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Characterization and source apportionment of volatile organic compounds in Hong Kong:A 5-year study for three different archetypical sites

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Journal of environmental sciences 2025年第5期151卷 424-440页

作者： Yuchen Mai Vincent Cheung Peter K.K.Louie Kenneth Leung Jimmy C.H.Fung Alexis K.H.Lau Donald R.B.lake Dasa Gu division of environment and Sustainability The Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyHong Kong 999077China environmental Protection Department Hong Kong 999077China environment and Ecology Bureau Hong Kong 999077China Department of Chemistry University of CaliforniaIrvine 92617USA

Initial success has been achieved in Hong Kong in controlling primary air pollutants,but ambient ozone levels kept increasing during the past three *** organic compounds(VOCs)are important for mitigating ozone pollution as its major *** study analyzed VOC characteristics of roadside,suburban,and rural sites in Hong Kong to investigate their compositions,concentrations,and source *** showthat the TVOC concentrations were 23.05±13.24,12.68±15.36,and 5.16±5.48 ppbv for roadside,suburban,and rural sites between May 2015 to June 2019,*** using Positive Matrix Factorization(PMF)model,six sources were identified at the roadside site over five years:Liquefied petroleum gas(LPG)usage(33%–46%),gasoline evaporation(8%–31%),aged air mass(11%–28%),gasoline exhaust(5%–16%),diesel exhaust(2%–16%)and fuel filling(75–9%).Similarly,six sources were distinguished at the suburban site,including LPG usage(30%–33%),solvent usage(20%–26%),diesel exhaust(14%–26%),gasoline evaporation(8%–16%),aged air mass(4%–11%),and biogenic emissions(2%–5%).At the rural site,four sources were identified,including aged airmass(33%–51%),solvent usage(25%–30%),vehicular emissions(11%–28%),and biogenic emissions(6%–12%).The analysis further revealed that fuel filling and LPG usage were the primary contributors to OFP and OH reactivity at the roadside site,while solvent usage and biogenic emissions accounted for almost half of OFP and OH reactivity at the suburban and rural sites,*** findings highlight the importance of identifying and characterizing VOC sources at different sites to help policymakers develop targeted measures for pollution mitigation in specific areas.

关键词： Volatile organic compounds Positive matrix factorization Source apportionment Ozone formation

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Transport mechanism in chemically reactive hybrid nanofluid flow containing gyrotactic micro-organisms over a curved oscillatory surface

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2025年第1期46卷 177-192页

作者： M.NAVEED M.IMRAN T.ASGHAR Z.ABBAS Department of Mathematics Division of Science and TechnologyUniversity of Education Department of Mathematics The Islamia University of Bahawalpur

This paper examines the transport analysis, including both heat transfer and mass transfer, in hybrid nanofluid flow containing gyrotactic microorganisms towards a curved oscillatory surface. The influence of magnetic fields is also inspected in terms of their physical characteristics. To depict the phenomena of transport, modified versions of both Fick's and Fourier's laws are used. Additionally, the characteristics of both heterogeneous and homogeneous chemical reactions are also incorporated. Utilizing a curvilinear coordinate system, the flow problem is formulated as partial differential equations(PDEs)for momentum, concentration, microorganism field, and energy. An analytical solution to the obtained flow equations is achieved utilizing the homotopy analysis method(HAM).The effects of significant flow parameters on the pressure and microorganism fields, velocity, oscillation velocity, concentration, and temperature distributions are shown via graphs. Furthermore, the variations in skin friction, mass transfer rate, heat transfer rate, and local motile number due to different involved parameters are presented in tables and are analyzed in detail. Graphical results indicate that the curves of velocity and temperature fields are enhanced as the values of the solid volume fraction variables *** is also verified that the concentration rate field decreases as the values of the homogeneous reaction strength parameter and the radius of curvature parameter increase, and it increases with the Schmidt number and the heterogeneous reaction strength *** outcomes show a favorable response of the motile number to advanced values of the Peclet number, the Schmidt number, the microorganism difference parameter, and the bio-convective Lewis number.

