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Moisture Absorption, Mass Loss and Evaporative Resistance of Clothing in Transient Condition

Journal of Donghua University(English Edition) 2006年第5期23卷 54-58页

作者： Chuansi Gao Ingvar Holmr The Thermal Environment Laboratory Division of Ergonomics Department of Design Sciences Faculty of Engineering Lund University Box 118 22100 Lund Sweden

The water vapour resistance of clothing ensembles is not as commonly determined as dry thermal insulation. The measurement techniques are more complicated and the measurement values differ among laboratories. Due to complicated moisture transfer process through clothing ensemble, the moisture absorbed and evaporated varies in transient and steady state phases depending on properties, thickness of clothing, and environmental conditions. The purpose of this study was to measure moisture gain inside hygroscopic underwear, and hydrophobic and permeable outer wear as a function of time, to investigate mass loss from ＂skin＂ as well as from the manikin, to quantify evaporative heat loss and total heat loss from the manikin, and to determine water vaponr resistance of clothing. Manikin Tore was used by wearing wet ＂skin＂ to simulate sweating condition. Moisture content in the inner garment gain shows an exponential relation against time. Moisture in the outer permeable layer shows little gain. On the contrary, mass loss directly from the wet skin decreases exponentially. The mass loss from the manikin is relatively stable throughout three test phases. The evaporative heat loss is about 2/3 of the total heat loss from the sweating manikin. While measuring the evaporative resistance of clothing ensembles with hygroscopic inner garment and permeable outer garment, unlike to measure ensembles with impermeable outer layer, one hour measurement time is enough to get relatively stable results. The variation between the 1^rt hour and the 3^nd hour is less than 5%. The length of transient period and measurement time is dependent on the permeability, thickness of clothing ensembles and environmental conditions.

关键词： moisture absorption mass loss evaporative resistance transient condition clothing ensemble.

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Variability in Activities and Postures during Electronic Assembly Work Assessed by Video-based Analysis System:A Preliminary Study

Variability in Activities and Postures during Electronic Ass...

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The 6th Pan-Pacific Conference on Occupational ergonomics

作者： Montakarn Chaikumarn division of Industrial ergonomics Department of Human Work Sciences Lulea University of TechnologySWEDEN

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the variability of the analyst, the variability between and within operators by using a video-based computer analysissystem, called ’Videolys’. Activity and posture analyses were done. Three operators from an electronic factory participated who were performing manual assembly work at one workstation. The results showed that the variability of the analyst was low. The variability between operators was higher than within operators’ variability. Sources of analyst’s variability came from the difficulty to see the operator’s hand in activity analysis, to see the reference point in the posture analysis. The variability between and within operators came from many sources;these were individual techniques, work sequences, work pace,

关键词： Variability Activity analysis Posture analysis Video-based analysis Production system Electronic assembly Observation method

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Slacklining:An explanatory multi-dimensional model considering classical mechanics,biopsychosocial health and time

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2021年第3期12卷 102-118页

作者： Charles Philip Gabel Bernard Guy Hamid Reza Mokhtarinia Markus Melloh Department of Physiotherapy Access PhysiotherapyCoolum Beach 4573Australia Ecole des Mines de Saint-Etienne Industrial and Natural Processes DivisionSaint Etienne 4200LoireFrance Department of ergonomics University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation SciencesTehran 12345Iran School of Health Professions Institute of Health SciencesZurich University of Applied SciencesWinterthur 8400Switzerland

This paper aims to overcome slacklining’s limited formulated explanatory *** is an activity with increasing recreational use,but also has progressive adoption into prehabilitation and *** is achieved through self-learned strategies that optimize energy expenditure without conceding dynamic stability,during the neuromechanical action of balance retention on a tightened *** from rope-walking or‘Funambulus’,slacklining has an extensive history,yet limited and only recent published research,particularly for clinical interventions and in-depth hypothesized multi-dimensional models describing the neuromechanical control ***‘knowledge-gaps’can be overcome by providing an,explanatory model,that evolves and progresses existing standards,and explains the broader circumstances of slacklining’s *** model details the individual’s capacity to employ control strategies that achieve stability,functional movement and progressive technical *** model considers contributing entities derived from:Self-learned control of movement patterns;subjected to classical mechanical forces governed by Newton’s physical laws;influenced by biopsychosocial health factors;and within time’s multi-faceted perspectives,including as a quantified unit and as a spatial and cortical ***,specific patient and situational uses may be initiated within the framework of evidence based medicine that ensures a multi-tiered context of slacklining applications in movement,balance and *** research is required to investigate and mathematically define this proposed model and potentially enable an improved understanding of human functional *** will include its application in other diverse constructed and mechanical applications in varied environments,automation levels,robotics,mechatronics and artificial-intelligence factors,including machine learning related to movement phenotypes and applications.

