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Is the Sundarbans of Bangladesh in a State of Pollution?

Open Journal of Forestry 2024年第1期14卷 19-41页

作者： Mahmood Hossain Chameli Saha Sanjoy Saha Hawlader Mohammed Nurul Islam Mushfiq Ahmed Tanvir Ahmed Abdul Halim Farhad Sikder Md. Mutasim Billah Forestry and Wood Technology Discipline Khulna University Khulna Bangladesh Institute for Integrated Studies on the Sundarbans and Coastal ecosystems (IISSCE) Khulna University Khulna Bangla-desh Ecology Forestry and Biodiversity Division Center for Environmental and Geographic Information Services (CEGIS) Dhaka Bangladesh

The Sundarbans is the world’s most extensive natural mangrove forest and home to various natural resources. The population in the vicinity has increased, causing more dependency on the resources of the Sundarbans. The increasing industrialization, urbanization, aquaculture, intensive agricultural practices, seaports, tourism facilities, and so on in the peripheral areas of the Sundarbans have made significant changes in the surrounding and upstream land uses of the Sundarbans. This situation may have detrimental influences on the ecosystem components of the Sundarbans. Therefore, it is highly demanded to prepare a piece of baseline information or database of different sources of pollution and their present status in the various components of the Sundarbans. This effort helps to identify issues and concerns, determine the key elements of the ecosystem to monitor the level or overall quality of the Sundarbans ecosystem. The present study systematically collects the potential sources of pollution, types, and current levels in the ecosystem components of the Sundarbans using academic databases, libraries, and online resources. Discharge of industrial waste into water, soil and air, heavy metal pollution, use of agrochemicals, oil (refined and crude) pollution, plastic materials from urban areas, and tourism are the major issues and concerns related to the sustainability of the Sundarbans ecosystem. The air quality of the Sundarbans is in good condition with 0 - 50 AQI of Bangladesh. While BOD, COD, TDS, TSS varied from 2.0 to 3.8 mg/L, 21.6 to 416 mg/L, 146.9 to 24,100 mg/L and 54 to 155 mg/L, respectively. Soil EC, organic carbon, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus ranged from 3.01 - 5.82 mS/cm, 1.41% - 2.69%, 0.51 - 1.05 mg/g, and 0.32 - 0.51 mg/g respectively. The air, water and soil quality parameters varied with the sites and seasons and not much at the state of contamination. Indeed, we must pay much attention to the Sundarbans’ air, water and soil quality with

关键词： Ecosystem Mangroves Monitoring Pollution Soil Sundarbans

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SIZ1-mediated SUMOylation of CPSF100 promotes plant thermomorphogenesis by controlling alternative polyadenylation

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Molecular Plant 2024年第9期17卷 1392-1406页

作者： Zhibo Yu Jun Wang Cheng Zhang Qiuna Zhan Leqian Shi Bing Song Danlu Han Jieming Jiang Junwen Huang Xiaolin Ou Zhonghui Zhang Jianbin Lai Qingshun Quinn Li Chengwei Yang Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development School of Life ScienceSouth China Normal UniversityGuangzhou 510631China Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland ecosystems Cllege of the Environment and EcologyXiamen UniversityXiamenFujan 361102China Biomedical Science division College of Dental MedicineWestern University of Health SciencesPomonaCA 91766USA

Under warm temperatures,plants adjust their morphologies for environmental adaption via precise gene expression ***,the function and regulation of alternative polyadenylation(APA),an important fine-tuning of gene expression,remains unknown in plant *** this study,we found that SUMOylation,a critical post-translational modification,is induced by a long-term treat-ment at warm temperatures via a SUMO ligase SIZ1 in *** of SIZ1 altered the global usage of polyadenylation signals and affected the APA dynamic of thermomorphogenesis-related ***100,a key subunit of the CPSF complex for polyadenylation regulation,is SUMOylated by ***,we demonstrated that SUMOylation is essential for the function of CPSF1oo in genome-wide polyadenylation site choice during *** analyses revealed that the SUMO conjugation on CPSF100 attenuates its interaction with two isoforms of its partner CPSF30,increasing the nuclear accumulation of CPsF1oo for polyadenylation *** summary,our study uncovers a regulatory mechanism of APA via SiZ1-mediated SUMOylation in plant thermomorpho-genesis.

