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Neuroprotective potential for mitigating ischemia-reperfusion-induced damage

Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第8期20卷 2199-2217页

作者： Zi Ye Runqing Liu Hangxing Wang Aizhen Zuo Cen Jin Nan Wang Huiqi Sun Luqian Feng Hua Yang The Clinical Medical College Guizhou Medical UniversityGuiyangGuizhou ProvinceChina division of infectious diseases Department of Internal MedicinePeking Union Medical College HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina School of Medical Imaging Guizhou Medical UniversityGuiyangGuizhou ProvinceChina division of Gastroenterology First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenan ProvinceChina The Second Clinical Medical College Lanzhou UniversityLanzhouGansu ProvinceChina Department of Neurosurgery Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical UniversityGuiyangGuizhou ProvinceChina

Reperfusion following cerebral ischemia causes both structural and functional damage to brain tissue and could aggravate a patient's condition;this phenomenon is known as cerebral ischemia-reperfusion *** studies have elucidated the neuroprotective role of the sirtuin protein family(Sirtuins)in modulating cerebral ischemia-reperfusion ***,the potential of utilizing it as a novel intervention target to influence the prognosis of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury requires additional *** this review,the origin and research progress of Sirtuins are summarized,suggesting the involvement of Sirtuins in diverse mechanisms that affect cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury,including inflammation,oxidative stress,blood-brain barrier damage,apoptosis,pyroptosis,and *** therapeutic avenues related to Sirtuins that may improve the prognosis of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury were also investigated by modulating Sirtuins expression and affecting representative pathways,such as nuclear factor-kappa B signaling,oxidative stress mediated by adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase,and the forkhead box *** review also summarizes the potential of endogenous substances,such as RNA and hormones,drugs,dietary supplements,and emerging therapies that regulate Sirtuins *** review also reveals that regulating Sirtuins mitigates cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury when combined with other risk *** Sirtuins show promise as a potential target for the treatment of cerebral ischemiareperfusion injury,most recent studies are based on rodent models with circadian rhythms that are distinct from those of humans,potentially influencing the efficacy of Sirtuinstargeting drug ***,this review provides new insights into the role of Sirtuins in the pathology and treatment of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury.

关键词： apoptosis autophagy blood-brain barrier dietary supplements drug hormones inflammation neuroprotection oxidative stress prognosis pyroptosis reperfusion injury risk factors RNA therapeutics

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Rhabdomyolysis-related acute kidney injury in COVID-19:A critical concern

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World Journal of Virology 2025年第1期14卷 127-129页

作者： Md Safiullah Sarker Virology Laboratory Infectious Diseases DivisionDhaka 1212Bangladesh

Rhabdomyolysis is a severe condition characterized by the breakdown of muscle tissue leading to the release of intracellular components into the *** condition,when associated with acute kidney injury(AKI),can result in significant morbidity and mortality,particularly in the context of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19).This editorial discusses a retrospective study on patients with COVID-19 who developed rhabdomyolysis-related *** study highlights that patients with rhabdomyolysis exhibited higher inflammatory markers,such as Creactive protein,ferritin,and procalcitonin,and experienced worse clinical outcomes compared to those with other causes of *** findings underscore the importance of early recognition and management of rhabdomyolysis in COVID-19 patients to improve prognosis and reduce mortality rates.

关键词： Rhabdomyolysis Acute kidney injury COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 Creatine kinase Inflammation Prognosis Mortality

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Concurrent infections of dengue viruses serotype 2 and 3 in patient with severe dengue from Jakarta, Indonesia

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Asian Pacific Journal of tropical Medicine 2016年第2期9卷 130-135页

作者： Soroy Lardo Yaldiera Utami Benediktus Yohan Seri MMU Tarigan Widayat Djoko Santoso Leonard Nainggolan R Tedjo Sasmono division of tropical Medicine and infectious diseases Department of Internal Medicine Gatot Soebroto Central Army Hospital Department of Internal Medicine Faculty of Medicine University of Indonesia Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology division of tropical Medicine and infectious diseases Department of Internal Medicine Cipto Mangunkusumo National Central Hospital

