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Ethylene†and fruit softening

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Food Quality and Safety 2017年第4期1卷 253-267页

作者： Greg Tucker Xueren Yin Aidi Zhang MiaoMiao Wang Qinggang Zhu Xiaofen Liu Xiulan Xie Kunsong Chen Don Grierson division of Nutritional Biochemistry School of BiosciencesUniversity of NottinghamSutton Bonington CampusLoughboroughLE125RDUK Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology/The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural plant Growth Development and Quality ImprovementZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China plant&crop Sciences division School of BiosciencesUniversity of NottinghamSutton Bonington CampusLoughboroughLE125RDUK

This review is concerned with the mechanisms controlling fruit *** genetic regulators switch on the ripening programme and the regulatory pathway branches downstream,with separate controls for distinct quality attributes such as colour,flavour,texture,and *** plays a critical role as a ripening hormone and is implicated in controlling different facets of ripening,including texture change,acting through a range of transcriptional regulators,and this signalling can be blocked using 1-methylcyclopropene.A battery of at least seven cell-wall-modifying enzymes,most of which are synthesized de novo during ripening,cause major alterations in the structure and composition of the cell wall components and contribute to the softening *** differences between fruits may be related to the precise structure and composition of their cell walls and the enzymes recruited to the ripening programme during *** to slow texture change and reduce fruit spoilage by delaying the entire ripening process can often affect negatively other aspects of quality,and low temperatures,in particular,can have deleterious effects on texture *** silencing has been used to probe the function of individual genes involved in different aspects of ripening,including colour,flavour,ethylene synthesis,and particularly texture *** picture that emerges is that softening is a multi-genic trait,with some genes making a more important contribution than *** future,it may be possible to control texture genetically to produce fruits more suitable for our needs.

关键词： Cell walls Ethene Pectate lyase Polygalacturonase Tomato.

Maize Carbohydrate Partitioning Defective33 Encodes an MCTP Protein and Functions in Sucrose Export from Leaves

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Molecular plant 2019年第9期12卷 1278-1293页

作者： Thu M.Tran Tyler J.McCubbin Saadia Bihmidine Benjamin T.Julius R.Frank Baker Martin Schauflinger Clifford Weil Nathan Springer Paul Chomet Ruth Wagner Jeff Woessner Karen Grote Jeanette Peevers Thomas L.Slewinski David M.Braun division of Biological Sciences’Interdisciplinary plant Group Missouri Maize CenterUniversity of MissouriColumbiaMO 65211USA division of plant Sciences University of MissouriColumbiaMO 65211USA Electron Microscopy Core Facility University of MissouriColumbiaMO 65211USA Department of Agronomy Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteIN 47907USA Department of plant and Microbial Biology University of MinnesotaSaint PaulMN 55108USA NRGene Inc. 8910 University Center Lane\r\n S u ite 400San DiegoCA 92122USA Bayer crop Science ChesterfieldMO 63017USA National Key Laboratory for plant Cell Technology Agricultural Genetics InstituteHanoiVietnam

To sustain plant growth,development,and crop yield,sucrose must be transported from leaves to distant parts of the plant,such as seeds and *** identify genes that regulate sucrose accumulation and transport in maize(Zea mays),we isolated carbo/iydrafe part/f/ofi/ngf defecf/Ve33(cpd33),a recessive mutant that accumulated excess starch and soluble sugars in mature *** cpd33 mutants also exhibited chlorosis in the leaf blades,greatly diminished plant growth,and reduced ***33 encodes a protein containing multiple C2 domains and transmembrane *** localization experiments showed the CPD33 protein localized to plasmodesmata(PD),the plasma membrane,and the endoplasmic *** also found that a loss-of-function mutant of the CPD33 homolog in Arabidopsis,QUIRKY,had a similar carbohydrate hyperaccumulation *** labeled sucrose transport assays showed that sucrose export was significantly lower in cpd33 mutant leaves relative to wild-type ***,PD transport in the adaxial-abaxial direction was unaffected in cpd33 mutant ***,transmission electron microscopy revealed fewer PD at the companion cell-sieve element interface in mutant phloem tissue,providing a possible explanation for the reduced sucrose export in mutant ***,our results suggest that CPD33 functions to promote symplastic transport into sieve elements.