关键词： Slacklining Model Human movement Biopsychosocial Time

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Ergonomic Aspects of Operation of IT Systems in Precision Agriculture

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Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering 2011年第12期5卷 1662-1667页

作者： T. Juliszewski M. Walczykova Institute of Machinery Management Ergonomics and Production Processes Faculty of Production and Power Engineering University of Agriculture Krakow 12 Poland

The operation of IT systems is a sine qua non condition in precision agriculture. In the traditional approach, professional competencies of a farmer comprise the ability to operate machines and technical equipment in production technologies for biological raw materials. Precision agriculture increases this range of professional competencies with the ability to use computer IT systems that are complex and, by their very nature, much differing in their content and scope from typical farming knowledge. The ergonomic problem can be brought down to determination whether the operation of IT systems in precision agriculture is adjusted to the predispositions, needs and skills of the farmers. Generally, in the IT system of precision agriculture, three phases can be differentiated： data collection, processing and application. To what extent should they be operated by the farmer, and to what extent by the IT specialist, is the problem that determines effective functioning of precision farming. The ergonomic assessment of some software for equipment operation, generation of harvesting maps and applications points to：（1） the need for standardisation in construction and operation of IT systems; （2） the division of the function-farmer and IT specialist （e.g. from an agriculture consulting institution） in the precision agriculture system.

关键词： Operating specialist hardware and software ergonomic assessment need for standardisation.

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Evaluating concrete casting tasks through ergonomic risk assessment methods

Evaluating concrete casting tasks through ergonomic risk ass...

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第十七届国际工效学大会暨中国人类工效学会成立20周年庆祝大会

作者： Romuald Rwamamara division of Architecture and Infrastructure Lule University of Technology

Many of those working on construction sites are exposed to demanding work loads;construction workers lift and carry heavy loads and work in awkward work *** injuries and accidents due to poor ergonomics are more common in the construction *** the decreasing trend of work-related injuries reported in the last seven years,musculoskeletal injuries are still the most common injury in the Swedish construction industry(65% of all cases).In Sweden,it is reported that concrete workers have the highest relative work-related musculoskeletal injury *** aim of the study presented in this paper is to find practical methods to evaluate and compare different production methods from an ergonomic *** study focused on the production of cast-in-place concrete bridge constructions where traditional concrete casting method is compared with the SCC(Self-Compacting concrete) casting *** identify work-related musculoskeletal injury risks due to concrete casting work tasks,QEC(Quick Exposure Check for musculoskeletal risks) and PLIBEL(Checklist for identification for ergonomics Hazards) methods were *** study results have shown that industrialized concrete casting(***-compacting concrete(SCC) casting) has an ergonomic advantage over the traditional concrete casting as the SCC casting does not require concrete vibration and awkward work postures that goes along with *** risks analysis methods QEC and PLIBEL have both shown capabilities to evaluate construction work activities and thus determine whether a construction work activity constitutes a musculoskeletal risk to the worker or not before any ergonomic intervention is introduced.

关键词： work-related musculoskeletal construction industry concrete casting concrete workers ergonomic risk assessment

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Benefits of laptop computer ergonomics education to graduate students

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Open Journal of Therapy and Rehabilitation 2014年第1期2卷 25-32页

作者： Peter J. Bowman Katharine D. Braswell Jessica R. Cohen Jenna L. Funke Hannah L. Landon Paloma I. Martinez Julie N. Mossbarger division of Occupational Therapy College of Health Professions Medical University of South Carolina Charleston USA