Objective: To describe the clinical manifestation of patient with severe dengue, to identify the serotypes and genotypes of dengue viruses(DENV) which concurrently infecting the patient, and to explore the possible relationship of severe dengue with the concurrent infection of DENV. Methods: Dengue diagnosis was performed using NS1 antigen detection and Ig G/Ig M ELISA. Standard clinical and laboratory examinations were performed to obtain the clinical and hematological data. DENV concurrent infections were detected and confirmed using RT-PCR and DENV Envelope gene sequencing. Phylogenetic analyses were performed to determine the genotypes of the viruses. Results: The patient was classified as having severe dengue characterized by severe plasma leakage, hemorrhage, and organ damage involving lung, liver, and kidney. Concurrent infection of DENV serotype 2 and 3 was observed. The infecting DENV-2 virus was grouped into Cosmopolitan genotype while DENV-3 virus was classified into Genotype Ⅰ. Both viruses were closely related to isolates that were endemic in Jakarta. Viremia measurement was conducted and revealed a significantly higher virus titer of DENV-3 compared to DENV-2. Conclusions: The occurrence of multi-serotype DENV infections was presented in a patient with severe clinical manifestation in Indonesia. The hyperendemicity of dengue in Indonesia may contribute to the DENV concurrent infections cases and may underlie the severity of the disease.

关键词： Severe dengue Concurrent infections DENV-2 DENV-3

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Pulmonary coinfection by Pneumocystis jiroveci and Cryptococcus neoformans

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Asian Pacific Journal of tropical Biomedicine 2012年第1期2卷 80-82页

作者： Bava Javier Lloveras Susana Garro Santiago Troncoso Alcides Laboratory of Parasitology Infectious Diseases Hospital division of infectious diseases Francisco Muniz Hospital Department of infectious diseases Tropical MedicineSchool of Medicine.Buenos Aires University

We communicate the diagnosis by microscopy of a pulmonary coinfection produced by Cryptococcus neoformans and Pneumocystis jiroveci,from a respiratory secretion obtained by bronchoalveolar lavage of an AIDS *** review of literature identified this coinfection as unusual *** infections associated with HIV infection are increasingly *** may occur at an early stage of *** concurrent opportunistic infections may occur,coexisting Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia(PCP)and disseminated cryptococcosis with cryptococcal pneumonia is *** lungs of individuals infected with HIV are often affected by opportunistic infections and tumours and over two-thirds of patients have at least one respiratory episode during the course of their *** is the leading HIV-associated *** present the case of a man who presented dual Pneumocystis jiroveci and cryptococcal pneumonia in a patient with *** diagnosis of PCP and Cryptococcus requires demonstration of these organisms in pulmonary tissues or *** patients with<200/microliter CD4-lymphocytes,a bronchoalveolar lavage should be *** patient was successfully treated with amphotericin B and trimethoprim *** 1 week the patient showed clinical and radiologic improvement and was discharged 3 weeks later.

关键词： Cryptococcus neoformans Pneumocystis jiroveci Pulmonary coinfection Diagnosis test Opportunistic pathogen Pneumonia Definitive diagnosis

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Heterologous expression in transgenic mosquitoes

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Asian Pacific Journal of tropical Medicine 2010年第3期3卷 244-250页

作者： Santhosh PK Yuhua Deng Weidong Gu Xiaoguang Chen Department of Parasitology School of Public Health and Tropical MedicineSouthern Medical University division of infectious diseases Department of MedicineUniversity of Alabama

