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High-performance and robust high-temperature polymer electrolyte membranes with moderate microphase separation by implementation of terphenyl-based polymers

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第5期92卷 572-578页

作者： Jinyuan Li Congrong Yang Haojiang Lin Jicai Huang Suli Wang Gongquan Sun division of fuel cells and battery Dalian National Laboratory for Clean EnergyDalian Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesDalian 116023LiaoningChina Key Laboratory of fuel cells&Hybrid Power Sources Chinese Academy of SciencesDalian 116023LiaoningChina University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100039China

Acid loss and plasticization of phosphoric acid(PA)-doped high-temperature polymer electrolyte membranes(HT-PEMs)are critical limitations to their practical application in fuel cells.To overcome these barriers,poly(terphenyl piperidinium)s constructed from the m-and p-isomers of terphenyl were synthesized to regulate the microstructure of the membrane.Highly rigid p-terphenyl units prompt the formation of moderate PA aggregates,where the ion-pair interaction between piperidinium and biphosphate is reinforced,leading to a reduction in the plasticizing effect.As a result,there are trade-offs between the proton conductivity,mechanical strength,and PA retention of the membranes with varied m/p-isomer ratios.The designed PA-doped PTP-20m membrane exhibits superior ionic conductivity,good mechanical strength,and excellent PA retention over a wide range of temperature(80–160°C)as well as satisfactory resistance to harsh accelerated aging tests.As a result,the membrane presents a desirable combination of performance(1.462 W cm^(-2) under the H_(2)/O_(2)condition,which is 1.5 times higher than that of PBI-based membrane)and durability(300 h at 160°C and 0.2 A cm^(-2))in the fuel cell.The results of this study provide new insights that will guide molecular design from the perspective of microstructure to improve the performance and robustness of HT-PEMs.

关键词： fuel cell High-temperature polymer electrolyte membranes Microphase separation Poly(terphenyl piperidinium)s Phosphoric acid

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The viscous strip approach to simplify the calculation of the surface acoustic wave generated streaming

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2024年第4期45卷 711-724页

作者： F.JAZINI DORCHEH M.GHASSEMI fuel cells and Nano Systems(FCNS)Laboratory Department of Mechanical EngineeringK.N.Toosi University of TechnologyTehran 19697Iran

In recent decades,the importance of surface acoustic waves,as a biocompatible tool to integrate with microfluidics,has been proven in various medical and biological applications.The numerical modeling of acoustic streaming caused by surface acoustic waves in microchannels requires the effect of viscosity to be considered in the equations which complicates the solution.In this paper,it is shown that the major contribution of viscosity and the horizontal component of actuation is concentrated in a narrow region alongside the actuation boundary.Since the inviscid equations are considerably easier to solve,a division into the viscous and inviscid domains would alleviate the computational load significantly.The particles'traces calculated by this approximation are excellently alongside their counterparts from the completely viscous model.It is also shown that the optimum thickness for the viscous strip is about 9-fold the acoustic boundary layer thickness for various flow patterns and amplitudes of actuation.

关键词： surface acoustic wave microfluidics numerical simulation particle tracing acoustic streaming

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A strategy based on water soluble coal tar pitches to construct MnO_(2)@C composite materials with high electrochemical performance

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2024年第1期67卷 311-320页

作者： LIU Bo WANG Kun GUO ZhaoQi HAN BeiBei XU GuiYing JU DongYing AN BaiGang LI YongCheng NI ZhenYong ZHOU WeiMin Key Laboratory of Energy Materials and Electrochemistry Research Liaoning Province University of Science and Technology LiaoningAnshan 114051China Advanced Science Research Laboratory Saitama Institute of TechnologyFusaiji 1690Japan Liaoning Starry Sky Sodium battery Co. Ltd.Anshan 114051China Sinosteel Anshan Research Institute of Thermo-Energy Co. Ltd.Anshan 114051China State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea Hainan Provincial Key Lab of Fine ChemistrySchool of Chemical Engineering and TechnologyHainan UniversityHaikou 570228China Key Laboratory of Advanced fuel cells and Electrolyzers Technology of Zhejiang Province Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and EngineeringChinese Academy of SciencesNingbo 315201China