关键词： alternative polyadenylation CPSF100 SiZ1 SUMOylation thermomorphogenesis

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A precise monitoring of snow surface height in the region of Lambert Glacier basin-Amery Ice Shelf,East Antarctica

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Science China Earth Sciences 2005年第1期48卷 100-111页

作者： I.Allison Australian Antarctic division and Antarctic Climate and ecosystems CRC

The net surface snow accumulation on the Antarctic ice sheet is determined by a combination of precipitation, sublimation and wind redistribution. We present a one-year record of hourly snow-height measurements at LGB69 (70°50'S, 77°04'E, 1850 m a.s.l.). east side of Lambert Glacier basin (LGB), and 4 year record at G3 (70°53'S, 69°52'E, 84 m a.s.l.), Amery Ice Shelf (AIS). The measurements were made with ultrasonic sensors mounted on automatic weather stations installed at two sites. The snow accumulation at LGB69 is approximately 70 cm. Throughout the winter, between April and September, there was little change in surface snow height (SSH) at the two sites. The negative SSH change is due to densification at LGB69, and is due to both ablation and densification at G3. The strongest accumulation at two sites occurred during the period between October and March (accounting for 101.6% at LGB69), with four episodic increasing events occurring during 2002 for LGB69, and eight events during 1999-2002 for G3 (2 to 3 events per year). At LGB69, these episodic events coincided with obvious humidity 'pulses' and decreases of incoming solar radiation as recorded by the AWS. Observations of the total cloud amount at Davis station, 160 km NNE of LGB69, showed good correlation with major accumulation events recorded at LGB69. There was an obvious anti-correlation between the lowest cloud height at Davis and the daily accumulation rate at LGB69. Although there was no correlation over the total year between wind speed and accumulation at LGB69, large individual accumulation events are associated with episodes of strong wind (>7 m/s), we estimate drift snow may contribute to total SSH up to 35%. Strong accumulation events at LGB69 are associated with major storms in the region and inland transport of moist air masses from the coast.

关键词： Antarctica, Lambert Glacier basin, Amery Ice Shelf, accumulation, katabatic wind.

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The effects of data aggregation on long-term projections of forest stands development

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Forest ecosystems 2024年第3期11卷 381-389页

作者： Kobra Maleki Rasmus Astrup Nicolas Cattaneo Wilson Lara Henao Clara Anton-Fernandez Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research Division of Forestry and Forest ResourcesP.O.Box 115ÅsNO-1431Norway

Forest management planning often relies on Airborne Laser Scanning(ALS)-based Forest Management Inventories(FMIs)for sustainable and efficient *** the area-based(ABA)approach,these inventories estimate forest characteristics for grid cell areas(pixels),which are then usually summarized at the stand *** the ALS-based high-resolution Norwegian Forest Resource Maps(16 m×16 m pixel resolution)alongside with stand-level growth and yield models,this study explores the impact of three levels of pixel aggregation(standlevel,stand-level with species strata,and pixel-level)on projected stand *** results indicate significant differences in the projected outputs based on the aggregation ***,the most substantial difference in estimated volume occurred between stand-level and pixel-level aggregation,ranging from-301 to+253 m^(3)·ha^(-1)for single *** differences were,on average,higher for broadleaves than for spruce and pine dominated stands,and for mixed stands and stands with higher variability than for pure and homogenous *** conclusion,this research underscores the critical role of input data resolution in forest planning and management,emphasizing the need for improved data collection practices to ensure sustainable forest management.

关键词： Growth and yield models Dominant species Norway spruce Scots pine Broadleaves Forest resource map Stand variability

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Estimating wood quality attributes from dense airborne LiDAR point clouds

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Forest ecosystems 2024年第2期11卷 226-235页

作者： Nicolas Cattaneo Stefano Puliti Carolin Fischer Rasmus Astrup Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research(NIBIO) Division of Forest and Forest ResourcesHøgskoleveien 81433ÅsNorway

Mapping individual tree quality parameters from high-density LiDAR point clouds is an important step towards improved forest *** present a novel machine learning-based workflow that uses individual tree point clouds from drone laser scanning to predict wood quality indicators in standing *** object reconstruction methods,our approach is based on simple metrics computed on vertical slices that summarize information on point distances,angles,and geometric attributes of the space between and around the *** models use these slice metrics as predictors and achieve high accuracy for predicting the diameter of the largest branch per log (DLBs) and stem diameter at different heights (DS) from survey-grade drone laser *** show that our models are also robust and accurate when tested on suboptimal versions of the data generated by reductions in the number of points or emulations of suboptimal single-tree segmentation *** approach provides a simple,clear,and scalable solution that can be adapted to different situations both for research and more operational mapping.

