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Geochemistry of shales of middle Permian Barren Measures Formation,West Bokaro Basin,India:Implications on provenance,paleodepositional and paleoclimatic conditions

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Journal of Palaeogeography 2025年第01期14卷 40-65页

作者： Mritunjoy Banerjee Biplab Bhattacharya Arnab Bhattacharya Aniruddha Pathak Partha Pratim Banerjee Department of Earth sciences Indian Institute of Technology Natural Resource division Tata Steel Limited

Geochemical analyses of fine-grained clastic sedimentary rocks,such as shales,are significant since they portray the nature of the control factors from source to sink in a sedimentary basin,and help characterizing the heterogeneity in potential source and/or reservoir *** rock geochemistry（including major element oxides,trace elements and rare earth elements） of 20 shale samples from the Permian Barren Measures Formation,West Bokaro Basin,Peninsular India,is presented to decipher the provenance,paleoweathering,paleotectonic,paleodepositional and paleoredox conditions of the basin within the Lower Gondwana paleogeographic framework.X-ray diffraction（XRD） peaks and scanning electron microscopy（SEM）reveal an abundance of quartz,muscovite and clay minerals,viz.,illite,kaolinite,etc.,with less abundant feldspar and *** concentrations of major element oxides,trace elements and rare earth elements（REEs） of the shale samples are compared with predefined standards such as PAAS and *** CIA（chemical index of alteration） and the A-CN-K values,based on the ratios of the major element oxides,signify intense chemical *** ratios of Sr/Cu versus Rb/Sr and K2O/Al2O3versus Ga/Rb,and high ∑REE values indicate a temperate *** of the major element oxides（e.g.,K2O/Na2O versus SiO2） suggest a passive tectonic *** Eu/Eu*and（Gd/Yb）_n values depict predominantly post-Archean granitic and gneissic source *** ratios of trace elements,viz.,Th/Sc,Th/Co,Th/Cr,La/Sc and Eu/Eu*,and the distribution pattern of the REEs（higher LREE in comparison to HREE） attest to a felsic-intermediate source from a nearby *** redox-sensitive trace elements,such as V and Ni,indicate a dysoxic condition that prevailed during *** ratios of Fe2O3versus MgO and Log（MgO/Al2O3） versus Log（K2O/Al2O3）,and the ternary plots of Fe2O3-MgO-SiO2/Al2O3suggest a non-marine to deltaic transitional *** evidence of marine influences during

关键词： Guadalupian Lower Gondwana Passive margin rift basin Fluvial–marine transition Anoxic condition West Bokaro Basin

Dietary supplementation of valine,isoleucine,and tryptophan may overcome the negative effects of excess leucine in diets for weanling pigs containing corn fermented protein

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2025年第1期16卷 267-281页

作者： Andrea P.Mallea Charmaine D.Espinosa Su A Lee Minoy A.Cristobal Leidy J.Torrez‑Mendoza Hans H.Stein division of Nutritional sciences University of IllinoisUrbanaIL 61801USA Department of Animal sciences University of IllinoisUrbanaIL 61801USA Present Address:EnviroFlight RaleighNCUSA.

Background Diets with high inclusion of corn co-products such as corn fermented protein(CFP)may contain excess Leu,which has a negative impact on feed intake and growth performance of pigs due to increased catabolism of Val and Ile and reduced availability of Trp in the brain for serotonin ***,we hypothesized that the negative effect of using CFP in diets for weanling pigs may be overcome if diets are fortified with crystalline sources of Val,Trp,and(or)*** Three hundred and twenty weanling pigs were randomly allotted to one of 10 dietary treatments in a com-pletely randomized design,with 4 pigs per pen and 8 replicate pens per treatment.A corn-soybean meal diet and 2 basal diets based on corn and 10%CFP or corn and 20%CFP were *** additional diets were formu-lated by fortifying the basal diet with 20%CFP with Ile,Trp,Val,Ile and Val,Ile and Trp,Trp and Val,or Ile,Trp and Val.A two-phase feeding program was used,with d 1 to 14 being phase 1 and d 15 to 28 being phase *** scores were recorded every other *** samples were collected on d 14 and 28 from one pig per *** d 14,fecal samples were collected from one pig per pen in 3 of the 10 treatments to determine volatile fatty acids,ammonium concen-tration,and microbial *** pigs were also euthanized and ileal tissue was *** There were no effects of dietary treatments on any of the parameters evaluated in phase *** of 10%or 20%CFP in diets reduced(P<0.05)final body weight on d 28,and average daily gain(ADG)and average daily feed intake(ADFI)in phase 2 and for the entire experimental ***,pigs fed the CFP diet supplemented with Val,Ile,and Trp had final body weight,ADFI,ADG and gain to feed ratio in phase 2 and for the entire experiment that was not different from pigs fed the control *** scores in phase 2 were reduced(P<0.05)if CFP was *** Corn fermented protein may be included by up to 20%in diets for weanling pi

