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Microfluidic bubble-generator enables digital light processing 3D printing of porous structures

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Aggregate 2024年第1期5卷 280-291页

作者： Philipp Weber Ling Cai Francisco Javier Aguilar Rojas Carlos Ezio Garciamendez-Mijares Maria Celeste Tirelli Francesco Nalin Jakub Jaroszewicz Wojciech Swi eszkowski Marco Costantini Yu Shrike Zhang division of engineering in Medicine Department of MedicineBrigham and Women’s HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolCambridgeMassachusettsUSA Institute of Physical Chemistry—Polish Academy of sciences KasprzakaPoland Biomaterials Group Materials Design DivisionFaculty of Materials Science and EngineeringWarsaw University of TechnologyWoloskaPoland

Three-dimensional(3D)printing is an emerging technique that has shown promising success in engineering human tissues in recent *** development of vatphotopolymerization printing modalities has significantly enhanced the complexity level for 3D printing of various functional structures and ***,the development of microfluidic chip systems is an emerging research sector with promising medical *** work demonstrates the coupling of a digital light processing(DLP)printing procedure with a microfluidic chip system to produce size-tunable,3D-printable porosities with narrow pore size distributions within a gelatin methacryloyl(GelMA)hydrogel *** is found that the generation of size-tunable gas bubbles trapped within an aqueous GelMA hydrogel-precursor can be controlled with high ***,the porosities are printed in two-dimensional(2D)as well as in 3D using the DLP *** addition,the cytocompatibility of the printed porous scaffolds is investigated using fibroblasts,where high cell viabilities as well as cell proliferation,spreading,and migration are *** is anticipated that the strategy is widely applicable in a range of application areas such as tissue engineering and regenerative medicine,among others.

关键词： 3D printing biofabrication bubble digital light processing microfluidics porous

Synergetic Control of Li^(+)Transport Ability and Solid Electrolyte Interphase by Boron-Rich Hexagonal Skeleton Structured All-Solid-State Polymer Electrolyte

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Energy & Environmental Materials 2024年第3期7卷 154-163页

作者： Yanan Li Shunchao Ma Yuehua Zhao Silin Chen Tingting Xiao Hongxing Yin Huiyu Song Xiumei Pan Lina Cong Haiming Xie Department of Chemistry National&Local United Engineering Laboratory for Power BatteryNortheast Normal UniversityChangchun 130024China State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of SciencesChangchun 130022China

High Li^(+)transference number electrolytes have long been understood to provide attractive candidates for realizing uniform deposition of Li^(+).However,such electrolytes with immobilized anions would result in incomplete solid electrolyte interphase(SEI)formation on the Li anode because it suffers from the absence of appropriate inorganic components entirely derived from anions ***,a boron-rich hexagonal polymer structured all-solid-state polymer electrolyte(BSPE+10%LiBOB)with regulated intermolecular interaction is proposed to trade off a high Li^(+)transference number against stable SEI *** Li^(+)transference number of the as-prepared electrolyte is increased from 0.23 to 0.83 owing to the boron-rich cross-linker(BC)*** intriguingly,for the first time,the experiments combined with theoretical calculation results reveal that BOB^(-)anions have stronger interaction with B atoms in polymer chain than TFSI^(-),which significantly induce the TFSI^(-)decomposition and consequently increase the amount of LiF and Li3N in the SEI ***,a LiFePO_(4)|BSPE+10%LiBOBlLi cell retains 96.7%after 400 cycles while the cell without BC-resisted electrolyte only retains 40.8%.BSPE+10%LiBOB also facilitates stable electrochemical cycling of solid-state Li-S *** study blazes a new trail in controlling the Li^(+)transport ability and SEI properties,synergistically.

关键词： all-solid-state electrolyte boron-rich polymer lithium metal batteries lithium-ion transference number solid electrolyte interphase layer

Measuring the anisotropies in astrophysical and cosmological gravitational-wave backgrounds with Taiji and LISA networks

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2024年

作者： Zhi-Chao Zhao Sai Wang Department of applied Physics College of Science China Agricultural University Theoretical Physics division Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences

We investigate the capabilities of space-based gravitational-wave detector networks, specifically Taiji and LISA, to measure the anisotropies in stochastic gravitational-wave background(SGWB), which are characterized by the angular power spectrum. We find that a detector network can improve the measurement precision of anisotropies by at most fourteen orders of magnitude,depending on the angular multipoles. By doing so, we can enhance our understanding of the physical origins of SGWB, both in astrophysical and cosmological contexts. We assess the prospects of the detector networks for measuring the parameters of angular power spectrum. We further find an inevitable effect of cosmic variance, which can be suppressed by a better angular resolution, strengthening the importance of configuring detector networks. Our findings also suggest a potential detection of the kinematic dipole due to Doppler boosting of SGWB.

