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Geochemistry of shales of middle Permian Barren Measures Formation,West Bokaro Basin,India:Implications on provenance,paleodepositional and paleoclimatic conditions

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Journal of Palaeogeography 2025年第01期14卷 40-65页

作者： Mritunjoy Banerjee Biplab Bhattacharya Arnab Bhattacharya Aniruddha Pathak Partha Pratim Banerjee Department of earth sciences Indian Institute of Technology Natural Resource division Tata Steel Limited

Geochemical analyses of fine-grained clastic sedimentary rocks,such as shales,are significant since they portray the nature of the control factors from source to sink in a sedimentary basin,and help characterizing the heterogeneity in potential source and/or reservoir *** rock geochemistry（including major element oxides,trace elements and rare earth elements） of 20 shale samples from the Permian Barren Measures Formation,West Bokaro Basin,Peninsular India,is presented to decipher the provenance,paleoweathering,paleotectonic,paleodepositional and paleoredox conditions of the basin within the Lower Gondwana paleogeographic framework.X-ray diffraction（XRD） peaks and scanning electron microscopy（SEM）reveal an abundance of quartz,muscovite and clay minerals,viz.,illite,kaolinite,etc.,with less abundant feldspar and *** concentrations of major element oxides,trace elements and rare earth elements（REEs） of the shale samples are compared with predefined standards such as PAAS and *** CIA（chemical index of alteration） and the A-CN-K values,based on the ratios of the major element oxides,signify intense chemical *** ratios of Sr/Cu versus Rb/Sr and K2O/Al2O3versus Ga/Rb,and high ∑REE values indicate a temperate *** of the major element oxides（e.g.,K2O/Na2O versus SiO2） suggest a passive tectonic *** Eu/Eu*and（Gd/Yb）_n values depict predominantly post-Archean granitic and gneissic source *** ratios of trace elements,viz.,Th/Sc,Th/Co,Th/Cr,La/Sc and Eu/Eu*,and the distribution pattern of the REEs（higher LREE in comparison to HREE） attest to a felsic-intermediate source from a nearby *** redox-sensitive trace elements,such as V and Ni,indicate a dysoxic condition that prevailed during *** ratios of Fe2O3versus MgO and Log（MgO/Al2O3） versus Log（K2O/Al2O3）,and the ternary plots of Fe2O3-MgO-SiO2/Al2O3suggest a non-marine to deltaic transitional *** evidence of marine influences during

关键词： Guadalupian Lower Gondwana Passive margin rift basin Fluvial–marine transition Anoxic condition West Bokaro Basin

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The P-wave velocity and azimuthal anisotropy structure of southeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau from adjoint-state traveltime tomography

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Science China earth sciences 2025年第3期68卷 702-719页

作者： Xuezhen ZHANG Xiaodong SONG Jing CHEN Lei ZHANG Ping TONG Yan'e LI State Key Laboratory of Deep earth and Mineral Exploration School of Earth and Space Sciences Peking University division of Mathematical sciences School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Nanyang Technological University Institute of Geophysics China Earthquake Administration

The southeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau is a crucial region to understand the mechanisms of plateau uplift and deformation. This region is seismically active and has experienced multiple large earthquakes, resulting in significant human and economic losses. Constructing velocity and anisotropic tomography models is crucial for understanding the seismogenic mechanism and deep structural deformation in this area. In this study, we extract high-quality P-wave first-arrival data from the earthquake catalog of the China earthquake Administration and use them to construct both common-receiver and commonsource differential traveltime datasets. We then apply a novel adjoint-state traveltime tomography approach to obtain new Pwave velocity and azimuthal anisotropy models for the region. This method eliminates the need for ray tracing, thereby reducing the potential bias from the ray theory and ray tracing. A comparison between our results and previous imaging models and shearwave splitting measurements reveals several new details. The results indicate weak anisotropy in the shallow depth of the central Chuandian block. Two low-velocity anomalies are identified beneath the Songpan-Ganzi and Lijiang-Xiaojinhe fault zones, as well as beneath the Xiaojiang Fault. The distinct anisotropic characteristics of these two low-velocity anomalies suggest different tectonic contexts: Beneath the Songpan-Ganzi and Lijiang-Xiaojinhe fault zones, the azimuthal anisotropy aligns north-south and northeast-southwest, while beneath the Xiaojiang Fault, it aligns northwest-southeast. In addition, the anisotropy of the upper mantle in the southern part of the study area has a significant east-west feature. The earthquake relocation results reveal intensified seismic activity in regions with significant velocity contrasts and near fault zones. Segmental seismic activity is observed along some major fault zones, and seismicity is also more pronounced in fault intersection areas. The new imag