关键词： Branched-chain amino acids Corn fermented protein Leucine Tryptophan Valine Weanling pigs

A comprehensive review of phytochemical approaches in treatment of acute myeloid leukemia:Associated pathways and molecular mechanisms

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Chinese Herbal Medicines 2025年第1期17卷 41-55页

作者： Mouvanal Sajana T.S.Gopenath Basalingappa M.Kanthesh division of Molecular Biology School of Life SciencesJSS AHER Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics School of Life SciencesJSS AHER

Acute myeloid leukemia(AML) is a type of cancer that affects the blood and bone *** review conducts a thorough analysis of AML, addressing its genetic *** examination extends to the current therapeutic approaches employed for AML,shedding light on their efficacy and the notable side effects experienced by patients undergoing these treatments,leading to a low overall survival ***,exploring alternative treatments,such as phytochemicals,is ***,the review explores the complex landscape of phytochemicals,categorizing them based on their diverse properties,which include alkaloids,phenols,terpenoids,organo-sulfur compounds,and other compounds,including quinones,and elucidating their mechanisms of *** emphasis is placed on their involvement in critical signaling pathways,with a particular focus on how these phytochemicals impact AML when evaluated across a spectrum of cell *** in-depth exploration aims to uncover potential targets within the molecular landscape of AML where phytochemicals can exert their therapeutic *** review investigates the potential role of plant-derived phytochemicals as adjunctive therapies for *** exploration encompasses the identification of specific phytochemicals that exhibit promising anti-leukemic properties and evaluates their potential in clinical *** conventional treatments,the review explores the integration of complementary and alternative medicine as a holistic approach to managing *** examination encompasses the synergy between conventional therapies and alternative interventions,exploring how these combined strategies may enhance overall therapeutic outcomes and mitigate side *** a forward-looking perspective,the overarching goal is to contribute to the evolving landscape of AML treatment by considering innovative approaches that harness the therapeutic potential of phytochemicals,both independently and in conjunction with establishe

关键词： cell death complementary and alternative medicine leukemia phytochemicals signaling pathways therapeutic targets

Effect of preprocessing on performances of machine learning-based mineral composition analysis on gas hydrate sediments, Ulleung Basin, East Sea

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Petroleum Science 2025年第1期22卷 151-162页

作者： Hongkeun Jin Ju Young Park Sun Young Park Byeong-Kook Son Baehyun Min Kyungbook Lee Department of Geoenvironmental sciences Kongju National University Tunnel & Underground Facility division ESCO Consultant & Engineers Company Yellow Sea Institute of Geoenvironmental sciences Petroleum and Marine Research division Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources Department of Climate and Energy Systems Engineering Ewha Womans University Center for Climate/Environment Change Prediction Research Ewha Womans University

Gas hydrate(GH) is an unconventional resource estimated at 1000-120,000 trillion *** on GH is ongoing to determine its geological and flow characteristics for commercial production. After two large-scale drilling expeditions to study the GH-bearing zone in the Ulleung Basin, the mineral composition of 488 sediment samples was analyzed using X-ray diffraction(XRD). Because the analysis is costly and dependent on experts, a machine learning model was developed to predict the mineral composition using XRD intensity profiles as input data. However, the model's performance was limited because of improper preprocessing of the intensity profile. Because preprocessing was applied to each feature, the intensity trend was not preserved even though this factor is the most important when analyzing mineral composition. In this study, the profile was preprocessed for each sample using minmax scaling because relative intensity is critical for mineral analysis. For 49 test data among the 488data, the convolutional neural network(CNN) model improved the average absolute error and coefficient of determination by 41% and 46%, respectively, than those of CNN model with feature-based preprocessing. This study confirms that combining preprocessing for each sample with CNN is the most efficient approach for analyzing XRD data. The developed model can be used for the compositional analysis of sediment samples from the Ulleung Basin and the Korea Plateau. In addition, the overall procedure can be applied to any XRD data of sediments worldwide.