Arthropod-borne diseases such as malaria and dengue virus afflict billions of people worldwide imposing major economic and social *** of such pathogens is mainly performed by vector management and treatment of affected individuals with *** failure of these conventional approaches due to emergence of insecticide-resistant insects and drug-resistant parasites demonstrate the need of novel and efficacious control strategies to combat these *** modification(GM) of mosquito vectors to impair their ability to be infected and transmit pathogens has emerged as a new strategy to reduce transmission of many vector-borne diseases and deliver public health *** advances in developing transgenic mosquitoes unable to transmit pathogens have gained support,some of them attempt to manipulate the naturally occurring endogenous refractory mechanisms,while others initiate the identification of an exogenous foreign gene which disrupt the pathogen development in insect vectors. Heterologous expression of transgenes under a native or heterologous promoter is important for the screening and effecting of the transgenic *** effect of the transgene on mosquito fitness is a crucial parameter influencing the success of this transgenic *** review examines these two aspects and describes the basic research work that has been accomplished towards understanding the complex relation between the parasite and its vector and focuses on recent advances and perspectives towards construction of transgenic mosquitoes refractory to vector-borne disease transmission.

关键词： Anopheles Fitness load Malaria Transgene Transposable element Vector

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Occult hepatitis B—the result of the host immune response interaction with different genomic expressions of the virus

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2022年第17期10卷 5518-5530页

作者： George Sebastian Gherlan Department of infectious diseases “Carol Davila”University of Medicine and PharmacyBucharest 030303Romania Department of infectious diseases “Dr.Victor Babes”Hospital of Infectious and Tropical DiseasesBucharest 030303Romania

With over 40 years of history,occult hepatitis B infection(OBI)continues to remain an important and challenging public health *** as the presence of replication-competent hepatitis B virus(HBV)DNA(i.e.,episomal HBV covalently closed circular DNA)in the liver and/or HBV DNA in the blood of people who test negative for hepatitis B surface antigen(HBsAg)in currently available assays,OBI is currently diagnosed using polymerase chain reaction(PCR)and real-time PCR ***,all efforts should be made to exclude a false negative HBsAg in order to completely follow the definition of *** recent years,significant advances have been made in understanding the HBV lifecycle and the molecular mechanisms that lead to the persistence of the virus in the occult *** factors are mainly related to the host immune system and,to a smaller proportion,to the *** innate and adaptive immune responses are important in HBV infection management,and epigenetic changes driven by host mechanisms(acetylation,methylation,and microRNA implication)are added to such *** greater genetic variability in the S gene of HBV isolated from OBIs was found compared with overt infection,the mechanisms of OBI are not mainly viral mutations.

关键词： Hepatitis B virus Occult hepatitis B Covalently closed circular DNA Epigenetic factors Immune factors MicroRNA

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Direct anti-HCV agents

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2016年第1期6卷 26-31页

作者： Xingquan Zhang division of infectious diseases University of CaliforniaSan Diego School of Medicine

Unlike human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)and hepatitis B virus(HBV),hepatitis C virus(HCV)infection is a curable *** direct antiviral agent(DAA)targets are focused on HCV NS3/4A protein(protease),NS5 B protein(polymerase)and NS5 A *** first generation of DAAs includes boceprevir and telaprevir,which are protease inhibitors and were approved for clinical use *** cure rate for genotype 1 patients increased from 45% to 70% when boceprevir or telaprevir was added to standard PEG-IFN/*** effective and less toxic second generation DAAs supplanted these drugs by *** second generation of DAAs includes sofosbuvir(Sovaldi),simeprevir(Olysio),and fixed combination medicines Harvoni and Viekira *** drugs increase cure rates to over 90%without the need for interferon and effectively treat all HCV *** these drugs the "cure HCV"goal has become a *** remain about drug resistance mutations and the high cost of these *** investigation of new HCV drugs is progressing rapidly;fixed dose combination medicines in phase III clinical trials include Viekirax,asunaprevirtdaclatasvirtbeclabuvir,grazoprevirtelbasvir and others.