关键词： Azimuthal anisotropy P-wave velocity Adjoint-state tomography Tibetan Plateau Sichuan and Yunnan

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Gradient maturation experiment on hairs implies taphonomic changes in fossil hairs

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Science China earth sciences 2025年第1期68卷 62-73页

作者： Xin LI Yibo ZHOU Tao ZHAO Xingjian HE Yanhong PAN State Key Laboratory for Mineral Deposits Research Center for Critical Earth Material CyclingCentre for Research and Education on Biological Evolution and Environment and Frontiers ScienceSchool of Earth Sciences and EngineeringNanjing UniversityNanjing210023China Institute of Palaeontology Yunnan Key Laboratory of Earth System ScienceYunnan Key Laboratory for PalaeobiologyYunnan UniversityKunming650500China

Mammalian hair,as a key feature related to endothermy,physical protection,and camouflage,has a long geohistorical record that dates back even to the ***,the limited information on the taphonomy of hair hinders the understanding of its evolutionary significance in deep *** address this,we conducted taphonomic experiments to simulate the transformation process of black *** changes in the morphological structure,microscopic characteristics,and chemical composition of hair during the simulated fossilization process were documented by scanning electron microscopy,Fourier transform infrared(FTIR)spectroscopy,and Raman *** results revealed that damage to the morphology of hair began at a mild temperature(150–175℃),and hair transformed into a fluid-like mass at a relatively high temperature(200℃).In addition,the morphological structure of melanosomes had relatively greater preservation potential than keratins did,and the microscopic features of melanosomes were persistently *** Raman and FTIR spectra indicated that the characteristic melanin and keratin peaks changed as the temperature *** the chemical signals were not lost completely,the variations in the characteristic amide bands in the FTIR spectra indicate that the keratins severely degraded at high temperatures(>200℃),whereas the characteristic melanin bands in the Raman spectra suggested that melanin signals were still recognizable,even at high temperatures(>200℃).These results were confirmed by principal component analysis(PCA)and principal component analysis linear discriminant analysis(PCA–LDA).In addition,the Raman signals of all the samples in the simulated experiments were distinguished from the signals of common geological carbonaceous materials(humic acid),which suggested that Raman spectroscopy can be used to detect melanin in fossils.

关键词： Mammalian hair Melanin Keratin Fossilization Experimental taphonomy

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Paleomapping:Creating testable visual hypotheses of ancient worlds

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Journal of Palaeogeography 2025年第01期14卷 91-104页

作者： Holger Petermann Annaka M.Clement Patrick M.Sullivan Hannah M.Bonner James W.Hagadorn Department of earth and Space sciences Denver Museum of Nature & Science Colorado School of Mines Department of Geology and Geologic Engineering division of Water Quality Utah Department of Environmental Quality

The story of the earth's changing landscapes is often told through paleogeographic maps. These images are some of the most accessible and widely used illustrations in the earth sciences. However, no formal procedure for the creation of photorealistic paleomaps(i.e., paleosatellite images) exists. Using an example from the Late Jurassic of the Rocky Mountain region, we present a method for making paleoenvironmental and paleosatellite maps that is scalable, reproducible, testable, and incorporates peer review. The process includes a literature review followed by data-visualization, paleoenvironmental interpretation, peer-review,iterative revisions, and the creation of a false contour map and color gradient used to render a paleosatellite image. Paleosatellite images are photorealistic versions of paleoenvironmental maps that incorporate global climatic and tectonic information as well as principles of actualism; they can be made through comparison to analogous modern landscapes. An important component of this process is that the data maps that ground this paleomapping process allow evaluation of where paleoenvironmental interpretations are wellsupported by outcrop and subsurface data, and where such visualization is highly interpretive-often because of lack of available rocks or studies in a given area. As such, our paleoenvironmental maps and paleosatellite images are testable pictorial hypotheses. By outlining a procedure that produces referenced,data-rich, and visually realistic maps, we hope to demystify the paleoenvironmental map-making process and improve accessibility of paleomaps for the broader geoscience community. Where resources and complementary data are available, such maps also have potential for georeferencing and integration with larger continent-scale paleogeographic maps.

