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Crop productivity,soil health,and energy dynamics of Indian Himalayan intensified organic maize-based systems

International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2021年第2期9卷 260-270页

作者： Raghavendra Singh Subhash Babu R.K.Avasthe Gulab Singh Yadav Anup Das K.P.Mohapatra Amit Kumar Vinod K.Singh Puran Chandra ICAR-National Organic Farming Research Institute GangtokSikkim737102India division of Agronomy ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research InstituteNew Delhi110012India ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region Tripura CentreLembucherraTripura799210India ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources New Delhi110012India

The sustainability of prevailing maize-fallow system in rainfed ecosystems of the Eastern Himalayan region(EHR)of India is often questioned due to poor economic return and negative impact on soil ***,the six cropping systems,maize-fallow(M-F),maize t cowpea-rapeseed(M t C-Rs),maize t cowpea-buckwheat(M t C-Bw),maize t cowpea-barley(M t CeB),maize t cowpea-garden pea(M t C-GP)and maize t cowpeaerajmash(M t C-R)in the main plot and three soil moisture conservation measures,no-mulch(NM),maize stover mulch(MSM)and maize stover t weed biomass mulch(MSM t WBM)in sub-plot were evaluated for four consecutive years(2014-18)at a Research Farm in fixed plot *** indicated that cowpea co-culture with maize and inclusion of winter crop increased maize yield by 6.2e23.5%over *** the systems,the M t C-GP recorded the highest crop *** residual effect of MSM t WBM increased maize grain yield by 19.1%over *** of maize t cowpea-winter crops significantly improved the available N(3.2e12.9%),P(3.6 e12.7%),K(1.9e26.3%),organic carbon(9.2e16.8%),microbial biomass carbon-MBC(15.2e43.9%)and dehydrogenases-DHA(17.2e42.3%)in soil at 0e15 cm depth as compared to *** M t C-GP also recorded maximum net return(US$2460 ha1),benefit:cost(B:C)ratio(2.86)and energy use efficiency(7.9%).The MSM t WBM recorded higher net return(US$1680 ha1)and B:C ratio(2.46)over ***,cowpea t maize-garden pea(M t C-GP)along with the application of MSM t WBM is a sustainable production practice to intensify the organically managed maize-fallow system in rainfed regions of the EHR of India and other similar ecosystems.

关键词： Crop intensification Energy productivity Gross return Soil health Water productivity

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Carbon Turnover in a Crop Rotation Under Free Air CO_2 Enrichment (FACE)

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Pedosphere 2005年第6期15卷 728-738页

作者： H. J. WEIGEL A. PACHOLSKI S. BURKART M. HELAL O. HEINEMEYER B. KLEIKAMP R. MANDERSCHEID C. FRüHAUF G. F. HENDREY K. LEWIN J. NAGY Institute of Agroecology Federal Agricultural Research Centre (FAL) Bundesallee 50 38116 Braunschweig (Germany). German Weather Service Agriculture Department Kreuzweg 25 65366 Geisenheim (Germany) Earth Systems Sciences division Brookhaven National Laboratory Building 490D P.O. Box 5000 Upton NY 11973 (USA)

Mostly based on assumptions derived from controlled-environment studies, predicted future atmospheric CO2 concentrations [CO2] are expected to have considerable impacts on carbon （C） turnover in agro-ecosystems. In order to allow the in situ examination of C-transformations in the plant-soil system of arable crop rotations under future [002], a free air carbon dioxide enrichment （FACE） experiment （550 μmol mol^-1 CO2） was started at Braunschweig, Germany in 1999. The crop rotation under investigation comprised winter barley, a cover crop （ryegrass）, sugar beets and winter wheat. Assessments of CO2 effects included the determination of above- and belowground biomass production, measurements of canopy CO2- and H2O- fluxes, soil microbial biomass and in situ soil respiration. The results obtained during the 1st crop rotation cycle （3 years） showed that for the selected crops elevated [CO2] entailed significant positive effects （P 〈 0.05） on aboveground （6%-14% stimulation） and belowground biomass production （up to 90% stimulation）, while canopy evapotranspiration was reduced. This resulted in increased soil water content. Also, depending on crop type and season, high CO2 stimulated in situ soil respiration （up to 30%）, while soil microbial biomass did not show significant respouses to elevated [CO2] during the first rotation cycle.