关键词： analytical solution Cattaneo-Christov heat and mass flux chemical reaction gyrotactic microorganism hybrid nanofluid O368 oscillating curved stretchable sheet

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Mechanistic insight into the synergy between nickel single atoms and nanoparticles on N-doped carbon for electroreduction of CO_(2)

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2025年第1期100卷 327-336页

作者： Mingdong Sun Wenwen Guan Cailing Chen Chao Wu Xiaoling Liu Biao Meng Tao Chen Yu Han Jun Wang Shibo Xi Yu Zhou State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering College of Chemical EngineeringNanjing Tech UniversityNanjing 211816JiangsuChina Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center Physical Sciences and Engineering DivisionKing Abdullah University of Science and TechnologyThuwal 23955-6900Saudi Arabia Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals Energy and EnvironmentA*STAR(Agency for ScienceTechnology and Research)Jurong IslandSingapore 627833Singapore College of Materials science and Engineering Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610065SichuanChina

The synergy of single atoms(SAs)and nanoparticles(NPs)has demonstrated great potential in promoting the electrocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR);however,the rationalization of the SAs/NPs proportion remains one challenge for the catalyst ***,a Ni2+-loaded porous poly(ionic liquids)(PIL)precursor synthesized through the free radical self-polymerization of the ionic liquid monomer,1-allyl-3-vinylimidazolium chloride,was pyrolyzed to prepare the Ni,N co-doped carbon materials,in which the proportion of Ni SAs and NPs could be facilely modulated by controlling the annealing *** catalyst Ni-NC-1000 with a moderate proportion of Ni SAs and NPs exhibited high efficiency in the electrocatalytic conversion of CO_(2)into *** Ni K-edge X-ray absorption near-edge structure(XANES)spectra and theoretical calculations were conducted to gain insight into the synergy of Ni SAs and *** charge transfer from Ni NPs to the surrounding carbon layer and then to the Ni SAs resulted in the electron-enriched Ni SAs active *** the electroreduction of CO_(2),the coexistence of Ni SAs and NPs strengthened the CO_(2)activation and the affinity towards the key intermediate of*COOH,lowering the free energy for the potential-determining*CO_(2)→*COOH step,and therefore promoted the catalysis efficiency.

关键词： Single atom catalyst Synergy effect cO2 reduction Carbon catalyst Electrocatalysis

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Mechanism by which Rab5 promotes regeneration and functional recovery of zebrafish Mauthner axons

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第6期20卷 1816-1824页

作者： Jiantao Cui Yueru Shen Zheng Song Dinggang Fan Bing Hu Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary science and Biomedicine of IHM Division of Life Sciences and MedicineUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiAnhui ProvinceChina

Rab5 is a GTPase protein that is involved in intracellular membrane trafficking. It functions by binding to various effector proteins and regulating cellular responses, including the formation of transport vesicles and their fusion with the cellular membrane. Rab5 has been reported to play an important role in the development of the zebrafish embryo;however, its role in axonal regeneration in the central nervous system remains unclear. In this study, we established a zebrafish Mauthner cell model of axonal injury using single-cell electroporation and two-photon axotomy techniques. We found that overexpression of Rab5 in single Mauthner cells promoted marked axonal regeneration and increased the number of intra-axonal transport vesicles. In contrast, treatment of zebrafish larvae with the Rab kinase inhibitor CID-1067700markedly inhibited axonal regeneration in Mauthner cells. We also found that Rab5 activated phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase(PI3K) during axonal repair of Mauthner cells and promoted the recovery of zebrafish locomotor function. Additionally, rapamycin, an inhibitor of the mechanistic target of rapamycin downstream of PI3K, markedly hindered axonal regeneration. These findings suggest that Rab5 promotes the axonal regeneration of injured zebrafish Mauthner cells by activating the PI3K signaling pathway.