The water soluble coal tar pitches(WS-CTPs)were successfully prepared and used to construct the MnO_(2)@C composite materials by a hydrothermal method.It is interestingly observed that the structures and morphologies of MnO_(2)@C materials can be controlled by controlling the dosages of WS-CTPs and KMnO4.Meanwhile,it is aware that MnO_(2)exists in the MnO_(2)@C materials in an amorphous state.Compared with MnO_(2),MnO_(2)@C materials output a remarkable improvement in electrochemical performance.For instance,MnO_(2)@C-0.3 shows the storage capacity at 965.7 mA h g^(−1)after 300 cycles at a current density of 0.1 A g^(−1).In addition,after 600 cycles at a current density of 1.0 A g^(−1),the storage capacity of MnO_(2)@C-0.3 still keeps 450.3 mA h g^(−1),indicating that MnO_(2)@C-0.3 owns tremendous cycle stability at a high current density.In view of the fact that the coal tar pitches possess great cost advantages,the strategy of using WS-CTPs as a carbon source to cover the metal oxides is a competitive way to expand the application of metal oxides in the fabrication of electrodes of LIBs.

关键词： water soluble coal tar pitches MnO_(2) composite materials lithium ion batteries(LIBs) energy storage systems(ESSs) coal tar pitches

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Correlation between hydration properties and electrochemical performances on Ln cation size effect in layered perovskite for protonic ceramic fuel cells

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第1期88卷 1-9,I0001页

作者： Inhyeok Cho Jiwon Yun Boseok Seong Junseok Kim Sun Hee Choi Ho-Il Ji Sihyuk Choi Department of Mechanical Engineering Kumoh National Institute of TechnologyGumi 39177GyeongbukRepublic of Korea Department of Aeronautics Mechanical and Electronic Convergence EngineeringKumoh National Institute of TechnologyGumi 39177GyeongbukRepublic of Korea Center for Energy Materials Research Korea Institute of Science and Technology(KIST)Seoul 02792Republic of Korea Center for Hydrogen and fuel Cell Research Clean Technology Research DivisionKorea Institute of Science and Technology(KIST)Seoul 02792Republic of Korea Department of Energy and Environmental Engineering University of Science and TechnologySeoul 02792Republic of Korea Nanomaterials Science and Engineering Korea University of Science and Technology(UST)KIST CampusSeoul 02792Republic of Korea

PrBa_(0.5)Sr_(0.5)Co_(1.5)Fe_(0.5)O_(5+δ)(PrBSCF) has attracted much research interest as a potential triple ionic and electronic conductor(TIEC) electrode for protonic ceramic fuel cells(PCFCs). The chemical formula for Pr BSCF is AA'B_(2)O_(5+δ), with Pr(A-site) and Ba/Sr(A'-site) alternately stacked along the c-axis. Due to these structural features, the bulk oxygen ion diffusivity is significantly enhanced through the disorder-free channels in the PrO layer;thus, the A site cations(lanthanide ions) play a pivotal role in determining the overall electrochemical properties of layered perovskites. Consequently, previous research has predominantly focused on the electrical properties and oxygen bulk/surface kinetics of Ln cation effects,whereas the hydration properties for PCFC systems remain unidentified. Here, we thoroughly examined the proton uptake behavior and thermodynamic parameters for the hydration reaction to conclusively determine the changes in the electrochemical performances depending on LnBa_(0.5)Sr_(0.5)Co_(1.5)Fe_(0.5)O_(5+δ)(LnBSCF,Ln=Pr, Nd, and Gd) cathodes. At 500 ℃, the quantitative proton concentration of PrBSCF was 2.04 mol% and progressively decreased as the Ln cation size decreased. Similarly, the Gibbs free energy indicated that less energy was required for the formation of protonic defects in the order of Pr BSCF < Nd BSCF < Gd BSCF. To elucidate the close relationship between hydration properties and electrochemical performances in LnBSCF cathodes, PCFC single cell measurements and analysis of the distribution of relaxation time were further investigated.