关键词： carbohydrate accumulation companion cells phloem, plasmodesmata sieve elements symplastictransport

Xa1 Allelic R Genes Activate Rice Blight Resistance Suppressed by Interfering TAL Effectors

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plant Communications 2020年第4期1卷 54-62页

作者： Chonghui Ji Zhiyuan Ji Bo Liu He Cheng Hua Liu Sanzhen Liu Bing Yang Gongyou Chen division of plant Sciences C.Bond Life Science CenterUniversity of MissouriColumbiaMO 65211USA School of Agriculture and Biology/State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240P.R.China National Key Facility for crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement(NFCRI) Institute of Crop SciencesChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081P.R.China Department of plant Pathology Kansas State UniversityManhattanKS 66506USA Donald Danforth plant Science Center St.LouisMO 63132USA

Xanthomonas oryzae pathovar oryzae(Xoo)uses transcription activator-like effectors(TALEs)to cause bacterial blight(BB)in *** turn,rice has evolved several mechanisms to resist BB by targeting *** mechanism involves the nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat(NLR)resistance gene Xa1 and ***,Xoo has evolved TALE variants,C-terminally truncated versions(interfering TALEs or iTALEs),to overcome Xa1 ***,it remains unknown to what extent the two co-adaptive mechanisms mediate Xoo–rice *** this study,we cloned and characterized five additional Xa1 allelic R genes,Xa2,Xa31(t),Xa14,CGS-Xo111,and Xa45(t)from a collection of rice *** analysis revealed that Xa2 and Xa31(t)from different rice cultivars are *** genes and their predicted proteins were found to be highly conserved,forming a group of Xa1 *** XA1 alleles could be distinguished by the number of C-terminal tandemrepeats consisting of 93 amino acid residues and ranged from four in XA14 to seven in XA45(t).Xa1 allelic genes were identified in the 3000 rice genomes *** the other hand,iTALEs could suppress the resistance mediated by Xa1 allelic R genes,and iTALE genes were prevalent(95%)in Asian,but not in African Xoo *** findings demonstrate the prominence of a defense mechanism in which rice depends on Xa1 alleles and a counteracting mechanismin which Xoo relies on iTALEs for BB.

关键词： Xa2 Xa14 Xa45(t) TAL effector iTAL effector bacterial blight

Incidence and Development of Powdery Mildew （Blumeria graminis ***. tritici） in the Czech Republic in the Years 1999-2010 and Race Spectrum of This Population

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Journal of Life Sciences 2012年第7期6卷 786-793页

作者： Lubomir Vechet crop Research Institute Division of Plant Genetics Breeding and Product Quality Drnovska 507 Prague-Ruzyne Czech Republic

Powdery mildew （Blumeria graminis ***. tritici） is one of the most important leaf diseases of wheat on the worldwide. Evolutionary potential of a pathogen population is reflected in its population genetic structure. Severity of powdery mildew in twelve years of small-plot experiments was in individual years different. Incidence of powdery mildew was followed in 1999-2010 and powdery mildew development was studied in 2003 and 2004 in the crop Research Institute （CRI）. These experiments were made on the cultivar Kanzler, susceptible cultivar to powdery mildew. Disease severity was made as a percentage of typical symptoms of the disease. Structure of powdery mildew population was probed in 2009 and 2010 in CRI and in the locality Humpolec. The highest was in 2004 and the lowest in 2003. Development of the disease in two extreme years depended on progress of weather factors mainly to average daily temperature and photosynthetic active radiation. In the year 2009 was higher disease severity in CRI than in the CRI station in Humpolec but in 2010 vice versa higher disease severity was in Humpolec. Observation showed that in small distances of two localities can be differences in composition of powdery mildew population. Higher virulence in CRI was to the gene of specific resistance Pml whereas in Humpolec to the gene Pm 17. In the year 2010 in CRI was the highest virulence to the gene Pm 1 whereas in Humpolec the highest virulence was to the genes Pm3fand Pm4a. Differences of powdery mildew were in 12 years of observation were very distinct and showed difference in structure of powdery mildew population in near localities.

关键词： Powdery mildew incidence development virulence race spectrum.

A new species of Anastatus(Hymenoptera:Eulpelmidae) from China,parasitizing eggs of Lycorma delicatula(Homoptera:Fulgoridae)

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Zoological Systematics 2015年第3期40卷 290-302页

作者： Zhong-Qi Yang Wan-Yuong Choi Liang-Ming Cao Xiao-Yi Wang Zheng-Rong Hou Research Institute of Forest Ecology Environment and ProtectionChinese Academy of Forestry Beneficial Insect Lab Crop Protection DivisionNational Academy of Agricultural ScienceRural Development Administration plant Protection Station

A new species of Anastatus Motschulsky, 1859 （Hymenoptera： Eupelmidae）, A. orientalis Yang ＆ Choi, sp. nov. is described from China. It is a solitary endo-parasitoid in egg of the spotted lanternfly, Lycorma delicatula （White）（Homoptera： Fulgoridae）, which causes damages to many ornamental and fruit trees in China. The brief biology of the new parasitoid is also mentioned. The new species has high potential as a biocontrol agent for suppression of the pest because of its parasitism rates of egg masses 30.4% and of eggs 40.2% respectively with sex ratio of female to male 1.9：1.0, as well as the relative easiness for mass rearing. The detailed feature characters and photos of the new species are supplied. Meanwhile, a key to distinguish the present new species from the other close two （A. japonicus and A. bifasciatus） in the genus is provided. Type specimens are deposited in the Insect Museum, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China.