关键词： axonal regeneration Mauthner cell nerve regeneration Rab5 zebrafish

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Impacts of emission reduction and meteorological conditions on air quality improvement from 2016 to 2020 in the Northeast Plain,China

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Journal of environmental sciences 2025年第5期151卷 484-496页

作者： Xueling Yang Qiyuan Wang Lang Liu Jie Tian Hailing Xie Luyao Wang Yue Cao Steven Sai Hang Ho Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary GeologyInstitute of Earth EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesXi’an 710061China Xi’an Institute for Innovative Earth environment Research Xi’an 710061China National Observation and Research Station of Regional Ecological environment Change and Comprehensive Management in the Guanzhong Plain Xi’an 710061China College of Meteorology and Oceanography National University of Defense TechnologyChangsha 410073China division of Atmospheric sciences Desert Research InstituteRenoNV 89512USA

The Northeast Plain in China ranks among the top five regions that have been significantly impacted by haze *** effectively control pollution,it is crucial to accurately assess the effects of emission reduction *** this study,we analyzed surveillance data and found substantial decreases(ranging from 19.0%to 50.1%)in average annual mass concentrations of key pollutants(such as CO,SO_(2),NO_(2),and PM_(2.5))in the Northeast Plain from 2016 to *** precisely determine the contributions of meteorological conditions and emission reductions to the improvement of air quality in the Northeast Plain,we conducted three scenario *** comparing source emissions in December 2016 and 2020 using the WRF-Chem model(except for SO_(2)),we observed significant reductions of 21.3%,8.8%,and 9.8%in mass concentrations of PM_(2.5),NO_(2),and CO,respectively,from 2016 to *** highlights the essential role that meteorological conditions play in determining air quality in the Northeast ***,further reducing source emissions by 30%in December 2016 resulted in subsequent reductions of 25.3%,29.0%,4.5%,and 30.3%in mass concentrations of PM_(2.5),SO_(2),NO_(2),and CO,respectively,under the same meteorological ***,source emission reduction was effective for PM_(2.5),SO_(2),and CO,but not for NO_(2).The improvement in air quality in the Northeast Plain from 2016 to 2020 can be attributed to the combined effects of improved meteorological conditions and reduced pollution sources.

关键词： Air quality Emission reduction Meteorological conditions The Northeast Plain WRF-Chem

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A Fully‑Printed Wearable Bandage‑Based Electrochemical Sensor with pH Correction for Wound Infection Monitoring

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Nano-Micro Letters 2025年第3期17卷 355-375页

作者： Kanyawee Kaewpradub Kornautchaya Veenuttranon Husanai Jantapaso Pimonsri Mittraparp‑arthorn Itthipon Jeerapan Center of Excellence for Trace Analysis and Biosensor Prince of Songkla UniversityHat Yai 90110SongkhlaThailand division of Physical science Faculty of SciencePrince of Songkla UniversityHat Yai 90110SongkhlaThailand Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry Faculty of SciencePrince of Songkla UniversityHat Yai 90110SongkhlaThailand The ijE Electrochemistry for All Laboratory Prince of Songkla UniversityHat Yai 90110SongkhlaThailand division of Biological science Faculty of SciencePrince of Songkla UniversityHat Yai 90110SongkhlaThailand

Wearable sensing systems have been designed to monitor health conditions in real-time by detecting analytes in human *** diagnosis remains challenging,necessitating suitable materials for high-performance wearable sensors to offer prompt *** devices have limitations in measuring pH and the concentration of pH-dependent electroactive species simultaneously,which is crucial for obtaining a comprehensive understanding of wound status and optimizing ***,improving materials and analysis system accuracy is *** article introduces the first example of a flexible array capable of detecting pyocyanin,a bacterial virulence factor,while correcting dynamic pH *** demonstrate that this combined sensor enhances accuracy by mitigating the impact of pH variability on pyocyanin sensor *** screen-printable inks were developed to enhance analytical *** analytical performances of two sensitive sensor systems(i.e.,fully-printed porous graphene/multiwalled carbon nanotube(CNT)and polyaniline/CNT composites for pyocyanin and pH sensors)are *** least square regression is employed to analyze nonzero-order data arrays from square wave voltammetric and potentiometric measurements of pyocyanin and pH sensors to establish a predictive model for pyocyanin concentration in complex *** sensitive and effective strategy shows potential for personalized applications due to its affordability,ease of use,and ability to adjust for dynamic pH changes.