关键词： Protonic ceramic fuel cell Cathode Triple ionic and electronic conductor Hydration property Proton uptake Gibbs free energy

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Facile controlled synthesis of hierarchically structured mesoporous Li_(4)Ti_(5)O_(12)/C/rGO composites as high-performance anode of lithium-ion batteries

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Frontiers in Energy 2022年第4期16卷 607-612页

作者： Cehuang FU Shuiyun SHEN Ruofei WU Xiaohui YAN Guofeng XIA Junliang ZHANG Institute of fuel cells Key Laboratory of Power and Machinery EngineeringSchool of Mechanical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China

t In this paper,a facile strategy is proposed to controllably synthesize mesoporous Li_(4)Ti_(5)O_(12)/C nanocomposite embedded in graphene matrix as lithium-ion battery anode via the co-assembly of Li_(4)Ti_(5)O_(12)(LTO)precursor,GO,and phenolic resin.The obtained composites,which consists of a LTO core,a phenolic-resin-based carbon shell,and a porous frame constructed by rGO,can be denoted as LTO/C/rGO and presents a hierarchical structure.Owing to the advantages of the hierarchical structure,including a high surface area and a high electric conductivity,the mesoporous LTO/C/rGO composite exhibits a greatly improved rate capability as the anode material in contrast to the conventional LTO electrode.

关键词： Li_(4)Ti_(5)O_(12) phenolic-resin-based carbon mesoporous composite graphene

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Recent progress on mechanisms,principles,and strategies for high-activity and high-stability non-PGM fuel cell catalyst design

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Carbon Energy 2024年第5期6卷 25-52页

作者： Yuping Yuan Yun Zheng Dan Luo Weibin Qiu Jiantao Wang Xin Wang Zhongwei Chen GRINM(Guangdong)Institute of New Materials Technology FoshanChina Department of Chemical Engineering Waterloo Institute for NanotechnologyWaterloo Institute for Sustainable EnergyUniversity of WaterlooWaterlooOntarioCanada Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Functional Materials and Devices School of Information and Optoelectronic Science and EngineeringSouth China Normal UniversityGuangdongChina National Power battery Innovation Center GRINM Group Co.Ltd.BeijingChina

The commercialization of a polymer membrane H2-O2 fuel cell and its widespread use call for the development of cost-effective oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)nonplatinum group metal(NPGM)catalysts.Nevertheless,to meet the requests for the real-world fuel cell application and replacing platinum catalysts,it still needs to address some challenges for NPGM catalysts regarding the sluggish ORR kinetics in the cathode and their poor durability in acidic environment.In response to these issues,numerous efforts have been made to study NPGM catalysts both theoretically and experimentally,developed these into the atomically dispersed coordinated metal-nitrogen-carbon(M-N-C)form over the past decades.In this review,we present a comprehensive summary of recent advancements on NPGM catalysts with high activity and durability.Catalyst design strategies in terms of optimizing active-site density and enhancing catalyst stability against demetalization and carbon corrosion are highlighted.It is also emphasized the importance of understanding the mechanisms and principles behind those strategies through a combination of theoretical modeling and experimental work.Especially,further understanding the mechanisms related to the active-site structure and the formation process of the single-atom active site under pyrolysis conditions is critical for active-site engineering.Optimizing the active-site distance is the basic principle for improving catalyst activity through increasing the catalyst active-site density.Theoretical studies for the catalyst deactivation mechanism and modeling stable active-site structures provide both mechanisms and principles to improve the NPGM catalyst durability.Finally,currently remained challenges and perspectives in the future on designing high-performance atomically dispersed NPGM catalysts toward fuel cell application are discussed.

关键词： batteries electrocatalysis energy storage and conversion fuel cells

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Experimental measurement of proton conductivity and electronic conductivity of membrane electrode assembly for proton exchange membrane fuel cells

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2020年第6期30卷 912-917页

作者： Ruili Sun Zhangxun Xia Congrong Yang Fenning Jing Suli Wang Gongquan Sun division of fuel cells and battery Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of fuel cells & Hybrid Power Sources Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

Charge transport processes involving the proton migration and electron transfer for different parts of membrane electrode assemble(MEA) play an essential role for developing the novel electrode and enhancing the electrochemical performance towards proton exchange membrane fuel cells(PEMFCs). However, the coupled charge transport processes make it difficult for evaluating proton conductivity and electronic conductivity of different parts in MEAs under operation conditions of fuel cells. Here in this work, we propose an experiment approach for separating the electronic conductivity and proton conductivity of different components of MEA at the operating conditions of PEMFCs. This approach involves two different measuring devices, which both consist of electron or proton conducting layers, sealing layers and sample layer, followed by tailoring the thickness of sample layers and via electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS) to quantity the electronic conductivity and proton conductivity of different layers. These experiment results show the great potential in the development of different components of MEA.