关键词： Ancient landscapes Cartography Paleogeography Paleoenvironments Jurassic

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Interaction of Ca^(2+)and Fe^(3+)in co-precipitation process induced by Virgibacillus dokdonensis and its application

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Journal of Environmental sciences 2025年第1期147卷 131-152页

作者： Huaxiao Yan Yuping Liu Haojuan Zhang Shengping Jin Zuozhen Han Jusun Woo Maurice E.Tucker Long Meng Xiangqun Chi Chao Han Yanyang Zhao Yueming Zhao Hui Zhao College of Chemical and biological Engineering College of Earth Science and EngineeringShandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Depositional Mineralization and Sedimentary MineralsShandong University of Science and TechnologyQingdao 266590China Laboratory for Marine Mineral Resources Center for Isotope Geochemistry and GeochronologyQingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and TechnologyQingdao 266237China School of earth and Environmental sciences Seoul National UniversitySeoul 08826Korea School of earth sciences University of BristolBristol BS81RJUK Cabot Institute University of BristolCantock’s CloseBristol BS81UJUK Qingdao West Coast New District First High School Qingdao 266555China

Biomineralization has garnered significant attention in the field of wastewater treatment due to its notable cost reduction compared to conventional *** reinjection water from oilfields containing an exceedingly high concentration of calcium and ferric ions will pose amajor hazard in ***,the utilization of biomineralization for precipitating these ions has been scarcely investigated due to limited tolerance among halophiles towards such extreme *** this study,free and immobilized halophiles Virgibacillus dokdonensis were used to precipitate these ions and the effects were compared,at the same time,biomineralizationmechanisms and mineral characteristicswere further *** results showthat bacterial concentration and carbonic anhydrase activitywere higher when additionally adding ferric ion based on calcium ion;the content of protein,polysaccharides,deoxyribonucleic acid and humic substances in the extracellular polymers also increased compared to *** ions were biomineralized into calcite and vaterite with mul-tiple *** to iron doping,the crystallinity and thermal stability of calcium carbonate decreased,the content of O-C=O,N-C=OandC-O-PO_(3) increased,the stable carbon isotope values became much more negative,andβ-sheet in minerals *** calcium concentrations facilitated ferric ion precipitation,while ferric ions hindered calcium *** immobilized bacteria performed better in ferric ion removal,with a precipitation ratio exceeding 90%.Free bacteria performed better in calcium removal,and the precipitation ratio reached a maximum of 56%.This research maybe provides some reference for the co-removal of calcium and ferric ions from the oilfield wastewater.

关键词： Calcium carbonate Calcium ion Ferric ion Biomineralization Co-removal Immobilization

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Impacts of emission reduction and meteorological conditions on air quality improvement from 2016 to 2020 in the Northeast Plain,China

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Journal of Environmental sciences 2025年第5期151卷 484-496页

作者： Xueling Yang Qiyuan Wang Lang Liu Jie Tian Hailing Xie Luyao Wang Yue Cao Steven Sai Hang Ho Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary GeologyInstitute of Earth EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesXi’an 710061China Xi’an Institute for Innovative earth Environment Research Xi’an 710061China National Observation and Research Station of Regional Ecological Environment Change and Comprehensive Management in the Guanzhong Plain Xi’an 710061China College of Meteorology and Oceanography National University of Defense TechnologyChangsha 410073China division of Atmospheric sciences Desert Research InstituteRenoNV 89512USA

The Northeast Plain in China ranks among the top five regions that have been significantly impacted by haze *** effectively control pollution,it is crucial to accurately assess the effects of emission reduction *** this study,we analyzed surveillance data and found substantial decreases(ranging from 19.0%to 50.1%)in average annual mass concentrations of key pollutants(such as CO,SO_(2),NO_(2),and PM_(2.5))in the Northeast Plain from 2016 to *** precisely determine the contributions of meteorological conditions and emission reductions to the improvement of air quality in the Northeast Plain,we conducted three scenario *** comparing source emissions in December 2016 and 2020 using the WRF-Chem model(except for SO_(2)),we observed significant reductions of 21.3%,8.8%,and 9.8%in mass concentrations of PM_(2.5),NO_(2),and CO,respectively,from 2016 to *** highlights the essential role that meteorological conditions play in determining air quality in the Northeast ***,further reducing source emissions by 30%in December 2016 resulted in subsequent reductions of 25.3%,29.0%,4.5%,and 30.3%in mass concentrations of PM_(2.5),SO_(2),NO_(2),and CO,respectively,under the same meteorological ***,source emission reduction was effective for PM_(2.5),SO_(2),and CO,but not for NO_(2).The improvement in air quality in the Northeast Plain from 2016 to 2020 can be attributed to the combined effects of improved meteorological conditions and reduced pollution sources.