关键词： agroecosystems carbon elevated CO2 FACE soil

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Biomarkers of toxicological responses in aquatic oligochaete,Lumbriculus. variegatus

Biomarkers of toxicological responses in aquatic oligochaete...

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中国毒理学会第四届全国学术会议

作者： R.Gooneratne Drewes C. Animal and Food Sciences division Lincoln University Canterbury New Zealand Animal and Food Sciences division Lincoln University Canterbury New Zealand Department of Zoology and Genetics Iowa State University Ames Iowa USA

＜正＞Oligochaete worms are key, non- target, macroinvertebrates in terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems. Aquatic and terrestrial pollution has attracted a great deal of public interest in the past 2 decades. However, a non-invasive sensitive biomarker which would allow repeat measurements to monitor the onset and also the recovery from toxic insults has not emerged in spite of a major research thrust in this field. Sub-lethal effects of the agricultural pesticide, pyrethrins [ commercial formulations and pure

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Molecular approaches for the detection and monitoring of microbial communities in bioaerosols:A review

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2017年第1期29卷 234-247页

作者： Keunje Yoo Tae Kwon Lee Eun Joo Choi Jihoon Yang Sudheer Kumar Shukla Sang-il Hwang Joonhong Park Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Yonsei UniversitySeoul 03722South Korea Department of Environmental Engineering Yonsei UniversityWonju 26493South Korea Department of Systems Biology Yonsei UniversitySeoul 03722South Korea Department of Built and Natural Environment Caledonian College of EngineeringSultanate of Oman division of Natural Resources Conservation Korea Environment InstituteSejong-si 30147South Korea

Bioaerosols significantly affect atmospheric processes while they undergo long-range vertical and horizontal transport and influence atmospheric chemistry and physics and climate *** evidence suggests that exposure to bioaerosols may cause adverse health effects,including severe *** of bioaerosols have primarily focused on their chemical composition and largely neglected their biological composition and the negative effects of biological composition on ecosystems and human ***,current molecular methods for the identification,quantification,and distribution of bioaerosol agents are *** developments in environmental microbiology technology would be favorable in elucidation of microbial temporal and spatial distribution in the atmosphere at high *** addition,these provide additional supports for growing evidence that microbial diversity or composition in the bioaerosol is an indispensable environmental aspect linking with public health.

关键词： Bioaerosol Airborne microbial community Molecular methods Metagenomics

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Leaf photosynthesis and simulated carbon budget of Gentiana straminea from a decade-long warming experiment

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2009年第4期2卷 207-216页

作者： Haihua Shen Julia AKlein Xinquan Zhao Yanhong Tang Environmental Biology division National Institute for Environmental StudiesOnogawa 16-2TsukubaIbaraki305-8506Japan Department of Forest Rangeland&Watershed StewardshipColorado State UniversityFort CollinsCO 80523USA Northwest Plateau Institute of Biology Chinese Academy of SciencesXiningQinghaiChina