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New Strategy for Boosting Cathodic Performance of Protonic Ceramic Fuel Cells Through Incorporating a Superior Hydronation Second Phase

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Energy & Environmental Materials 2024年第4期7卷 83-92页

作者： Chuan Zhou Xixi Wang Dongliang Liu Meijuan Fei Jie Dai Daqin Guan Zhiwei Hu Linjuan Zhang Yu Wang Wei Wang Ryan O'Hayre San Ping Jiang Wei Zhou Meilin Liu Zongping Shao State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical engineering College of Chemical Engineering Nanjing Tech University Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Department of Metallurgical and Materials engineering Colorado School of Mines WA School of Mines: Minerals Energy and Chemical Engineering (WASM-MECE) Curtin University Suzhou Laboratory School of Materials Science and engineering Georgia Institute of Technology

For protonic ceramic fuel cells,it is key to develop material with high intrinsic activity for oxygen activation and bulk proton conductivity enabling water formation at entire electrode ***,a higher water content which benefitting for the increasing proton conductivity will not only dilute the oxygen in the gas,but also suppress the O2adsorption on the electrode surface.

关键词： cathode high-hydrating capability proton conductivity protonic ceramic fuel cells

Time-resolved ultra-small-angle X-ray scattering beamline(BL10U1)at SSRF

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2024年第2期35卷 6-19页

作者： Wen-Qiang Hua Chun-Ming Yang Ping Zhou Feng Tian Jin-You Lin Yu-Zhu Wang Xiao-Yun Li Xia-Ran Miao Chun-Xia Hong Qiu-Shi Huang Xin-Tong Zhao Yong-Feng Men Jie Wang Xing-Yu Gao Xiu-Hong Li Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility Shanghai Advanced Research InstituteChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 201204China Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro Structural Materials MOEInstitute of Precision Optical EngineeringSchool of Physics Science and EngineeringTongji UniversityShanghai 200092China State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry Changchun Institute of Applied ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesChangchun 130022China

The construction of a new beamline,BL10U1,was completed at the Shanghai synchrotron radiation facility in *** multipurpose beamline was designed to provide X-ray scattering techniques such as ultra-small-angle X-ray scattering(USAXS),small-angle X-ray scattering(SAXS),wide-angle X-ray scattering,and microfocus SAXS(μSAXS)for a broad user *** realize fast time-resolved USAXS experiments,the beamline adopted an in-vacuum undulator with a total length of 1.6 m as the photon *** in-house cryogenic-cooled double multilayer monochromator was installed to deliver a photon flux of approximately 10^(13) photons/s at a photon energy of 10 *** three-year successful operation of this beamline demonstrated that the monochromator operated smoothly,as ***10U1 has three end stations in succession:USAXS end station,μSAXS end station,and end station for industrial *** minimum scattering vector q~0.0042 nm^(-1) at 10 keV can be achieved at the USAXS end station equipped with a 28 m-long and 1.8 m-diameter vacuum flight *** theμSAXS end station,a beam spot of less than 10×8μm was achieved for micro-SAXS *** contrast,in situ experimental instruments up to 5 m high and 8 m wide can be mounted at the industrial application end station,which offers industrial scientists the opportunity to use their large industrial ***10U1 opens up a new capability to investigate phenomena such as non-equilibrium and dynamic processes of materials with a wide length scale from angstroms to micrometers with millisecond time *** this paper,we also report beamline design considerations and commissioning results.

关键词： Synchrotron radiation Ultra-small-angle X-ray scattering Micro small-angle X-ray scattering USAXS Time resolved μSAXS

Greenhouse gas emissions during the COVID-19 pandemic from agriculture in China

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Frontiers of Agricultural Science and engineering 2024年第3期11卷 409-427页

作者： Jianing TIAN Chuanhui GU Yanchao BAI division of Natural and applied sciences Duke Kunshan UniversityKunshan 215316China Environmental Research Center Duke Kunshan UniversityKunshan 215311China College of Environmental Science and engineering Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou 225009China

To study the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on agricultural carbon emissions in China,the greenhouse gas emissions generated by crop and livestock production,and agricultural material and energy inputs in China from 2019 to 2021 were systematically *** was found that from 2019 to 2021,Net greenhouse gas emissions(NGHGE)from agriculture in China had an increasing *** emissions ranked first in NGHGE,with an annual proportion exceeding 65%and an increasing annual ***_(4)emissions were primarily influenced by enteric fermentation and rice *** oxide emissions accounted for around 22%of annual NGHGE and decreased from 2019 to *** main sources of N_(2)O emissions were the use of nitrogen fertilizers and manure *** dioxide emissions accounted for about 18%annually,with diesel and agricultural electricity use contributing to over 60%of CO_(2)*** carbon sequestration represented about a 6.1%lowering of *** combined proportion of CH4 emissions from enteric fermentation and rice production accounted for over 50%of total GHG *** changes in NGHGE were mainly caused by disturbance of the livestock industry during the pandemic.