关键词： Air quality Emission reduction Meteorological conditions The Northeast Plain WRF-Chem

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Spatiotemporal evolution of wildfire activity during the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum in China

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Science China earth sciences 2025年第2期68卷 509-522页

作者： Xue-Ting WANG Zuoling CHEN Linlin CUI Xu WANG State Key Laboratory of Lithospheric and Environmental Coevolution Institute of Geology and GeophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China University of Chinese Academy of sciences College of Earth and Planetary SciencesBeijing 100049China Institute of Geology and Geophysics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China

The Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum(PETM)was the most prominent warming event in the Cenozoic and serves as a geological analog for the current global warming driven by anthropogenic CO_(2)emissions from burning fossil *** a primary disruptor of earth's ecosystems,wildfire activity affects the balance of ecosystems,the global carbon cycle,and climate ***,studying the evolution and driving mechanisms of wildfires during the PETM is essential for predicting wildfire activity under global warming scenarios and for understanding the carbon cycle in the context of wildfire *** research on wildfires during the PETM has mainly focused on the Northern Hemisphere,particularly Europe and North America,whereas studies on Chinese mainland remain *** this study,we analyzed black carbon(BC)concentration and carbon isotope(δ13C)in the Beigou section of the Nanyang Basin and the Xilutian section of the Fushun Basin to reconstruct the spatiotemporal evolution of wildfires in arid/semi-arid and humid *** integrated these findings with those of previous studies on the paleoclimate of the research area to elucidate the driving mechanisms behind wildfire *** results indicate that wildfire activity weakened at the onset of the PETM,with the negative carbon isotope period characterized by low wildfire activity,except for a brief resurgence in the Nanyang *** the recovery phase of the PETM,wildfire activity gradually increased,returning to the pre-PETM *** prolonged low wildfire state was likely caused by extremely high temperatures and precipitation as well as the resulting vegetation *** the PETM recovery phase,increased wildfire activity transformed“short-term carbon sinks”of the biological-atmospheric carbon cycle into“long-term carbon sinks”through the burial of *** process of carbon sink conversion may have acted as a negative feedback mechanism,contributing to carbon sequestration and the e

关键词： PETM Wildfire Carbon cycle Nanyang Basin Fushun Basin

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Geospatial analysis of neotectonics in the Jebel Gustar Mountain,northeastern Algeria

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Journal of Mountain Science 2025年第2期22卷 391-403页

作者： TAIB Hassan HADJI Riheb ZIGHMI Karim HAMED Younes GENTILUCCI Matteo BEDRI Khaoula Department of Geological sciences Faculty of Earth SciencesGeography and Regional PlanningUniversitéFrères Mentouri-Constantine 1 BP325 Route d’Ain El Bey 25017ConstantineAlgeria Laboratory of Applied Research in Engineering Geology GeotechnicsWater Sciences and EnvironmentFerhat Abbas UniversitySetif 19137Algeria Department of earth sciences Institute of Architecture and Earth SciencesFerhat Abbas UniversitySetif 19137Algeria International Association of Water Resources in the Southern Mediterranean Basin Gafsa 2112Tunisia Department of earth sciences Faculty of Sciencesuniversity of GafsaCampus Universitaire Sidi Ahmed Zarroug–2112GafsaTunisia School of Science and Technology Geology DivisionUniversity of CamerinoVia Gentile III da Varano762032 Camerino MCItaly Mining Engineering Laboratory National Polytechnic School of Algiers10 Rue des Frères OUDEKEl Harrach 16200 AlgiersAlgeria

This research investigates dynamic earth processes within the South Setifian allochthonous ensemble,providing insights into landscape evolution and seismotectonic activity within the Tellian mountain *** on the Jebel Gustar and Kef Lahmar area,which includes 14 sub-basins,this research uses a DEM-based technique to assess Holocene activities,lineament characteristics,and stream *** geomorphic indices are used to assess relative active tectonics:the stream lengthgradient index(SL),drainage basin asymmetry(AF),valley-floor width to valley height ratio(VF),drainage basin shape(BS),and mountain front sinuosity(SMF).A weighted overlay of these five indices produces the Index of Relative Active Tectonics(IRAT)*** findings reveal significant neotectonic activity in the study area,supported by profound basement *** research highlights the morpho-structural processes and neotectonics activity in the Jebel Gustar,providing a framework for investigating the evolution of this ***,it enhances comprehension of the interactions between the alpine range's internal zones in Eastern Algeria and the Atlasic *** study proposes a systematic approach to evaluate the tectonic and geomorphological dynamics of the South Setif region.