Aims Alpine ecosystems may experience larger temperature increases due to global warming as compared with lowland *** on physiological adjustment of alpine plants to temperature changes can provide insights into our understanding how these plants are responding to current and future *** tested the hypothesis that alpine plants would exhibit acclimation in photosynthesis and respiration under long-term elevated temperature,and the acclimation may relatively increase leaf carbon gain under warming *** Open-top chambers(OTCs)were set up for a period of 11 years to artificially increase the temperature in an alpine meadow *** measured leaf photosynthesis and dark respiration under different light,temperature and ambient CO_(2)concentrations for Gentiana straminea,a species widely distributed on the Tibetan *** rates of the photosynthetic electron transport(J_(max)),RuBP carboxylation(V_(cmax))and temperature sensitivity of respiration Q10 were obtained from the *** further estimated the leaf carbon budget of *** using the physiological parameters and environmental variables obtained in the *** findings 1)The OTCs consistently elevated the daily mean air temperature by;1.6℃and soil temperature by;0.5℃during the growing season.2)Despite the small difference in the temperature environment,there was strong tendency in the temperature acclimation of *** estimated temperature optimum of light-saturated photosynthetic CO_(2)uptake(A_(max))shifted;1℃higher from the plants under the ambient regime to those under the OTCs warming regime,and the Amax was significantly lower in the warming-acclimated leaves than the leaves outside the OTCs.3)Temperature acclimation of respiration was large and significant:the dark respiration rates of leaves developed in the warming regime were significantly lower than leaves from the ambient environments.4)The simulated net leaf carbon gain

关键词： alpine plant acclimation experimental warming open-top chamber photosynthesis temperature

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Ecohydrology from Concepts to On-ground Actions: Report of Special Side Event on Ecohydrology—An Interdisciplinary Challenge, January 5–7, 2009 in Bangkok, Thailand

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Chinese Geographical Science 2009年第2期19卷 194-194,F0003页

作者： ZHOU Demin Shahbaz KHAN Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun 130012 China Sustainable Water Resources Development and Management Section Division of Water Sciences UNESCO 1 rue Miollis 75015 Paris France

International Hydrological Programme VII (IHP-VII) directs the research objectives of hydrologists all over the world from 2008 to 2013. As a key programme contributed to the IHP VII, UNESCO's Ecohydrology Programme (EHP) has evolved into a trans-disciplinary scientific programme to analyze dynamic relationships between hydrological, social and ecological systems. Twenty international experts from 12 countries were invited

关键词：生态水文学跨学科曼谷泰国联合国教科文组织地面生态系统综合知识

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Integrating Downstream Ecological, Social and Economic Effects of Hydropower to Hydraulic Modeling: A Review

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World Journal of Mechanics 2023年第8期13卷 149-172页

作者： J. Bastian Höller Anders G. Andersson J. Gunnar I. Hellström division of Fluid and Experimental Mechanics Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics Lule&#229 University of Technology Lule&#229 Sweden

Hydropower gains increasing importance as a steerable and controllable power source in a renewable energy mix and deregulated markets. Although hydropower produces fossil-free energy, it has a significant impact on the local environment. This review investigates the effects of flow alterations by hydropower on the downstream river system and the possibilities to integrate these effects into hydraulic modeling. The results show that various effects of flow regulation on the ecosystem, but also social and economic effects on related communities were observed in the last decades. The application of hydraulic models for investigations of ecological effects is common. Especially hydraulic effects and effects on fish were extensively modeled with the help of hydraulic 1D- and 2D-simulations. Current applications to investigate social and economic effects integrated into hydraulic modeling are meanwhile limited. Approaches to realizing this integration are presented. Further research on the economic valuation of ecosystems and integration of social and economic effects to hydraulic models is necessary to develop holistic tools to support decision-making on sustainable hydropower.

关键词： Sustainable Hydropower Hydraulic Simulation River Regulation Down-stream Effects Integrated Modeling

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Species richness and species composition of fungal communities associated with cellulose decomposition at different altitudes on the Tibetan Plateau

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2009年第4期2卷 217-224页

作者： Dai Hirose Takashi Shirouzu Mitsuru Hirota Toshiyuki Ohtsuka Yukiko Senga Mingyuan Du Ayako Shimono Xianzhou Zhang College of Pharmacy Nihon UniversityFunabashiChiba 274-8555Japan Fungus/Mushroom Resource and Research Center Faculty of AgricultureTottori UniversityKoyamaTottori 680-0945Japan Graduate School of Life and Environmental Science University of TsukubaTsukubaIbaraki 305-8572Japan Institute of Basin Ecosystem Study Gifu UniversityGifu 501-1193Japan Faculty of Geo-Environmental Science Rissho UniversityKumagayaSaitama 360-0194Japan Agro-Meteorology division National Institute for Agro-Environmental ScienceTsukubaIbaraki 305-8604Japan Environmental Biology division National Institute for Environmental StudiesTsukubaIbaraki 305-8506Japan Lhasa Agro-ecological Experimental Station Chinese Academy of ScienceLhasaChina

