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Removal of heavy metals using waste eggshell

Journal of Environmental Sciences 2007年第12期19卷 1436-1441页

作者： PARK Heung Jai JEONG seong Wook YANG Jae Kyu KIM Boo Gil LEE Seung Mok School of Environmental Science and engineering Inje university 621-749607GyungnamKorea. Department of Environmental engineering Kwangwoon university SeoulKorea division of architecture and civil engineering dong-seo university BusanKorea Department of Environment and Disaster Prevention Kwandong university GangneungKorea

The removal capacity of toxic heavy metals by the reused eggshell was studied. As a pretreatment process for the preparation of reused material from waste eggshell, calcination was performed in the furnace at 800℃ for 2 h after crushing the dried waste eggshell. Calcination behavior, qualitative and quantitative elemental information, mineral type and surface characteristics before and after calcination of eggshell were examined by thermal gravimetric analysis （TGA）, X-ray fluorescence （XRF）, X-ray diffraction （XRD） and scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, respectively. After calcination, the major inorganic composition was identified as Ca （lime, 99.63%） and K, P and Sr were identified as minor components. When calcined eggshell was applied in the treatment of synthetic wastewater containing heavy metals, a complete removal of Cd as well as above 99% removal of Cr was observed after 10 rain. Although the natural eggshell had some removal capacity of Cd and Cr, a complete removal was not accomplished even after 60 rain due to quite slower removal rate. However, in contrast to Cd and Cr, an efficient removal of Pb was observed with the natural eggshell rather than the calcined eggshell. From the application of the calcined eggshell in the treatment of real electroplating wastewater, the calcined eggshell showed a promising removal capacity of heavy metal ions as well as had a good neutralization capacity in the treatment of strong acidic wastewater.

关键词： wasted eggshell CaO removal heavy metals

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Novel Methodologies for Preventing Crack Propagation in Steel Gas Pipelines Considering the Temperature Effect

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Structural Durability & Health Monitoring 2025年第1期19卷 1-23页

作者： Nurlan Zhangabay Ulzhan Ibraimova Marco Bonopera Ulanbator Suleimenov Konstantin Avramov Maryna Chernobryvko Aigerim Yessengali Department of architecture and Urban Planning Mukhtar Auezov South Kazakhstan UniversityShymkent160012Kazakhstan Department of Industrial civil and Road Construction Mukhtar Auezov South Kazakhstan UniversityShymkent160012Kazakhstan Mechanics Sound&Vibration LaboratoryDepartment of Civil EngineeringCollege of EngineeringNational Taiwan UniversityTaipei10617Taiwan Department of Reability&Dynamic Strength A.Pidhornyi Institute of Mechanical Engineering Problems of National Academy of Sciences of UkraineKharkiv61046Ukraine

Using the software ANSYS-19.2/Explicit Dynamics,this study performedﬁnite-element modeling of the large-diameter steel pipeline cross-section for the Beineu-Bozoy-Shymkent gas pipeline with a non-through straight crack,strengthened by steel wire *** effects of the thread tensile force of the steel winding in the form of single rings at the crack edges and the wires with different winding diameters and pitches were also *** results showed that the strengthening was preferably executed at a minimum value of the thread tensile force,which was 6.4%more effective than that at its maximum *** analysis of the inﬂuence of the winding dia-meters showed that the equivalent stresses increased by 32%from the beginning of the crack growth until the wire *** increment in winding diameter decelerated the disclosure of the edge crack and reduced its length by 8.2%.The analysis of the inﬂuence of the winding pitch showed that decreasing the distance between the winding turns also led to a 33.6%reduction in the length of the straight crack and a 7.9%reduction in the maximum stres-ses on the strengthened pipeline *** analysis of the temperature effect on the pipeline material,within a range from-40℃ to+50℃,resulted in a crack length change of up to 5.8%.As the temperature dropped,the crack length *** such a temperature range,the maximum stresses were observed along the cen-tral area of the crack,which were equal to 413 MPa at+50℃ and 440 MPa at-40℃.The results also showed that the presence of the steel winding in the pipeline signiﬁcantly reduced the length of crack propagation up to 8.4 times,depending on the temperature effect and design parameters of *** work integrated the existing methods for crack localization along steel gas pipelines.