关键词： Egg parasitoid new species Anastatus biocontrol agent Lycorma delicatula,China.

Overseas immigration of fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), invading Korea and Japan in 2019

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Insect Science 2022年第2期29卷 505-520页

作者： Ming-Fei Wu Guo-Jun Qi Hui Chen Jian Ma Jie Liu Yu-Ying Jiang Gwan-Seok Lee Akira Otuka Gao Hu College of plant Protection Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing210095 China Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of High Technology for plant Protection/plant Protection Research Institute Guangdong Academy of Agricultural SciencesGuangzhou510640 China division of Pest Forecasting China National Agro-Tech Extension and Service CenterBeijing100026 China Department of Agro-food Safety and crop Protection National Institute of Agricultural SciencesWanju55365 Korea Institute of Agricultural Machinery National Agriculture and Food Research OrganizationTsukuba3058517 Japan

The fall armyworm(FAW),Spodoptera frugiperda(***),spread rapidly in Africa and Asia recently,causing huge economic losses in crop *** armyworm caterpillars were first detected in South Korea and Japan in June ***,the migration timing and path for FAW into the countries were estimated by a trajectory simulation approach implementing the insect's flight *** result showed that FAWs found in both South Korea and Japan were estimated to have come from eastern China by crossing the Yellow Sea or the East China Sea in 10–36 h in three series of *** the first series,FAW moths that arrived on Jeju Island during 22–24 May were estimated to be from Zhejiang,Anhui and Fujian Provinces after 1–2 nights’*** the second series,it was estimated that FAW moths landed in southern Korea and Kyushu region of Japan simultaneously or successively during 5–9 June,and these moths mostly came from Guangdong and Fujian *** FAW moths in the third series were estimated to have immigrated from Taiwan Province onto Okinawa Islands during 19–24 *** these migrations,southwesterly low-level jets extending from eastern China to southern Korea and/or Japan were observed in the northwestern periphery of the western Pacific Subtropical *** results,for the first time,suggested that the overseas FAW immigrants invading Korea and Japan came from eastern and southern *** study is helpful for future monitoring,early warning and the source control of this pest in the two countries.

关键词： Asian migration arena atmospheric circulation Spodoptera frugiperda trajectory analysis windbome insect migration

Effects of nanofertilizer and nano-plant hormone on soil chemical properties and microbial community in two different soil types

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Pedosphere 2023年第5期33卷 765-775页

作者： John Lester Viscara PIDE Nolissa Delmo ORGANO Andre Freire CRUZ Lilia M.FERNANDO Lucille C.VILLEGAS Evelyn F.DELFIN Michelle Ann Magat CALUBAQUIB Roselle Estera MADAYAG Erlinda S.PATERNO division of Soil Science Agricultural Systems InstituteCollege of Agriculture and Food Science(CAFS)University of the Philippines Los Baños(UPLB)CollegeLaguna 4031Philippines Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences Kyoto Prefectural University1-5 Shimogamohangi-choSakyo-kuKyoto 606-8522Japan crop Biotechnology division Institute of Crop ScienceCAFSUPLBCollegeLaguna 4031Philippines Microbiology division Institute of Biological SciencesCollege of Arts and SciencesUPLBCollegeLaguna 4031Philippines Institute of plant Breeding CAFSUPLBCollegeLaguna 4031Philippines Isabela State University Cabagan Campus Isabela 3328Philippines

Application of nanotechnology in agriculture has been expanded to improve crop *** impact of nanomaterials(NMs)on factors that influence the survival and function of beneficial microorganisms is a less studied aspect that needs to be better *** a few studies have assessed the effects of NMs on beneficial soil *** study was conducted to assess the effects of nanofertilizer FertiGroe?N(FG-N)and nano-plant hormone HormoGroe?auxin(HG-A)on the chemical properties and microbial communities of two contrasting soils,Lipa clay loam(CL)and Sariaya sandy loam(SL),over a 35-d incubation period in the *** and fungal communities were evaluated using amplicon sequencing analysis within the 16S and internal transcribed spacer regions,*** application of FG-N significantly decreased soil pH,but did not affect total N and available P for both soil types.A significant increase in exchangeable K was observed only in Lipa *** application of HG-A had no significant effect on soil chemical *** the bacterial community after incubation,the relative abundances of Acidobacteriia,Chthonomonadetes,and Saccharimonadia decreased,whereas Acidimicrobiia,Chloroflexia,and Gemmatimonadetes increased with FG-N application in Lipa *** application of HG-A increased the relative abundance of Rubrobacteria,Chthonomonadetes,and Chloroflexia in Lipa *** the fungal community,FG-N application increased the relative abundance of Sordariomycetes,Agaricomycetes,and Eurotiomycetes,whereas Dothideomycetes and Mortierellomycetes decreased in Lipa CL after *** Sariaya SL,FG-N application increased the relative abundance of Dothideomycetes,Eurotiomycetes,and Mortierellomycetes,but decreased that of Sordariomycetes and *** classes observed in the control samples were not detected in the HG-A treatment,but were recovered after incubation in Lipa *** microbial diversity in both soil types showed sl