Laptop computers are used more often than desktop computers, especially among graduate students. Many common laptop habits can have severe physiological effects on the user ranging from eye strain, poor posture, upper extremity pain, and overuse injuries. Thus, it is important to educate students on the best ergonomic position to use laptops. This study investigates the efficacy of a laptop ergonomic education session and its effects on graduate students’ knowledge and behaviors regarding proper laptop use. A convenience sample of control and experimental groups was used and consisted of 83 occupational therapy (OT), 63 physical therapy (PT), and 26 nurse anesthesia (NA) graduate students. The sample size was 172, with 94 graduate students in the control group and 78 graduate students in the experimental. All study participants completed an initial ergonomics questionnaire. The experimental group was given an ergonomics education session following the questionnaire. Approximately 4 weeks after both groups completed the initial questionnaire;a follow up questionnaire was administered. Results showed that subjects demonstrated a statistically significant improvement in ergonomics knowledge after they completed the ergonomic educational session. Some participants reported making adaptations to laptop positioning and equipment use following the educational session. Thus, participating in ergonomic education can positively influence awareness of body mechanics relative to laptop workstation design.

关键词： Laptop ergonomics Education Posture

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Analysis of Design Approach for Navy Weapon System Operation Environment

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Journal of Computer and Communications 2016年第5期4卷 92-97页

作者： Seungju Baek Suhwan Kim Eunghyun Lee Yongjin James Kwon Department of Industrial Engineering Ajou University Suwon South Korea 1st division 3rd Department Agency for Defense Development Daejeon South Korea

This study is a preparation phase for visualization of utilized information using ergonomic user interface and standardization of elements for anti-air weapon system. Therefore, we investigated the instances of Navy Weapon System operation environment for defense advanced country. Based on the collected data, we compared and analyzed the weapon system operation environment design. Ultimately, it is essential to share a variety of battle field conditions such as enemy threat, enemy/friendly information, terrain information that can be effectively recognized. In this paper, we conduct case study for ergonomically development of Operation Environment. It is expected that this research improves the situational awareness and reduces the operator’s task load.

关键词： Navy Weapon System Situation Awareness Task Load Human Machine Interface (HMI) ergonomics

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制造业工人肌肉骨骼疾患发生模式及影响因素

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北京大学学报（医学版） 2020年第3期52卷 535-540页

作者：王富江金旭娜扎开提·买买提董一丹王世娟张忠彬余善法杨丽云何丽华北京大学公共卫生学院劳动卫生与环境卫生学系北京100191 黔东南民族职业技术学院贵州凯里556000 国家卫生健康委职业安全卫生研究中心北京102308 河南医学高等专科学校郑州451191 Institute of Environmental Medicine Karolinska Institutet Stockholm 171 77 Sweden division of ergonomics KTH Royal Institute of Technology Huddinge 141 57 Sweden

目的:探讨制造业工人工作相关肌肉骨骼疾患(work-related musculoskeletal disorders,WMSDs)在多个部位的发生模式及其影响因素。方法:应用肌肉骨骼疾患调查问卷对4家制造企业工人的WMSDs患病情况及影响因素展开流行病学调查。WMSDs病... 详细信息

目的:探讨制造业工人工作相关肌肉骨骼疾患(work-related musculoskeletal disorders,WMSDs)在多个部位的发生模式及其影响因素。方法:应用肌肉骨骼疾患调查问卷对4家制造企业工人的WMSDs患病情况及影响因素展开流行病学调查。WMSDs病例定义为过去一年内身体颈部、肩部、肘部、手腕/手、上背部、下背部、臀/大腿、膝部、踝/足9个部位中一个或多个部位出现疼痛、麻木、不适或活动受限等症状,持续时间超过24 h,经休息后症状仍未完全缓解,且排除外伤、残疾、其他急症或后遗症等。各部位WMSDs患病情况间的关联度用log-binomial模型计算出的现患比(PR值)评估,采用多分类Logistic回归模型分析WMSDs主要患病部位中多个部位共患病的影响因素。结果:制造业工人WMSDs总患病率达79.7%,主要患病部位为下背部、颈部、肩部和上背部,患病率依次为62.3%、55.7%、45.6%和38.7%。这4个部位患病情况间的PR值较高,4个部位共患病率为25.2%,3~4个部位共患病率为41.4%。多分类Lgistic回归分析提示,颈部、肩部、上背部和下背部中3~4个部位患WMSDs的影响因素涉及多个方面,其中女性(OR=2.86,95%CI 2.38~3.33)、工龄15~19年者(OR=1.87,95%CI 1.49~2.34)患病风险较高;颈部经常长时间或频繁前倾(OR=2.15,95%CI 1.86~2.48)、颈部经常长时间或频繁扭转(OR=1.64,95%CI 1.40~1.92)和经常大幅转身(OR=1.40,95%CI 1.20~1.64)等生物力学因素可能为疾患发生的危险因素;每天做相同的工作(OR=1.73,95%CI 1.44~2.08)、员工短缺(OR=1.50,95%CI 1.31~1.71)和经常加班(OR=1.38,95%CI 1.20~1.60)等组织管理因素可能增加疾患的发生风险;经常长时间站着工作(OR=0.77,95%CI 0.65~0.91)和感觉工间休息时间充足(OR=0.51,95%CI 0.44~0.59)等因素为保护性因素。结论:本研究中制造业工人颈部、肩部、上背部和下背部WMSDs患病率高,4个部位的患病情况间关联密切,其3~4部位共患病率较高,提示在制造业工人中可能存在“颈-肩-上背-下背”多个部位患病的WMSDs发生模式,这种模式的主要影响因素包括个体因素、生物力学因素和组织管理因素几个方面。