关键词： Proton exchange membrane fuel cells Membrane electrode assembly Proton conductivity Electronic conductivity

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Water-induced electrode poisoning and the mitigation strategy for high temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2022年第6期31卷 569-575,I0016页

作者： Zinan Zhang Zhangxun Xia Jicai Huang Fenning Jing Suli Wang Gongquan Sun division of fuel Cell&battery Dalian National Laboratory for Clean EnergyDalian Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesDalian 116023LiaoningChina University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Key Laboratory of fuel Cell&Hybrid Power Sources Dalian Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesDalian 116023LiaoningChina

Engineering failure of membrane electrode assembly caused by increasingly fuel poisoning in the high temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells fed with humidified reformate gases is firstly demonstrated herein this work. Based on the results of the in-situ environmental scanning electron microscope, electrochemical analyses, and limiting current method, a water-induced phosphoric acid invasion model is constructed in the porous electrode to elucidate the failure causations of the hindered hydrogen mass transport and the enhanced carbon monoxide poisoning. To optimize the phosphoric acid distribution under the inevitably humidified circumstance, a facile and effective strategy of constructing acid-proofed electrode is proposed and demonstrates outstanding stability with highly humidified reformate gases as anode fuel. This work discusses a potential defect that was rarely studied previously under practical working circumstance for high temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells, providing an alternative opinion of electrode design based on the fundamental aspects towards the engineering problems.

关键词： High temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells Reformate gases Phosphoric acid Porous electrode Interface structure

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Half‑Power Prediction and Its Application on the Energy Management Strategy for fuel Cell City Bus

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Automotive Innovation 2023年第1期6卷 131-142页

作者： Longhai Zhang Lina Ning Xueqing Yang Sheng Zeng Tian Yuan Gaopeng Li Changchun Ke Junliang Zhang Institute of fuel cells School of Mechanical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong University800 Dongchuan RoadShanghai 200240China Yutong Bus Co LtdZhengzhou 450016China

The fuel cell hybrid powertrain is a potential power supply system for fuel cell vehicles.The underlying problem is that the fuel cell vehicles encounter exhaustive hydrogen consumption.To effectively manage hydrogen consumption,the aim is to propose fuel cell city bus power and control system.The underlying idea is to determine the target power of fuel cell through simulation study on fuel cell and battery energy management strategy and road test verifications.A half-power prediction energy management strategy is implemented to predict the target power of the fuel cell in the current time step based on the demand power of the vehicle and the state of charge(SOC)of the battery in the previous time steps.This offers better understanding of the correlation between fuel cell power and vehicle drive cycle for enabling effective power supply management.The research results show that the half-power prediction energy management strategy effectively reduces the hydrogen consumption of the vehicle by 7.1%and the number of battery cycle by 6.0%,compared to the stepped manage-ment strategy of battery SOC.When applied to a 12-m fuel cell city bus—F12,specially designed and manufactured for the Winter Olympic Games in 2022—the fuel economy of 3.7 kg/100 km is achieved in urban road conditions.This study lays a foundation for providing the powertrain configuration and energy management strategy of fuel cell city bus.

关键词： fuel cell city bus Energy management Half-power prediction

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Nanostructured ultrathin catalyst layer with ordered platinum nanotube arrays for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2020年第4期29卷 33-39页

作者： Ruoyi Deng Zhangxun Xia Ruili Sun Suli Wang Gongquan Sun division of fuel cells and battery Dalian National Laboratory for Clean EnergyDalian Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesDalian 116023LiaoningChina University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

Fabrication of novel electrode architectures with nanostructured ultrathin catalyst layers is an effective strategy to improve catalyst utilization and enhance mass transport for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs).Herein,we report the design and construction of a nanostructured ultrathin catalyst layer with ordered Pt nanotube arrays,which were obtained by a hard-template strategy based on ZnO,via hydrothermal synthesis and magnetron sputtering for PEMFC application.Because of the crystallographically preferential growth of Pt (111) facets,which was attributed to the structural effects of ZnO nanoarrays on the Pt nanotubes,the catalyst layers exhibit obviously higher electrochemical activity with remarkable enhancement of specific activity and mass transport compared with the state-of-the-art randomly distributed Pt/C catalyst layer.The PEMFC fabricated with the as-prepared catalyst layer composed of optimized Pt nanotubes with an average diameter of 90(±10) nm shows excellent performance with a peak power density of 6.0W/mgPt at 1 A/cm^2,which is 11.6%greater than that of the conventional Pt/C electrode.

关键词： Catalyst layer Membrane electrode assembly Platinum nanotube arrays fuel cells

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