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Ripening and rot:How ripening processes influence disease susceptibility in fleshy fruits

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2024年第9期66卷 1831-1863页

作者： Shan Li Yu Zhao Pan Wu Donald Grierson Lei Gao State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops Wuhan Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesWuhan 430074China University of Chinese Academy of sciences Beijing 100049China Plant and Crop sciences division School of BiosciencesUniversity of NottinghamSutton Bonington CampusLoughboroughLE125RDUK Hubei Hongshan Laboratory Wuhan 430070China

Fleshy fruits become more susceptible to pathogen infection when they ripen;for example,changes in cell wall properties related to softening make it easier for pathogens to infect *** need for high-quality fruit has driven extensive research on improving pathogen resistance in important fruit crops such as tomato(Solanum lycopersicum).In this review,we summarize current progress in understanding how changes in fruit properties during ripening affect infection by *** changes affect physical barriers that limit pathogen entry,such as the fruit epidermis and its cuticle,along with other defenses that limit pathogen growth,such as preformed and induced defense *** plant immune system also protects ripening fruit by recognizing pathogens and initiating defense responses involving reactive oxygen species production,mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling cascades,and jasmonic acid,salicylic acid,ethylene,and abscisic acid *** phytohormones regulate an intricate web of transcription factors(TFs)that activate resistance mechanisms,including the expression of pathogenesis-related *** tomato,ripening regulators,such as RIPENING INHIBITOR and NON_RIPENING,not only regulate ripening but also influence fruit defenses against ***,members of the ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR(ERF)family play pivotal and distinct roles in ripening and defense,with different members being regulated by different *** also discuss the interaction of ripening-related and defense-related TFs with the Mediator transcription *** the ripening processes in climacteric and non-climacteric fruits share many similarities,these processes have broad applications across fruiting *** research on the individual contributions of ERFs and other TFs will inform efforts to diminish disease susceptibility in ripe fruit,satisfy the growing demand for high-quality fruit and decrease food waste and related economic losses.

关键词： fleshy fruit pathogen phytohormones ripening transcription factors

O'Hare Airport roadway traffic prediction via data fusion and Gaussian process regression

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Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering(English Edition) 2024年第4期11卷 721-732页

作者： Damola M.Akinlana Arindam Fadikar Stefan M.Wild Natalia Zuniga-Garcia Joshua Auld Department of Mathematics and Statistics University of South FloridaTampaFL 33620USA Decision and Infrastructure sciences division Argonne National LaboratoryLemontIL 60439USA Applied Mathematics and Computational Research division Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCA 94720USA Department of Industrial Engineering and Management sciences Northwestern UniversityEvanstonIL 60208USA Argonne National Laboratory Energy SystemsLemontIL 60439USA

This study proposes an approach of leveraging information gathered from multiple traffic data sources at different resolutions to obtain approximate inference on the traffic distribution of Chicago's O'Hare Airport ***,it proposes the ingestion of traffic datasets at different resolutions to build spatiotemporal models for predicting the distribution of traffic volume on the road *** to its good adaptability and flexibility for spatiotemporal data,the Gaussian process(GP)regression was employed to provide short-term forecasts using data collected by loop detectors(sensors)and supplemented by telematics *** GP regression is used to make predictions of the distribution of the proportion of sensor data traffic volume represented by the telematics data for each location of the ***,the fitted GP model can be used to determine the approximate traffic distribution for a testing location outside of the training *** in the transportation sector can find the results of this work helpful for making informed decisions relating to current and future transportation conditions in the area.

关键词： Spatio-temporal Data fusion Gaussian process Multimodal data Airport traffic O'Hare Airport

Utilizing a metal-forging inspired chain combing strategy to enhance properties and expand applications of Nylon 66 plastic via heat inducing

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Nano Research 2024年第3期17卷 2164-2171页

作者： Junyu Yang Jiangwei Zhang Nan Wang Guangyuan Zhou division of Energy Materials Daglian Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesDalian 116023China Innovation Center of Energy Material and Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringInner Mongolia UniversityHohhot 010021China

The mechanical properties of engineering plastics can be enhanced through effective surface mechanical treatment(SMT),which can be applied to various types of engineering plastics,eliminating the limitations of conventional polymer processing and could potentially extend their applications and improve their performance and reliability as structural-functional *** by metal forging,this work proposes a simple and effective SMT strategy to enhance the mechanical properties of polyamide 66(PA66).Tensile tests have shown that SMTed PA66 samples exhibit significant improvements in both Young’s modulus and ultimate tensile strength(UTS),with a 2104 MPa Young’s modulus,almost double that of the pristine samples,and a 35.56%increase in UTS,reaching 183 ***,the modulus within the localized SMTed surface layer could reach up to 14 GPa,which is approximately 14 times higher than that of the pristine *** Vickers hardness within the localized SMTed surface layer can be doubled,reaching 10.72 Hv,and the crystallinity can increase by approximately 20%compared to the untreated ***,force field molecular dynamics(FFMD)simulations were conducted to investigate the ternary relationship between the SMT method,PA66’s molecular structure,and its *** combination of MD simulations and versatile structural characterizations provides evidence that the SMT method’s mechanism,under heat induction,results in a chain-combing procedure that changes the polymer’s molecular morphology microscopically and enhances its mechanical properties macroscopically.