关键词：制造业肌肉骨骼疾患危险因素

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The issue of the cost of robotic distal pancreatectomies

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Hepatobiliary Surgery and Nutrition 2019年第6期8卷 655-658页

作者： Benedetto Ielpo Javier Nunez-Alfonsel Maria Victoria Diago Alvaro Hidalgo Yolanda Quijano Emilio Vicente Department of General Surgery Division of HBP SurgeryLeon University HospitalLeonSpain Instituto de Validación de la Eficiencia Clínica Fundación de Investigación HM HospitalesMadridSpain Department of General Surgery Sanchinarro University Hospital HMMadridSpain Department of Economics and Finance Universidad de Castilla la ManchaToledoSpain

Robotic approach is already a new technological system in surgery and its potential advantages such as ergonomics,reduced tremor,3D view and improved instruments movements have been well described(1,2).Concerning the current literature,the studies addressing the robotic benefits on left pancreatectomies are ***,it has been showed that robotic distal pancreatectomy is both feasible and safe as well as the laparoscopic and the standard open ***,there is a lack of high-level economic studies comparing these techniques(3-6).

关键词： robotic cost feasible

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Low-level experimental accommodative/vergence load and trapezius muscle activity

Low-level experimental accommodative/vergence load and trape...

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第十七届国际工效学大会暨中国人类工效学会成立20周年庆祝大会

作者： Richter.H.O. Bnziger.T. Abdi.S. Forsman.M. Centre for Musculoskeletal Research University of Gvle The Bernadotte Laboratories St Eric's Eye HospitalDepartment of Clinical NeuroscienceKarolinska Institutet division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine Department of Public Health SciencesKarolinska Institutet

This experimental study induced different levels of oculomotor load by instructing subjects to focus a blurred point target with both eyes while the trapezius muscle activity was measured with bipolar surface electromyography(EMG).Twenty-eight subjects with a mean age of 29(range 19-42,std 8) viewed a high-contrast fixation target for four 5-minute periods through:(i) 0 diopter(D) lenses;(ii)-3.5 D lenses;(iii) individually adjusted prism D lenses(1-2 D base out);or(iv) +3.5 D *** fixation target was placed close to the individual’s age-appropriate near point of accommodation in conditions(i-iii) and at 3 m(0.33D) in condition(iv).Each subjects’ability to nullify the added lens blur was extracted via infrared photorefraction measurements.A bitwise linear regression analysis was conducted on individual measures of eye-lens refraction on the x-axis and normalized trapezius muscle EMG(%RVE) on the *** model estimated a constant level for x-values indicating that the incurred defocus had not been compensated for by a change in ocular accommodation/vergence,and a line coefficient for the other *** average eye-lens refraction value and the 50th percentile EMG level was strongly correlated in the-D(ii;p<0.001) and the +D blur(iii;p<0.001).During prism blur this association did not reach significance(p=0.06).During no blur there were no signs of *** results are directly attributable to a distinctive and directional engagement of the eye-lens accommodative system and in all likelihood reflect sensorimotor processing along the reflex arc of the accommodative *** is concluded that sustained accommodation/vergence at near,through an eye-neck/scapular area functional linkage,may increase muscle activity levels,and therefore represents a risk factor for trapezius muscle myalgia when an uncorrected visual error is *** findings also add to the current understanding of eye-neck/scapular area functional linkages that may arise du

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