Aims The aims of this study were to compare the fungal communities developing on cotton strips at three different altitudes on the Tibetan Plateau and to assess the environmental variables influencing *** Cotton strips that had been buried in soil for a year were sampled at three sites at different altitudes(4500,4950 and 5200 m)located on a southeast-facing slope on the Nyainqentanglha Mountains near *** fungi on the cotton strips were isolated using a modified washing *** decomposition abilities and colony growth properties of the major species cultured in pure-culture conditions were investigated and *** correspondence analysis(CCA)was used to evaluate the relationships between fungal community composition and environmental variables(altitude,soil depth,soil water content[SWC],plant root mass and gravel content).Important Findings A total of 24 species were isolated from the cotton strips,and 12 species occurred frequently and were regarded as major *** number of fungal species was lower at the 4950-m altitude site than at the other two sites,indicating that not only altitude but also other factors affected the number of species *** of the major species were able to decompose the cotton *** the CCA ordination,automatic forward selection revealed that altitude,SWC and plant root mass significantly affected fungal species *** results suggest thatspecies numberandthecomposition ofcellulolytic fungal communities are highly correlated with environmental variables as well as altitude in the alpine meadow on the Tibetan Plateau.

关键词： fungal community altitude alpine Tibetan Plateau cellulose

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Recombinase Polymerase Amplification Based Rapid Detection of Aroma Gene in Rice

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Rice science 2023年第2期30卷 96-99,I0010-I0013页

作者： Amrita BANERJEE S.BHARTI J.KUMAR P.SAR PRIYAMEDHA N.P.MANDAL S.SARKAR Somnath ROY Central Rainfed Upland Rice Research Station Indian Council of Agricultural Research(ICAR)-National Rice Research InstituteHazaribagJharkhand 825301India Department of Biotechnology Vinoba Bhave UniversityHazaribagJharkhand 825301India Crop Improvement division ICAR-National Rice Research InstituteCuttackOdisha 753006India

Recombinase polymerase amplification(RPA) has been emerged as an alternative to PCR due to its high specificity and sensitivity in diagnostics of animal and plant pathogens. In this study, an RPA protocol was develope... 详细信息

关键词： specificity Rec emerged

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A Mini-Review on Metal Recycling from Spent Lithium Ion Batteries

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Engineering 2018年第3期4卷 361-370页

作者： Xiaohong Zheng Zewen Zhu Xiao Lin Yi Zhang Yi He Hongbin Cao Zhi Sun Beijing Engineering Research Center of Process Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering Division of Environment Technology and Engineering Institute of Process Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China Toixing High School of Jiangsu Province Toixing 225400 China Solid Waste and Chemicals Management Center Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the People's Republic of China Beijing 100029 China

The rapid growth of lithium ion batteries （LIBs） for portable electronic devices and electric vehicles has resulted in an increased number of spent LIBs. Spent LIBs contain not only dangerous heavy metals but also toxic chemicals that pose a serious threat to ecosystems and human health. Therefore, a great deal of attention has been paid to the development of an efficient process to recycle spent LIBs for both economic aspects and environmental protection. In this paper, we review the state-of-the-art processes for metal recycling from spent LIBs, introduce the structure of a LIB, and summarize all available technologies that are used in different recovery processes. It is notable that metal extraction and pretreatment play impor- tant roles in the whole recovery process, based on one or more of the principles of pyrometallurgy, hydrometallurgy, biometallurgy, and so forth. By further comparing different recycling methods, existing challenges are identified and suggestions for improving the recycling effectiveness can be proposed.

关键词： Spent lithium ion batteries Valuable metals Pretreatment Metal extraction Product preparation Recycling

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