关键词： Pyocyanin Bandages Wound monitoring Biosensor Wearable device

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Effect of preprocessing on performances of machine learning-based mineral composition analysis on gas hydrate sediments, Ulleung Basin, East Sea

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Petroleum science 2025年第1期22卷 151-162页

作者： Hongkeun Jin Ju Young Park Sun Young Park Byeong-Kook Son Baehyun Min Kyungbook Lee Department of Geoenvironmental sciences Kongju National University Tunnel & Underground Facility division ESCO Consultant & Engineers Company Yellow Sea Institute of Geoenvironmental sciences Petroleum and Marine Research division Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources Department of Climate and Energy Systems Engineering Ewha Womans University Center for Climate/environment Change Prediction Research Ewha Womans University

Gas hydrate(GH) is an unconventional resource estimated at 1000-120,000 trillion *** on GH is ongoing to determine its geological and flow characteristics for commercial production. After two large-scale drilling expeditions to study the GH-bearing zone in the Ulleung Basin, the mineral composition of 488 sediment samples was analyzed using X-ray diffraction(XRD). Because the analysis is costly and dependent on experts, a machine learning model was developed to predict the mineral composition using XRD intensity profiles as input data. However, the model's performance was limited because of improper preprocessing of the intensity profile. Because preprocessing was applied to each feature, the intensity trend was not preserved even though this factor is the most important when analyzing mineral composition. In this study, the profile was preprocessed for each sample using minmax scaling because relative intensity is critical for mineral analysis. For 49 test data among the 488data, the convolutional neural network(CNN) model improved the average absolute error and coefficient of determination by 41% and 46%, respectively, than those of CNN model with feature-based preprocessing. This study confirms that combining preprocessing for each sample with CNN is the most efficient approach for analyzing XRD data. The developed model can be used for the compositional analysis of sediment samples from the Ulleung Basin and the Korea Plateau. In addition, the overall procedure can be applied to any XRD data of sediments worldwide.

关键词： Sample-based preprocessing X-ray diffraction (XRD) Machine learning Mineral composition Gas hydrate (GH) Ulleung basin

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The Slowest Coupon Collector's Problem

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Journal of Systems science & Complexity 2025年

作者： KRITYAKIERNE Tipaluck THANATIPANONDA Thotsaporn Aek Department of Mathematics Faculty of Science Mahidol University Centre of Excellence in Mathematics MHESI science division Mahidol University International College

In the classical coupon collector's problem, every box of breakfast cereal contains one coupon from a collection of n distinct coupons, each equally likely to appear. The goal is to find the expected number of boxes a player needs to purchase to complete the whole collection. In this work,the authors extend the classical problem to k players who compete with one another to be the first to collect the whole collection. The authors find the expected numbers of boxes required for the slowest and fastest players to finish the game. The odds of a particular player being the slowest or fastest player will also be touched upon. Using the law of total expectation, the solutions will be discussed from both the tractable recurrence relation as well as the probability point of views.

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Potassium ion doped manganese oxide nanoscrolls enhanced the performance of aqueous zinc-ion batteries

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2025年第1期36卷 549-555页

作者： Yang Li Xiaoxu Liu Tianyi Ji Man Zhang Xueru Yan Mengjie Yao Dawei Sheng Shaodong Li Peipei Ren Zexiang Shen Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Green Preparation and Functionalization for Inorganic Materials School of Material Science and EngineeringShaanxi University of Science and TechnologyXi’an 710021China division of Physics and Applied Physics School of Physical and Mathematical SciencesNanyang Technological UniversitySingapore 637371Singapore