关键词： Crack propagation ﬁnite-element internal pressure prestressing steel gas pipeline temperature effect

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Seismic isolation analysis of FPS bearings in spatial lattice shell structures

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Earthquake engineering and engineering Vibration 2010年第1期9卷 93-102页

作者： Yong-Chul Kim Xue Suduo Zhuang Peng Zhao Wei Li Chenghao dongyang Structure engineering Co. Ltd. Tanbang-dong 1014 Seo-gu Daejeon Korea 302-223 College of architecture and civil engineering Beijing University of Technology Beijing 100124 China College of civil and Traffic engineering Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture Beijing 100044 China Beijing Urban engineering Design ＆ Research Institute Co. Ltd. Beijing 100037 China

A theoretical model of a friction pendulum system （FPS） is introduced to examine its application for the seismic isolation of spatial lattice shell structures. An equation of motion of the lattice shell with FPS bearings is developed. Then, seismic isolation studies are performed for both double-layer and single-layer lattice shell structures under different seismic input and design parameters of the FPS. The influence of frictional coefficients and radius of the FPS on seismic performance are discussed. Based on the study, some suggestions for seismic isolation design of lattice shells with FPS bearings are given and conclusions are made which could be helpful in the application of FPS.

关键词： seismic isolation friction pendulum system spatial structure lattice shell parameter analysis

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engineering characteristics of near-fault vertical ground motions and their effect on the seismic response of bridges

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Earthquake engineering and engineering Vibration 2007年第4期6卷 345-350页

作者：李新乐窦慧娟朱晞 College of architecture and civil engineering Dalian Nationalities University College of architecture and civil engineering Beijing Jiaotong University

A wide variety of near-fault strong ground motion records were collected from various tectonic environments worldwide and were used to study the peak value ratio and response spectrum ratio of the vertical to horizontal component of ground motion, focusing on the effect of earthquake magnitude, site conditions, pulse duration, and statistical component. The results show that both the peak value ratio and response spectrum ratio are larger than the 2/3 value prescribed in existing seismic codes, and the relationship between the vertical and horizontal ground motions is comparatively intricate. In addition, the effect of the near-fault ground motions on bridge performance is analyzed, considering both the material nonlinear characteristics and the P-A effect.

关键词： near-fault vertical ground motion peak value ratio spectrum ratio bridge seismic response

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Experimental and numerical study on hysteretic performance of SMA spring-friction bearings

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Earthquake engineering and engineering Vibration 2016年第4期15卷 597-609页

作者： Zhuang Peng Xue Suduo Nie Pan Wang Wenting School of civil and Transportation engineering Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture Beijing Higher Institution engineering Research Center of Structural engineering and New Materials Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture College of architecture and civil engineering Beijing University of Technology

This paper presents an experimental and numerical study to investigate the hysteretic performance of a new type of isolator consisting of shape memory alloy springs and friction bearing called an SMA spring-friction bearing （SFB）. The SFB is a sliding-type isolator with SMA devices used for the seismic protection of engineering structures. The principle of operation of the isolation bearing is introduced. In order to explore the possibility of applying SMA elements in passive seismic control devices, large diameter superelastic tension/compression NiTi SMA helical springs used in the SFB isolator were developed. Mechanical experiments of the SMA helical spring were carried out to understand its superelastic characteristics. After that, a series of quasi-static tests on a single SFB isolator prototype were conducted to measure its force-displacement relationships for different loading conditions and study the corresponding variation law of its mechanical performance. The experimental results demonstrate that the SFB exhibits full hysteretic curves, excellent energy dissipation capacity, and moderate recentering ability. Finally, a theoretical model capable of emulating the hysteretic behavior of the SMA-based isolator was then established and implemented in MATLAB software. The comparison of the numerical results with the experimental results shows the efficacy of the proposed model for simulating the response of the SFB.