关键词： Sample-based preprocessing X-ray diffraction (XRD) Machine learning Mineral composition Gas hydrate (GH) Ulleung basin

Mechanism by which Rab5 promotes regeneration and functional recovery of zebrafish Mauthner axons

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第6期20卷 1816-1824页

作者： Jiantao Cui Yueru Shen Zheng Song Dinggang Fan Bing Hu Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM Division of Life Sciences and MedicineUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiAnhui ProvinceChina

Rab5 is a GTPase protein that is involved in intracellular membrane trafficking. It functions by binding to various effector proteins and regulating cellular responses, including the formation of transport vesicles and their fusion with the cellular membrane. Rab5 has been reported to play an important role in the development of the zebrafish embryo;however, its role in axonal regeneration in the central nervous system remains unclear. In this study, we established a zebrafish Mauthner cell model of axonal injury using single-cell electroporation and two-photon axotomy techniques. We found that overexpression of Rab5 in single Mauthner cells promoted marked axonal regeneration and increased the number of intra-axonal transport vesicles. In contrast, treatment of zebrafish larvae with the Rab kinase inhibitor CID-1067700markedly inhibited axonal regeneration in Mauthner cells. We also found that Rab5 activated phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase(PI3K) during axonal repair of Mauthner cells and promoted the recovery of zebrafish locomotor function. Additionally, rapamycin, an inhibitor of the mechanistic target of rapamycin downstream of PI3K, markedly hindered axonal regeneration. These findings suggest that Rab5 promotes the axonal regeneration of injured zebrafish Mauthner cells by activating the PI3K signaling pathway.

关键词： axonal regeneration Mauthner cell nerve regeneration Rab5 zebrafish

Context-dependent role of sirtuin 2 in inflammation

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第3期20卷 682-694页

作者： NoemíSola-Sevilla Maider Garmendia-Berges MCarmen Mera-Delgado Elena Puerta Department of Pharmaceutical sciences Division of PharmacologySchool of Pharmacy and NutritionUniversity of NavarraPamplonaSpain Navarra Institute for Health Research(IdiSNA) PamplonaSpain

Sirtuin 2 is a member of the sirtuin family nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide(NAD~+)-dependent deacetylases, known for its regulatory role in different processes, including inflammation. In this context, sirtuin 2 has been involved in the modulation of key inflammatory signaling pathways and transcription factors by deacetylating specific targets, such as nuclear factor κB and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-leucine-rich-repeat and pyrin domain-containing protein 3(NLRP3). However, whether sirtuin 2-mediated pathways induce a pro-or an anti-inflammatory response remains controversial. Sirtuin 2 has been implicated in promoting inflammation in conditions such as asthma and neurodegenerative diseases, suggesting that its inhibition in these conditions could be a potential therapeutic strategy. Conversely, arthritis and type 2 diabetes mellitus studies suggest that sirtuin 2 is essential at the peripheral level and, thus, its inhibition in these pathologies would not be recommended. Overall, the precise role of sirtuin 2 in inflammation appears to be context-dependent, and further investigation is needed to determine the specific molecular mechanisms and downstream targets through which sirtuin 2 influences inflammatory processes in various tissues and pathological conditions. The present review explores the involvement of sirtuin 2 in the inflammation associated with different pathologies to elucidate whether its pharmacological modulation could serve as an effective strategy for treating this prevalent symptom across various diseases.

关键词： interferon inflammation lipopolysaccharide neuroinflammation NLRP3 nuclear factorκB sirtuin 2

Detention basins as best management practices for water quality control in an arid region

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Water Science and Engineering 2014年第2期7卷 155-167页

作者： Amina R. LODHI Kumud ACHARYA division of hydrologic sciences Desert Research Institute

Flood control detention basins （DBs） can act as water quality control structures or best management practices （BMPs）. A key pollutant that DBs serve to settle out is particulate phosphorus, which adsorbs onto sediment. This study examines the sediment phosphorus concentration and its relationship with the particle size of sediment microcosms from pre- and post-rain event samples obtained from six DBs located in Clark County, Nevada. DBs were allotted a land use classification to determine if there was a correlation between the sediment phosphorus concentration and surrounding land use. The curve number method was used to calculate the runoff and subsequent phosphorus carried into the DB by the runoff. Our data show sediment phosphorus concentrations to he highest in soils from undeveloped areas. Runoff amount also plays a substantial role in determining the amount of phosphorus brought into the DB by sediment. This research has implications for improvement of water quality in arid regions.