关键词： UAV laser scanning Wood quality Machine learning Point cloud metrics

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Diversity of Saccharomyces boulardii CNCM I-745 mechanisms of action against intestinal infections

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2019年第18期25卷 2188-2203页

作者： Dorota Czerucka Patrick Rampall Department of Human Health Division of Ecosystems and Immunity Center Scientific of Monaco Center Scientific of Monaco

The yeast Saccharomyces boulardii CNCM I-745 is one of the probiotics recommended for the prevention of antibiotic-associated diarrhea. Studies conducted in vivo and in vitro demonstrated that in the case of infectious diseases there are two potential sites of action of Saccharomyces boulardii CNCM I-745:(1)An action on enteropathogenic microorganisms(adhesion of bacteria and their elimination or an effect on their virulence factors: Toxins, lipopolysaccharide,etc.); and(2) a direct action on the intestinal mucosa(trophic effects, effects on epithelial reconstitution, anti-secretory effects, anti-inflammatory,immunomodulators). Oral administration of Saccharomyces boulardii CNCM I-745 to healthy subjects does not alter their microbiota. However, in the case of diseases associated with the use of antibiotics or chronic diarrhea, Saccharomyces boulardii CNCM I-745 can restore the intestinal microbiota faster. The interaction of Saccharomyces boulardii CNCM I-745 with the innate immune system have been recently demonstrated thus opening up a new therapeutic potential of this yeast in the case of diseases associated with intestinal infections but also other pathologies associated with dysbiosis such as inflammatory diseases.

关键词： Saccharomyces boulardii CNCM I-745 Probiotics Yeast Intestinal infection Mechanism

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Influence of Soil Properties on Zinc Solubility Dynamics Under Different Redox Conditions in Non-Calcareous Soils

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Pedosphere 2017年第1期27卷 96-105页

作者： Michelle Anne Belen BUNQUIN Susan TANDY Sarah Johnson BEEBOUT Rainer SCHULIN Crop and Environmental Sciences division International Rice Research InstituteCollegeLos Banos Soil Protection Institute of Terrestrial EcosystemsETH Zurich

Zinc(Zn) deficiency in paddy soils is often a problem for rice *** can decrease metal availability in some noncalcareous soils through different mechanisms associated with soil redox *** experiments were performed in order to better understand the processes that governed the dynamics of Zn in non-calcareous paddy soils at varying redox potentials(Eh).Airdried non-calcareous soil samples collected from four different paddy field sites in the Philippines were submerged and incubated in a reaction cell with continuous stirring and nitrogen purging for 4 weeks,and then purged with compressed air for another week to reoxidize the *** Eh of the four soils started at 120 to 300 mV,decreased to —220 to —300 mV after 100 to 250 h of reduction,and was maintained at this low plateau for about 2 weeks before increasing again upon *** solubility showed contrasting patterns in the four soils,with two of the soils showing a decrease in soluble Zn as the Eh became low,probably due to zinc sulfide(ZnS) *** contrast,the other two soils showed that Zn solubility was maintained during the reduced phase which could be due to the competition with iron(Fe) for precipitation with *** in the relative amounts of S,Fe,and manganese(Mn) oxides in the four soils apparently influenced the pattern of Zn solubility after flooding.

关键词： microcosm paddy soil precipitation rice soil sulfide speciation Zn availability

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Global patterns of phosphorus transformation in relation to latitude,temperature and precipitation

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Pedosphere 2021年第1期31卷 214-220页

作者： Jia-Zhong ZHANG Ocean Chemistry and ecosystems division Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological LaboratoryNational Oceanic and Atmospheric AdministrationMiami FL 33149USA

Dear Editor,Phosphorus (P) is essential and often a limiting nutrient for biological production on land and in the seas (Elser et al., 2007). The biologically available P to terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems ultimate... 详细信息

关键词： latitude phosphorus transformation

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Species Diversity and Population Status of Threatened Plants in Different Landscape Elements of the Rohtang Pass,Western Himalaya