关键词： sliding isolation bearing SMA helical spring hysteretic performance quasi-static test theoretical model

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Research on seismic behavior and shear strength of SRHC frame columns

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Earthquake engineering and engineering Vibration 2017年第2期16卷 349-364页

作者： Zheng Shansuo Qin Qing Zhang Yixin Zhang Liang Yang Wei Department of civil engineering Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology Department of civil and architecture engineering Xi'an University of Science and Technology

The seismic behavior of steel reinforced high strength and high performance concrete （SRHC） frame columns was investigated through pseudo-static experiments of 16 frame columns with various shear span ratios, axial compression ratios, concrete strengths, steel ratios and stirrup ratios. Three kinds of failure mechanisms are presented and the characteristics of experimental hysteretic curves and skeleton curves with different design parameters are discussed. The columns＇ ductility and energy dissipation were quantitatively evaluated based on seismic resistance. The research results indicate that SRHC frame columns can withstand extreme bearing capacity, but the abilities of ductility and energy dissipation are inferior because of SRHC＇s natural brittleness. As a result, the axial load ratio should be restricted and some construction measures adopted, such as increasing the stirrup ratio. This research established effect factors on the bearing capacity of SPHC columns. Finally, an algorithm for obtaining ultimate bearing capacity using the flexural failure mode is established based on a modified plane- section assumption. The authors also established equations to determine shearing baroclinic failure and shear bond failure based on the accumulation of the axial load force distribution ratio. The calculated results of shear bearing capacity for different failure modes were in good agreement with the experimental results.

关键词： SRHC flame columns seismic behavior ductility energy dissipation axial compression ratio shear bearingcapacity

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Simulation Analysis of Factors Influencing Chiller EER

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Journal of Thermal Science 2014年第3期23卷 285-289页

作者： HAO Xuejun WANG Tong Beijing university of civil engineering and architecture

This study constructed a mathematic model of a variable frequency centrifugal chiller using Simulink software. By running the simulation, it was discovered that when the other factors are constant, the EER(Energy Efficiency Ratio) of the chiller increases with decreases in the temperature of the cooling water and increases in the temperature of the chilled water. The effect of changes in the cooling water temperature on the EER of the chiller is stronger than that of changes in the chilled water temperature. In addition, as the chiller load decreases, the EER increases until reaching a maximum, after which it decreases. Furthermore, the EER of chillers working under a constant flow rate is slightly higher than that of those working under varying flow rates.

关键词： Chiller Simulation EER

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Using the EMD Method to Determine Fault Criterion for Medium-low Pressure Gas Regulators

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Journal of Thermal Science 2015年第6期24卷 557-561页

作者： HAO Xuejun LIU Qiang YANG Guobin DU Yi Beijing university of civil engineering and architecture

By extracting the outlet pressure data of gas regulators,this paper uses the EMD toolbox of the MATLAB software,which can perform data decomposition and the Hilbert-Huang Transform to find the rules with fault ***,the... 详细信息

关键词： medium-low pressure gas regulator EMD decomposition fault criterion

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Parametric Vibration Analysis of Submerged Floating Tunnel Tension Legs

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China Ocean engineering 2020年第1期34卷 131-136页

作者： SUN Sheng-nan SU Zhi-bin FENG Yun-fen XU Xian-yi School of architecture and civil engineering Liaocheng University

According to the characteristics of submerged floating tunnel anchored by tension legs,simplifying the tube as point mass and assuming that the tension leg is a nonlinear beam model hinged at both ends,the nonlinear vibration equation of the tension leg is *** equation is solved by the Galerkin method and Runge Kutta ***,numerical analysis of typical submerged floating tunnel tension leg is carried *** is shown that,the parametric vibration response of the submerged floating tunnel tension leg is related to the amplitude and frequency of the end *** considering axial resonance and transverse resonance,it is reasonable that higher order modes are abandoned and only the first three modes are *** axial resonance amplitude of the second or third order mode is equivalent to the first order mode axial resonance amplitude,which should not be ignored.

关键词： submerged floating tunnel tension leg parametric vibration numerical analysis

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Seismic Response of Submerged Floating Tunnel Tether

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China Ocean engineering 2013年第1期27卷 43-50页

作者：苏志彬孙胜男 School of architecture and civil engineering Liaocheng University

A mathematical equation for vibration of submerged floating tunnel tether under the effects of earthquake and parametric excitation is presented. Multi-step Galerkin method is used to simplify this equation and the fourth-order Runge-Kuta integration method is used for numerical analysis. Finally, vibration response of submerged floating tunnel tether subjected to earthquake and parametric excitation is analyzed in a few numerical examples. The results show that the vibration response of tether varies with the seismic wave type; the steady maximum mid-span displacement of tether subjected to seismic wave keeps constant when parametric resonance takes place; the transient maximum mid-span displacement of tether is related to the peak value of input seismic wave acceleration.

关键词： submerged floating tunnel seismic response Runge-Kuta integration method tether parametric excitation

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