关键词： detention basin soil contamination runoff calculation water quality control,"phosphorus Las Vegas Valley Watershed

The P-wave velocity and azimuthal anisotropy structure of southeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau from adjoint-state traveltime tomography

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Science China Earth sciences 2025年第3期68卷 702-719页

作者： Xuezhen ZHANG Xiaodong SONG Jing CHEN Lei ZHANG Ping TONG Yan'e LI State Key Laboratory of Deep Earth and Mineral Exploration School of Earth and Space Sciences Peking University division of Mathematical sciences School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Nanyang Technological University Institute of Geophysics China Earthquake Administration

The southeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau is a crucial region to understand the mechanisms of plateau uplift and deformation. This region is seismically active and has experienced multiple large earthquakes, resulting in significant human and economic losses. Constructing velocity and anisotropic tomography models is crucial for understanding the seismogenic mechanism and deep structural deformation in this area. In this study, we extract high-quality P-wave first-arrival data from the earthquake catalog of the China Earthquake Administration and use them to construct both common-receiver and commonsource differential traveltime datasets. We then apply a novel adjoint-state traveltime tomography approach to obtain new Pwave velocity and azimuthal anisotropy models for the region. This method eliminates the need for ray tracing, thereby reducing the potential bias from the ray theory and ray tracing. A comparison between our results and previous imaging models and shearwave splitting measurements reveals several new details. The results indicate weak anisotropy in the shallow depth of the central Chuandian block. Two low-velocity anomalies are identified beneath the Songpan-Ganzi and Lijiang-Xiaojinhe fault zones, as well as beneath the Xiaojiang Fault. The distinct anisotropic characteristics of these two low-velocity anomalies suggest different tectonic contexts: Beneath the Songpan-Ganzi and Lijiang-Xiaojinhe fault zones, the azimuthal anisotropy aligns north-south and northeast-southwest, while beneath the Xiaojiang Fault, it aligns northwest-southeast. In addition, the anisotropy of the upper mantle in the southern part of the study area has a significant east-west feature. The earthquake relocation results reveal intensified seismic activity in regions with significant velocity contrasts and near fault zones. Segmental seismic activity is observed along some major fault zones, and seismicity is also more pronounced in fault intersection areas. The new imag

关键词： Azimuthal anisotropy P-wave velocity Adjoint-state tomography Tibetan Plateau Sichuan and Yunnan

Constraints on holographic QCD phase transitions from PTA observations

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2025年第1期68卷 67-74页

作者： Song He Li Li Sai Wang Shao-Jiang Wang Center for Theoretical Physics and College of Physics Jilin UniversityChangchun 130012China School of Physical Science and Technology Ningbo UniversityNingbo 315211China CAS Key Laboratory of Theoretical Physics Institute of Theoretical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China School of Fundamental Physics and Mathematical sciences Hangzhou Institute for Advanced StudyUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences(UCAS)Hangzhou 310024China Theoretical Physics division Institute of High Energy PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China School of Physical sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences(UCAS)Beijing 100049China Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics(Albert Einstein Institute) Am Muhlenberg 1Golm 14476Germany

The underlying physics of QCD phase transition in the early Universe remains largely unknown due to its strong-coupling nature during the quark-gluon plasma/hadron gas transition,yet a holographic model has been proposed to quantitatively fit the lattice QCD data while with its duration of the first-order phase transition(FoPT)left *** specific baryon chemical poten-tial,the first-order QCD phase transition agrees with the observational constraint of baryon ***,therefore,provides a scenario for phase transition gravitational waves(GWs)within the standard model of particle *** these background GWs could contribute dominantly to the recently claimed common-spectrum red noise from pulsar timing array(PTA)observations,the duration of this FoPT can be well constrained,and the associated primordial black holes are still allowed by current observations.

关键词： pulsar timing array QCD phase transition gravitational waves primordial black holes