关键词： amplicon sequencing bacterial community crop production fungal community microbial diversity nanomaterial nanotechnology

Effect of calcium silicate on nutrient use of lowland rice and greenhouse gas emission from a paddy soil under alternating wetting and drying

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Pedosphere 2020年第4期30卷 535-543页

作者： Hyun-Hwoi KU Keiichi HAYASHI Ruth AGBISIT Gina VILLEGAS-PANGGA crop and Environmental Sciences division International Rice Research InstituteLos BanosLaguna 4031(Philippines) Fanning Systems and Soil Resources Institute Agricultural Systems ClusterCollege of AgricultureUniversity of the Philippines at Los BanosLaguna 4031(Philippines) crop Livestock and Environment DivisionJapan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences1-1 OhwashiTsukubalbaraki 305-0851(Japan)

In intensively irrigated rice cultivation,plant-available silicon(Si)is a crucial nutrient for improving rice *** a source of Si,calcium silicate(CaSiO3)was amended to evaluate the effect of silicate fertilizer on rice production,nitrogen(N)use efficiency,and greenhouse gas(GHG)emission under alternating wetting and drying in a pot experiment using a tropical soil from a paddy field of the International Rice Research Institute(IRRI)in the *** levels of CaSiO3 amendment,0,112.7,224.5,and 445.8 kg ha^-1,with the recommended N rate were *** results showed that although CaSiO3amendment of 112.7 kg ha^-1resulted in higher rice straw,improved N use efficiency,and reduced N2O emission,there was no difference in grain yield among the four levels of CaSiO3 amendment owing to relatively lower harvest ***,CaSiO3 amendment showed a reverse trend between CH4 and N2O emissions as it reduced N2O emission while led to significantly increased CH4 emission and global warming ***,CaSiO3 amendment was a possible alternative to improve N use efficiency and increase rice straw biomass,but it needs to be reviewed in line with grain yield production and GHG *** is also imperative to test an optimal method of silicate fertilizer amendment in future research in order to compromise a negative impact in tropical soils.

关键词： CH4 emission N use efficiency N2O emission plant-available Si rice straw biomass silicate fertilizer tropical soil

Time course of physiological,biochemical,and gene expression changes under short-term salt stress in Brassica juncea L.

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The crop Journal 2017年第3期5卷 219-230页

作者： Manish Pandey Suprasanna Penna plant Stress Physiology and Biotechnology Section Nuclear Agriculture and Biotechnology DivisionBhabha Atomic Research CentreTrombayMumbai 400085India

Salinity-imposed limitations on plant growth are manifested through osmotic and ionic imbalances. However, because salinity-induced responses vary considerably among crop plants, monitoring of such responses at an early stage has relevance. In this study,physiological(seed germination, seed vigor index, root length, shoot length, fresh weight,dry weight) and biochemical attributes(osmoprotectants, K^+/Na^+ ratio) were analyzed for a time-course assessment of salt responses in Indian mustard(Brassica juncea L.) with an emphasis on early monitoring. The results showed strong correlations for total soluble sugars at germination phase(24 h), proline content in the seedling establishment phase(48 h) and various physiological parameters including seed vigor index(R^2= 0.901), shoot length(R^2= 0.982), and fresh weight(R^2= 0.980) at 72 h(adaptation under stress). In addition, transcriptional changes were observed under NaCl treatment for key genes belonging to the family of selective ion transporters(NHX, HKT) and abscisic acid synthesis(AAO-3). The status of mitochondrial respiration was also examined as a probe for salinity tolerance at an early stage. The results suggested that although all the analyzed parameters showed correlations(negative or positive) with salt stress magnitude, their critical response times differed, with most of the studied biochemical, physiological, or molecular markers providing valuable information only after radicle emergence, whereas mitochondrial respiration via alternative oxidase was useful for the early detection of salt responses.

关键词： Alternative oxidase Brassica Osmolytes Salinity Seed germination