α-MnO_(2) is a potential positive electrode material for aqueous zinc-ion batteries,but its electrochemical performance of zinc storage requires further *** this paper,potassium ion-doped manganese dioxide nanoscrolls(K-MnO_(2))with oxygen vacancy were synthesized by a one-step hydrothermal *** was observed that the electrochemical specific capacity was 250.9 m Ah/g at a current density of 0.2 C,which was better than the existing commercialα-MnO_(2).At a high current of 1 C,these batteries demonstrate improved cycle *** radiation and other experiments as well as DFT theoretical calculations provided additional evidence that K doping was efficient in regulating the metal bond type and the mean charge regulation of covalent bonds with oxygen atoms in MnO_(2).When Mn-O and Mn-K bonds are present,K-MnO_(2) showed outstanding adsorption of Zn~(2+)and further enhanced the Zn^(2+)embedding ***,oxygen defects caused by doping boosted the development of the nanoscroll structure,leading to an increase in active sites available for electrochemical reactions and subsequently enhancing the electrical conductivity ofα-MnO_(2).This study exhibits the potential of optimizing materials based on manganese with the introduction of a potassium doping strategy,resulting in improved performance for aquatic zinc-ion batteries,and presents novel perspectives for related research.

关键词： Manganese dioxide K^(+) doping Nanoscrolls XAFS Aqueous zinc-ion batteries

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Dietary Zn proteinate with moderate chelation strength alleviates heat stress‑induced intestinal barrier function damage by promoting expression of tight junction proteins via the A20/NF‑κB p65/MMP‑2 pathway in the jejunum of broilers

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Journal of Animal science and Biotechnology 2025年第1期16卷 316-330页

作者： Yangyang Hu Weiyun Zhang Ke Yang Xi Lin Hsiao‑Ching Liu Jack Odle Miles Todd See Xiaoyan Cui Tingting Li Shengchen Wang Xiudong Liao Liyang Zhang Sufen Li Yun Hu Xugang Luo Poultry Mineral Nutrition Laboratory College of Animal Science and TechnologyYangzhou UniversityYangzhou 225000China Hebei Normal University of science and Technology Qinhuangdao 066004China Department of Animal science North Carolina State UniversityRaleighNC 27695USA Mineral Nutrition Research division State Key Laboratory of Animal NutritionInstitute of Animal ScienceChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100193China

Background The aim of this study was to determine whether and how Zn proteinate with moderate chelation strength(Zn-Prot M)can alleviate heat stress(HS)-induced intestinal barrier function damage of broilers.A completely randomized design was used for comparatively testing the effects of Zn proteinate on HS and non-HS *** high temperature(HT),a 1(Control,HT-CON)+2(Zn source)×2(added Zn level)factorial arrangement of treatments was *** 2 added Zn sources were Zn-Prot M and Zn sulfate(ZnS),and the 2 added Zn levels were 30 and 60 mg/*** normal temperature(NT),a CON group(NT-CON)and pair-fed group(NT-PF)were *** The results showed that HS significantly reduced mRNA and protein expression levels of claudin-1,occludin,junctional adhesion molecule-A(JAMA),zonula occludens-1(ZO-1)and zinc finger protein A20(A20)in the jejunum,and HS also remarkably increased serum fluorescein isothiocyanate dextran(FITC-D),endotoxin and interleukin(IL)-1βcontents,serum diamine oxidase(DAO)and matrix metalloproteinase(MMP)-2 activities,nuclear factor kappa-B(NF-κB)p65 mRNA expression level,and protein expression levels of NF-κB p65 and MMP-2 in the ***,dietary supplementation with Zn,especially organic Zn as Zn-Prot M at 60 mg/kg,significantly decreased serum FITC-D,endotoxin and IL-1βcontents,serum DAO and MMP-2 activities,NF-κB p65 mRNA expression level,and protein expression levels of NF-κB p65 and MMP-2 in the jejunum of HS broilers,and notably promoted mRNA and protein expression levels of claudin-1,ZO-1 and *** Our results suggest that dietary Zn,especially 60 mg Zn/kg as Zn-Prot M,can alleviate HS-induced intestinal barrier function damage by promoting the expression of TJ proteins possibly via induction of A20-mediated suppression of the NF-κB p65/MMP-2 pathway in the jejunum of HS broilers.

关键词： A20/NF-κB p65/MMP-2 pathway Broiler Heat stress Intestinal barrier function Tight junction proteins Zn

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