关键词： Nylon 66 mechanical properties hardness crystallinity structural characterizations molecular dynamics simulation

Investigation and Mitigation of Carbon Deposition over Copper Catalyst during Electrochemical CO_(2)Reduction

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Precision Chemistry 2024年第4期2卷 151-160页

作者： Jing-Wen DuanMu Zhi-Zheng Wu Fei-Yue Gao Peng-Peng Yang Zhuang-Zhuang Niu Yu-Cai Zhang Li-Ping Chi Min-Rui Gao division of Nanomaterials and Chemistry Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the MicroscaleUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China

Copper(Cu)is considered to be the most effective catalyst for electrochemical conversion of carbon dioxide(CO_(2))into value-added hydrocarbons,but its stability still faces considerable ***,we report the poisoning effect of carbon deposition during CO_(2)reduction on the active sites of Cu electrodea critical deactivation factor that is often *** find that,*C,an intermediate toward methane formation,could desorb on the electrode surface to form carbon *** reveal a strong correlation between the formation of methane and the carbon deposition,and the reaction conditions favoring methane production result in more carbon *** deposited carbon blocks the active sites and consequently causes rapid deterioration of the catalytic *** further demonstrate that the carbon deposition can be mitigated by increasing the roughness of the electrode and increasing the pH of the *** work offers a new guidance for designing more stable catalysts for CO_(2)reduction.

关键词： carbon deposition roughness in situ spectrum CO_(2)electroreduction copper catalyst

Elucidating regulatory processes of intense physical activity by multi-omics analysis

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Military Medical Research 2024年第4期11卷 479-499页

作者： Ernesto S.Nakayasu Marina A.Gritsenko Young-Mo Kim Jennifer E.Kyle Kelly G.Stratton Carrie D.Nicora Nathalie Munoz Kathleen M.Navarro Daniel Claborne Yuqian Gao Karl K.Weitz Vanessa L.Paurus Kent J.Bloodsworth Kelsey A.Allen Lisa M.Bramer Fernando Montes Kathleen A.Clark Grant Tietje Justin Teeguarden Kristin E.Burnum-Johnson Biological sciences division Pacific Northwest National LaboratoryRichlandWA 99352USA Environmental and Molecular sciences division Pacific Northwest National LaboratoryRichlandWA 99352USA Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Institute for Occupational Safety and HealthWestern States DivisionDenverCO 80204USA Computational Analytics division Pacific Northwest National LaboratoryRichlandWA 99352USA National Security Directorate Pacific Northwest National LaboratoryRichlandWA 99352USA Los Angeles County Fire Department Los AngelesCA 90063USA Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Institute for Occupational Safety and HealthRespiratory Health DivisionMorgantownWV 26505USA Environmental and Molecular Toxicology Oregon State UniversityCorvallisOR 97331USA

Background:Physiological and biochemical processes across tissues of the body are regulated in response to the high demands of intense physical activity in several occupations,such as firefighting,law enforcement,military,and sports.A better understanding of such processes can ultimately help improve human performance and prevent illnesses in the work ***:To study regulatory processes in intense physical activity simulating real-life conditions,we performed a multi-omics analysis of 3 biofluids(blood plasma,urine,and saliva)collected from 11 wildland firefighters before and after a 45 min,intense exercise *** profiles ***-exercise were compared by Student’s t-test followed by pathway analysis and comparison between the different omics ***:Our multi-omics analysis identified and quantified 3835 proteins,730 lipids and 182 metabolites combining the 3 different types of *** blood plasma analysis revealed signatures of tissue damage and acute repair response accompanied by enhanced carbon metabolism to meet energy *** urine analysis showed a strong,concomitant regulation of 6 out of 8 identified proteins from the renin-angiotensin system supporting increased excretion of catabolites,reabsorption of nutrients and maintenance of fluid *** saliva,we observed a decrease in 3 pro-inflammatory cytokines and an increase in 8 antimicrobial peptides.A systematic literature review identified 6 papers that support an altered susceptibility to respiratory ***:This study shows simultaneous regulatory signatures in biofluids indicative of homeostatic maintenance during intense physical activity with possible effects on increased infection susceptibility,suggesting that caution against respiratory diseases could benefit workers on highly physical demanding jobs.