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Journal of Mountain Science 2008年第1期5卷 73-83页

作者： K.N.Singh Gopichand Amit Kumar Brij Lal N.P.Todaria biodiversity division Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (CSIR)PalampurHimachal Pradesh176 061India Forestry department HNB Garhwal UniversitySrinagarUttarakhandIndia

This paper highlights the quantitative estimates of plant species diversity and ecosystems of the Rohtang Pass,which is one of the most preferred visiting spots by tourists in Himachal Pradesh (H.P.),India. In spite of high pressure of anthropogenic activities,the Rohtang Pass still harbours a variety of flowering plants with economic value,including various medicinal herbs. In order to observe species diversity in different landscape elements (LSEs),ground surveys were conducted in nine unique LSEs within the elevation range between 3624 m and 4332 m. Plant community structure in each LSE was studied using stratified random sampling where a total 56 quadrats of 1 m2 in size for herbs and 7 quadrats of 25 m2 for shrubs were made. Of the total 50 plant species belonging to 15 families recorded in different random quadrats,24 species were found of medicinal value. Maximum species richness (18) and value of Shannon diversity (H'=2.2648) were observed on northeast-facing slope in Picrorhiza kurrooa dominated LSE in moist area,followed by Rheum emodi LSE (species richness = 17 and H' = 2.4141) distributed on south-facing slope. Maximum values of species richness and Shannon diversity in Rheum emodi LSE were observed between 8 ～ 12 and 1.4797 ～ 2.1911,respectively. Rhododendron anthopogon dominated LSE on northwest-facing slope was found least diverse in terms of species richness where the Simpson index of dominance (D) was 0.4205. The species were equal in abundance in P. kurrooa LSE on east-facing slope and Pleurospermum candollii LSE on north-facing slope,showing the maximum similarity in terms of species distribution between the two LSEs. Low turnover of species across common LSEs gives an idea regarding their limited distribution. Five species of threatened category according to the IUCN criteria were observed in seven LSEs. The largest population of threatened medicinal plants was recorded on northeast and northwest-facing slopes where population density of Bergenia

关键词： Species diversity threatened plant landscape Rohtang Pass western Himalaya

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Differences in Tree Species Diversity and Soil Nutrient Status in a Tropical Sacred Forest Ecosystem on Niyamgiri Hill Range,Eastern Ghats,India

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Journal of Mountain Science 2012年第4期9卷 492-500页

作者： Sudam Charan SAHU Nabin Kumar DHAL Brij LAL Rama Chandra MOHANTY Environment and Sustainability Department CSIR-IMMTBhubaneswar-751013India biodiversity division CSIR-IHBTPalampurIndia Department of Botany Utkal UniversityBhubaneswar-751004India

We have quantitatively analyzed the tree species diversity with respect to soil nutrient status in three sites of a sacred forest ecosystem of Niyamgiri hill range, Eastern Ghats, India. Extensive field surveys and sampling were conducted in 3 sites of the hill range： Site 1 Pterocarpus dominated forest （PTF）（19°40＇02.2＇＇ N and 83°21＇23.1＇＇ E）, Site 2 Mangifera dominated forest （MAF）（19°40＇02.8＇＇ N and 83°21＇40.8＇＇ E） and Site 3 Mixed forest （MIF）（19°36＇47.1＂ N and 83°21＇02.7＇＇ E）. A total of 28 families, 42 genera, 46 tree species, and 286 individual trees were recorded on an area of0.6 ha. Tree density varied between 470 and 49o individuals ha and average basal area between 3.16 and l0.04 m2 ha-1. Shannon Index （H＇） ranged from 2.34 to 4.53, Simpson＇s Index ranged from 0.07 to o.09, and equitability Index ranged from 0.7 to 1.34. The number of individuals was highest in the girth at breast height （GBH） class of 50-7o cm. The soil nutrient status of the three forest types was related to tree species diversity. The soil pH value of the three sites reflected the slightly acidic nature of the area. Species diversity was positively correlated with organic carbon and phosphorus and negatively with nitrogen, EC and pH. The results of the current study may be helpful to further develop a conservation planfor tree species in tropical sacred forest ecosystems.

关键词： Tree species diversity Sacred forestecosystem Soil nutrient status Eastern Ghats

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