关键词： Hepatitis C virus Cure HCV Sustained virologic response Direct antiviral agents NS3/4A protease inhibitor

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Dengue hemorrhagic fever with rectus sheath hematoma:A case report

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Asian Pacific Journal of tropical Medicine 2024年第3期17卷 136-138页

作者： Boudhayan Bhattacharjee Hardik Patel Rucha Karad Vasireddy Teja Agnibho Mondal Soumendra Nath Haldar Bibhuti Saha Department of infectious diseases and Advanced Microbiology School of Tropical MedicineKolkataIndia

Rationale:Acute pain is a medical emergency that requires prompt abdominal evaluation and ***,a mosquito-borne arboviral infection,can lead to complications such as acute abdominal *** concerns:A 72-year-old hypertensive female presented with high-grade intermittent fever with chills and rigors for four *** was diagnosed with dengue fever(NS1Ag-reactive)the day before admission.A contrast-enhanced computed tomography of the abdomen showed a hematoma along the rectus sheath which was managed conservatively as per surgical ***:Dengue hemorrhagic fever with rectus sheath ***:Blood transfusion and fluid ***:Ten days after discharge,the patient reproted no pain in the right iliac fossa and the size of the hematoma was significantly ***:Although it is rarely seen as a cause of acute abdomen,complaints of adnominal pain should never be ignored in critical or convalescent phase of dengue *** investigations should be promptly conducted as hematoma is often difficult to be diagnosed *** in diagnosis of rectus sheath hematoma can be fatal.

关键词： Dengue fever Rectus sheath hematoma Surgical emergency Acute appendicitis

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New insight of vitamin D in chronic liver diseases

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic diseases International 2014年第6期13卷 580-585页

作者： En-Qiang Chen Ying Shi Hong Tang Center of infectious diseases West China Hospital and division of infectious diseases State Key Laboratory of BiotherapySichuan University

BACKGROUND： Vitamin D is a fat-soluble sterol derivative that is predominantly synthesized in the liver and has multiple functions. The accumulative data showed that the clinical manifestations and prognosis of chronic liver diseases are associated with serum vitamin D levels. DATA SOURCES： A PubMed and Google Scholar search using terms：＂vitamin D＂, ＂25 （OH）D＂, ＂liver disease＂, ＂viral hepatitis＂, ＂non-alcoholic fatty liver disease＂, ＂liver fibrosis＂, ＂cirrhosis＂, ＂hepatocellular carcinoma＂ and ＂autoimmune liver disease＂ was performed, and relevant articles published in English between January 2000 and March 2014 were reviewed. Fulb text publications relevant to the field were selected and relevant articles from reference lists were also included. RESULTS： The insufficiency or deficiency of vitamin D is common in various kinds of chronic liver diseases including viral hepatitis B and C. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and vitamin D receptors are possibly interrelated with the incidence, treatment and prognosis of diseases. Though the evidence of vitamin D supplementation in viral hepatitis and associated liver diseases is still limited, there is great potential to apply this adjuvant therapy to improve the treatments. CONCLUSIONS： Although the exact role and mechanisms of vitamin D have not been fully elucidated in chronic liver diseases, it is potentially beneficial in the treatment of chronic liver diseases. Further mechanistic studies are needed to validate its clinical application.

关键词： vitamin D deficiency viral hepatitis chronic liver diseases

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Optimization therapy for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第19期20卷 5730-5736页

作者： En-Qiang Chen Hong Tang Center of infectious diseases West China Hospital of Sichuan University division of infectious diseases State Key Laboratory of BiotherapySichuan University

Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) is currently medically managed with either interferon-alpha or one of the five nucleos(t)ide analogs. However, there are still a large number of CHB patients whose response to the above therapies remains less than satisfactory, and their incomplete or non-response to antiviral therapies has plagued clinicians worldwide. In recent years, a newly proposed optimization therapy has provided us with a new approach to solve this problem. The key points in this optimization therapy are to initiate antiviral therapy with an appropriate agent at the correct time point, and to adjust treatments in patients with poor early responses by adding a second agent or switching to another more potent agent. In this review, we summarize recent developments in optimization therapy for the treatment of CHB, and provide an outlook for future research in this field. (C) 2014 Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.

关键词： Chronic hepatitis B Nucleos(t)ide analog Interferon Suboptimal response Optimization therapy

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