an analysis of China ＇s current pension system, the present paper indicates that risk control of pension fund management is a serious policy challenge for the Chinese Government. Although some reform efforts have been made, there are still serious institutional and capital market risks that are difficult to overcome but are key in the success of China＇s pension reform. To ensure a smooth transition in pension reform, China not only needs to build a better institutional framework and facilitate capital market development, but also raise the risk awareness of individual pensioners.

关键词： capital market risk institutional risk pension fund management pension insurance

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Poverty Reduction Effect of Adaptation to Climate Change: Empirical Evidence from China's Loess Plateau and Qinba Mountains

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Chinese Journal of Urban and Environmental Studies 2020年第3期8卷 102-115页

作者： LIU Jie LIU Changyi international Business School Shaanxi Normal University Global Energy Interconnection Development and cooperation Organization

Based on the micro-survey data of rural households in China’s Loess Plateau and Qinba Mountains, this paper empirically examines the poverty reduction effect and mechanism of adaptation to climate change. The research conclusions show that the adaptation actions can significantly reduce the poverty vulnerability of farmers, especially the future incidence of poverty in agricultural or poor households to a greater extent, which is characterized by a “pro-poor” *** actions can reduce poverty from two aspects: decreasing the expected income volatility(loss mitigation effect) and increasing the expected income level(opportunity effect), and the former is stronger than the latter. In the post-2020 period, China should enhance policy support in rural areas to adapt to climate change, improve the resilience of farmers’ livelihoods and climate change resilience of rural areas, and promote sustainable poverty reduction.

关键词： Poverty vulnerability disaster risk adaption actions sustainable poverty reduction

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The role and potential application of extracellular vesicles in liver cancer

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2021年第8期64卷 1281-1294页

作者： Xuewei Qi Shuzhen Chen Huisi He Wen Wen Hongyang Wang Cancer Research Center The First Affiliated HospitalDivision of Life Sciences and MedicineUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China National Center for Liver Cancer Second Military Medical UniversityShanghai 200438China international cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery HospitalSecond Military Medical UniversityShanghai 200438China

Liver cancer is one of the most common causes of cancer-related death worldwide and mainly includes hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)and cholangiocarcinoma(CCA).Extracellular vesicles(EVs)are membrane-derived nanometer-sized vesicles that can be released by different cell types under normal and pathological conditions and thus play important roles in the transmission of biological information between *** evidence suggests that liver cancer cell-derived EVs may help establish a favorable microenvironment to support the proliferation,invasion and metastasis of cancer *** this review,we summarized the role of EVs in the tumor microenvironment(TME)during the development and progression of liver *** messenger carriers,EVs are loaded by various biomolecules,such as proteins,RNA,DNA,lipids and metabolites,making them potential liquid biopsy biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of liver *** also highlighted the progress of EVs as antigen carriers and EV-based therapeutics in preclinical studies of liver cancer.

关键词： cancer invasion diagnosis

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