关键词： Agricultural systems emission factors greenhouse gases soil carbon sequestration

A Cyclic Constitutive Model Based on Crystal Plasticity for Body-Centered Cubic Cyclic Softening Metals

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Acta Mechanica Solida Sinica 2024年第1期37卷 33-42页

作者： Xuehong Ren Wenjie Zhao Shaopu Yang Guilin Wen State Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacturing for Vehicle Body Hunan UniversityChangsha 410082China School of Mechanical engineering Tianjin Sino-German University of Applied SciencesTianjin 300350China State Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior in Traffic engineering Structure and System Safety Shijiazhuang Tiedao UniversityShijiazhuang 050043China

Under the framework of the small deformation crystal plasticity theory,a crystal plastic cyclic constitutive model for body-centered cubic(BCC)cyclic softening polycrystalline metals is *** constitutive model introduces the isotropic softening rule that includes two different mechanisms:namely softening under monotonic deformation and softening under cyclic deformation on each slip ***,a modified Armstrong-Frederick nonlinear kinematic hardening rule is *** appropriate explicit scale transition rule is selected to extend the single crystal constitutive model to the polycrystalline constitutive *** the model is used to predict the uniaxial and multiaxial ratcheting deformation of BCC axle steel EA4T to verify the rationality of the proposed *** simulation results indicate that the newly established crystal plasticity model can not only describe the cyclic softening characteristics of BCC axle steel EA4T well,but also reasonably describe the evolution laws of uniaxial ratcheting and nonproportional multiaxial ratcheting ***,the established crystal plastic cyclic constitutive model can reasonably predict the ratcheting behavior of BCC single crystal as well.

关键词： Crystal plasticity Constitutive model Softening Ratcheting

Lax-Oleinik-Type Formulas and Efficient Algorithms for Certain High-Dimensional Optimal Control Problems

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Communications on applied Mathematics and Computation 2024年第2期6卷 1428-1471页

作者： Paula Chen Jerome Darbon Tingwei Meng division of applied Mathematics Brown UniversityProvidenceRIUSA Department of Mathematics UCLALos AngelesCAUSA

Two of the main challenges in optimal control are solving problems with state-dependent running costs and developing efficient numerical solvers that are computationally tractable in high *** this paper,we provide analytical solutions to certain optimal control problems whose running cost depends on the state variable and with constraints on the *** also provide Lax-Oleinik-type representation formulas for the corresponding Hamilton-Jacobi partial differential equations with state-dependent ***,we present an efficient,grid-free numerical solver based on our representation formulas,which is shown to scale linearly with the state dimension,and thus,to overcome the curse of *** existing optimization methods and the min-plus technique,we extend our numerical solvers to address more general classes of convex and nonconvex initial *** demonstrate the capabilities of our numerical solvers using implementations on a central processing unit(CPU)and a field-programmable gate array(FPGA).In several cases,our FPGA implementation obtains over a 10 times speedup compared to the CPU,which demonstrates the promising performance boosts FPGAs can *** numerical results show that our solvers have the potential to serve as a building block for solving broader classes of high-dimensional optimal control problems in real-time.

关键词： Optimal control Hamilton-Jacobi partial differential equations Grid-free numerical methods High dimensions Field-programmable gate arrays(FPGAs)

Extended light absorption and accelerated charge migration in ultrathin twisted carbon nitride nanoplates for efficient solar hydrogen production

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Science China Chemistry 2024年第7期67卷 2215-2223页

作者： Yanmin Zou Shiyao Li Dandan Zheng Jianyong Feng Sibo Wang Yidong Hou Guigang Zhang State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment College of ChemistryFuzhou UniversityFuzhou 350108China College of Environment and Safety engineering Fuzhou UniversityFuzhou 350108China Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures National Laboratory of Solid State MicrostructuresCollege of Engineering and Applied SciencesNanjing UniversityNanjing 210093China

Polymeric carbon nitride has been widely developed as a promising photocatalyst for solar hydrogen production via photocatalytic water ***,pristine carbon nitride prepared by traditional solid-state polymerization usually encounters issues such as rapid carrier recombination and insufficient absorption of visible light below 460 ***,poly(heptazine imide)with a distinctive nanoplate structure was synthesized in a binary molten salt of NaCl–CaCl_(2).The salt template allows the formation of the thin nanoplate structure,which promotes the charge separation and ***,the intercalation of Ca^(2+)ions between the conjugated layers endows the activation of n–π*electron transition due to the distortion of in-plane heptazine ***,the optimized poly(heptazine imide)nanoplates achieve an apparent quantum efficiency of up to 17.3%at 500 nm for photocatalytic hydrogen production from *** work shares new idea for rational control of the optical absorption and charge carrier dynamics of poly(heptazine imide).

关键词： photocatalysis poly heptazine imide nanoplates ion intercalation hydrogen production