关键词： Multi-omics analysis Intense exercise Human performance Biofluids Metabolism Immunity

Studying large biomolecules as sedimented solutes with solid-state NMR

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Biophysics Reports 2024年第4期10卷 201-212页

作者： Fan Shi Tong Zhang Juan Li Chaowei Shi Shengqi Xiang MOE Key Lab for Cellular Dynamics School of Life Sciences Division of Life Sciences and Medicine University of Science and Technology of China Hefei National Laboratory for Physical sciences at Microscale University of Science and Technology of China

Sedimentation solid-state NMR is a novel method for sample preparation in solid-state NMR（ssNMR）studies. It involves the sedimentation of soluble macromolecules such as large protein complexes. By utilizing ultra-high centrifugal forces, the molecules in solution are driven into a high-concentrated hydrogel, resulting in a sample suitable for solid-state NMR. This technique has the advantage of avoiding the need for chemical treatment, thus minimizing the loss of sample biological activity. Sediment ssNMR has been successfully applied to a variety of non-crystalline protein solids, significantly expanding the scope of solid-state NMR research. In theory, using this method, any biological macromolecule in solution can be transferred into a sedimented solute appropriate for solid-state NMR analysis. However, specialized equipment and careful handling are essential for effectively collecting and loading the sedimented solids to solid-state NMR rotors. To improve efficiency, we have designed a series of loading tools to achieve the loading process from the solution to the rotor in one step. In this paper, we illustrate the sample preparation process of sediment NMR using the H1.4-NCP167complex, which consists of linker histone H1.4 and nucleosome core particle, as an example.

关键词： Sedimentation NMR Solid-state NMR Ultracentrifugation Magic angle spinning Nucleosome

Generating Baikal-GVD high energy cascade-like neutrino events with a GEANT4-based simulation toolkit

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Chinese Physics C 2024年第10期48卷 256-263页

作者： Zike Wang A.D.Avrorin Zhen Cao Mingjun Chen Peiyuan Chu Zh.-A.M.Dzhilkibaev Bo Gao Tianqi Huang Jiali Liu Ying Qi Xiaohao You D.N.Zaborov Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics Experimental Physics division&Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China University of Chinese Academy of sciences Beijing 100049China Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of sciences Moscow 117312Russia TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center Chengdu 610213China School of Science Tibet UniversityLhasa 850000China

Using the GEANT4 and Cosmic Ray Monte Carlo(CRMC)software packages,we developed a new simulation toolkit for astrophysical neutrino *** configuring the Baikal-GVD detector and comparing the vertex position and direction of incident particles,as well as the channel-by-channel signals,to the events detected by Baikal-GVD,we successfully generated 13 high-energy cascade neutrino events with the *** analysis revealed a systematic offset between the reconstructed shower position and the true interaction position,with a distance close to the scale of the shower maximum of−0.54±1.29 *** achieved a good linear relationship between the photoelectron number of neutrino events obtained by simulation and the real data measured by *** simulation toolkit could serve as a reliable basis for studying the performance of astrophysical neutrino telescopes.

关键词： high-energy neutrino cascade event simulation Cherenkov

Anticipating the lifespan: Predicting the durability of an anode-supported solid oxide fuel cell short stack over 50,000 h

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2024年第3期34卷 606-613页

作者： Muhammad Zubair Khan Amjad Hussain Seung-Bok Lee Tak-Hyoung Lim Rak-Hyun Song Department of Materials Science & Engineering Pak-Austria Fachhochschule: Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology Hydrogen Energy Research division Korea Institute of Energy Research Department of Advanced Energy and System Engineering Korea University of Science and Technology (UST)

In the present study, the operational lifetime of a solid oxide fuel(SOFC) short stack is predicted by investigating the performance degradation of both the short stack and its cells throughout 1000 h at 800°C. The short stack and integral cell voltages are continuously measured during the long-term test, with electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS) conducted every 200 h. The short stack voltage decreased rapidly for the initial 200–300 h and afterwards, it decreased at a slow rate due to the increase in the Ohmic and polarization resistances in the same manner. Scanning electron microscopy results show that there is no delamination or cracking among constituent layers of the short-stack cells. The single degradation effects of the Ni coarsening in the anode, cation migration and surface segregation in cathode and oxide scale growth in metallic interconnect mesh are successfully integrated into a comprehensive lifetime prediction model. The experimentally measured voltage degradation data of the short stack fits well with the developed mathematical model and allows the successful prediction of the lifetime up to 50,000 h.

关键词： Degradation Impedance Lifetime SOFC Stack

On the superconvergence of a WG method for the elliptic problem with variable coefficients

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Science China Mathematics 2024年第8期67卷 1899-1910页

作者： Junping Wang Xiaoshen Wang Xiu Ye Shangyou Zhang Peng Zhu division of Mathematical sciences National Science FoundationAlexandriaVA 22314USA Department of Mathematics University of Arkansas at Little RockLittle RockAR 72204USA Department of Mathematical sciences University of DelawareNewarkDE 19716USA College of Data Science Jiaxing UniversityJiaxing 314001China

This article extends a recently developed superconvergence result for weak Galerkin(WG)approximations for modeling partial differential equations from constant coefficients to variable *** superconvergence features a rate that is two orders higher than the optimal-order error estimates in the usual energy and L^(2)*** extension from constant to variable coefficients for the modeling equations is highly *** underlying technical analysis is based on a sequence of projections and *** results confirm the superconvergence theory for second-order elliptic problems with variable coefficients.

关键词： weak Galerkin finite element methods superconvergence second-order elliptic problems stabilizerfree