关键词： Active tectonics Crustal deformation Holocene activities Geomorphic indices Neotectonic dynamics

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Acellular scaffold‑based approach for in situ genetic engineering of host T‑cells in solid tumor immunotherapy

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Military Medical Research 2025年第1期12卷 16-35页

作者： Hiren Y.Dandia Mamatha M.Pillai Deepak Sharma Meghna Suvarna Neha Dalal Ayush Madhok Arvind Ingle Shubhada V.Chiplunkar Sanjeev Galande Prakriti Tayalia Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering Indian Institute of Technology BombayPowaiMumbai 400076India Radiation biology and Health sciences division Bhabha Atomic Research CentreMumbai 400085India Centre of Excellence in Epigenetics Department of BiologyIndian Institute of Science Education and ResearchPune 411008India Advanced Centre for Treatment Research and Education in Cancer(ACTREC)Tata Memorial CentreKhargharMumbai 410210India

Background:Targeted T-cell therapy has emerged as a promising strategy for the treatment of hematological ***,its application to solid tumors presents significant challenges due to the limited accessibility and *** delivery of tumor-specific T-cells using biomaterials has shown promise,however,procedures required for genetic modification and generation of a sufficient number of tumor-specific T-cells ex vivo remain major obstacles due to cost and time ***:Polyethylene glycol(PEG)-based three-dimensional(3D)scaffolds were developed and conjugated with positively charged poly-L-lysine(PLL)using carbamide chemistry for efficient loading of lentiviruses(LVs)carrying tumor antigen-specific T-cell receptors(TCRs).The physical and biological properties of the scaffold were extensively ***,the scaffold loaded with OVA-TCR LVs was implanted in B16F10 cells expressing ovalbumin(B16-OVA)tumor model to evaluate the anti-tumor response and the presence of transduced ***:Our findings demonstrate that the scaffolds do not induce any systemic inflammation upon subcutaneous implantation and effectively recruit T-cells to the *** B16-OVA melanoma tumor-bearing mice,the scaffolds efficiently transduce host T-cells with OVA-specific *** genetically modified T-cells exhibit homing capability towards the tumor and secondary lymphoid organs,resulting in a significant reduction of tumor size and systemic increase in anti-tumor *** cell profiling revealed a significantly high percentage of transduced T-cells and a notable reduction in suppressor immune cells within the tumors of mice implanted with these ***:Our scaffold-based T-cell therapy presents an innovative in situ localized approach for programming T-cells to target solid *** approach offers a viable alternative to in vitro manipulation of T-cells,circumventing the need for large-scale in vitro generat

关键词： Polyethylene glycol diacrylate Poly-L-lysine Lentiviruses T-cell therapy B16F10-OVA melanoma

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Assessing the vulnerability of wintering habitats for the red-listed Asian Houbara(Chlamydotis macqueenii)using climate models and human impact assessments

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Avian Research 2025年第1期16卷 53-62页

作者： Gulzaman William Zafeer Saqib Abdul Qadir Nisha Naeem Mehrban Ali Brohi Asim Kamran Afia Rafique Department of biological sciences University of SialkotSialkotPakistan GIS and Eco-Informatics Laboratory Department of Environmental ScienceInternational Islamic UniversityIslamabadPakistan College of earth and Environmental Science University of the PunjabLahorePakistan Department of Zoology University of SialkotSialkotPakistan Zoological Survey of Pakistan IslamabadPakistan Punjab Wildlife and Parks Department LahorePakistan

The Asian Houbara(Chlamydotis macqueenii),a vulnerable species,is under significant threat from habitat degradation and anthropogenic pressures in Pakistan's arid *** study addresses the urgent need for conservation by identifying critical habitats,analyzing the influence of environmental and human factors on species distribution,and projecting future habitat shifts under climate change *** the Max Ent model,which achieves a robust predictive accuracy(AUC=0.854),we mapped current and future habitat suitability under Shared Socioeconomic Pathways(SSP126,SSP370,SSP585)for the years 2040 and ***,the suitable habitat extends over 217,082 km^(2),with 52,751 km^(2) classified as highly *** environmental drivers,identified via the Jackknife test,revealed that annual mean temperature(Bio1)and slope play a dominant role in determining habitat *** show significant habitat degradation;however,under SSP585,highly suitable areas are expected to expand by up to 24.92%by *** this increase,vast areas remain unsuitable,posing serious risks to population ***,only 2115 km^(2) of highly suitable habitat currently falls within protected zones,highlighting a critical conservation *** findings highlight the imperative for immediate,targeted conservation efforts to secure the species'future in Pakistan's desert ecosystems.

关键词： MaxEnt Climate change Asian Houbara Habitat Conservation

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