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Oligodendroglial heterogeneity in health,disease,and recovery:deeper insights into myelin dynamics

Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第11期20卷 3179-3192页

作者： Pieter-Jan Serneels Julie D.De Schutter Lies De Groef Lieve Moons Steven Bergmans KU Leuven Leuven Brain InstituteDepartment of BiologyAnimal Physiology and Neurobiology DivisionNeural Circuit Development&Regeneration Research GroupLeuvenBelgium KU Leuven Leuven Brain InstituteDepartment of BiologyAnimal Physiology and Neurobiology DivisionCellular Communication&Neurodegeneration Research GroupLeuvenBelgium

Decades of research asserted that the oligodendroglial lineage comprises two cell types:oligodendrocyte precursor cells and ***,recent studies employing single-cell RNA sequencing techniques have uncovered novel cell states,prompting a revision of the existing *** forward,the oligodendroglial lineage should be delineated into five distinct cell states:oligodendrocyte precursor cells,committed oligodendrocyte precursor cells,newly formed oligodendrocytes,myelin-forming oligodendrocytes,and mature *** new classification system enables a deeper understanding of the oligodendroglia in both physiological and pathological *** this uniform terminology will facilitate comparison and integration of data across ***,including the consolidation of findings from various demyelinating models,is essential to better understand the pathogenesis of demyelinating ***,comparing injury models across species with varying regenerative capacities can provide insights that may lead to new therapeutic strategies to overcome remyelination ***,by standardizing terminology and synthesizing data from diverse studies across different animal models,we can enhance our understanding of myelin pathology in central nervous system disorders such as multiple sclerosis,Alzheimer's disease,and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis,all of which involve oligodendroglial and myelin dysfunction.

关键词： animal models demyelination fish mammals multiple sclerosis myelin neurodegeneration oligodendrocytes oligodendroglial lineage remyelination

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Feeding of yeast(Candida spp.) improves in vitro ruminal fermentation of fibrous substrates

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2015年第3期14卷 514-519页

作者： Yoandra Marrero Yamicela Castillo Oscar Ruiz Eduviges Burrola Claudio Angulo Department of Physiology Animal Science Institute Multidisciplinary division Autonomous University of Juárez Faculty of animal Science and ecology Autonomous University of Chihuahua

In vitro gas production technique（IVGPT） was used with the objective of determining the inclusion effect of live cells of two strains of Candida yeast on in vitro ruminal fermentation of two fibrous substrates. In order to achieve this, two experiments were performed： A） using oat straw（Avena sativa） as substrate; B） using alfalfa hay（Medicabo sativa） as substrate, comparing the effect of two different strains of Candida genre, both isolated from the rumen, on the mentioned substrates. Levica 25（Candida tropicalis） yeast belongs to the culture collection of the Institute of animal Science, Cuba, and Levazoot 15（Candida norvegensis） yeast is part of the collection of the Faculty of Zootechnology and ecology of the Autonomous University of Chihuahua, Mexico. Both strains demonstrated their potential in activating the ruminal fermentation. They stimulated（P〈0.0001） the ruminal fermentation of the substrates under study. However, the Levazoot strain stimulated the dry matter（DM） fermentation of alfalfa in 21.43%, more than Levica 25. It is concluded that there is an influence of yeast strain and diet on the rumen environment and, therefore, it is important to select the appropriate strain in every production condition.

关键词： rumen yeast gas production fermentation product microbial additive

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Do microsporidia function as ＂biological weapon＂ for Harmonia axyridis under natural conditions？

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Insect Science 2015年第3期22卷 353-359页

作者： Tobias Gegner Oliver Otti Simon Tragust Heike Feldhaar animal Population ecology Department of Animal Ecology I Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER) University of Bayreuth D-95440 Bayreuth Germany

Invasive alien species, such as the multicoloured Asian ladybird Harmonia axyridis, are often regarded as major drivers ofbiodiversity loss. Therefore understanding which characteristics or mechanisms contribute to their invasive success is important. Here the role of symbiotic microsporidia in the hemolymph of H. axyridis was investigated in the context of intraguild predation between wild-caught H. axyridis and the native ladybird species Coccinella septempunctata. The microsporidia were recently discussed to contribute to the unpalatability of Harmonia for other coccinellids during intraguild predation and to function as ＂biological weapons＂. In the present study, visual detection of microsporidia in hemolymph samples revealed that 73.5 % of H. axyridis were infected. Intraguild predation experiments between larvae of the two species showed a significant competitive advantage for H. axyridis, even against larger larvae of C. septempunctata. Adult C. septempunctata always killed and fed on H. axyridis larvae. However only 11.4 % （4 of 47） of C. septempunctata that fed on infected H. axyridis died within 4 months. In contrast to previous studies this suggests that microsporidia or harmonine, the chemical defense compound of H. axyridis, do not lead to death of C. septempunctata preying on larvae ofH. axyridis. Instead our results support the idea that competitive advantage during intraguild predation greatly facilitates the success of H. axyridis and that this may help this highly invasive species to outcompete native species. The impact of microsporidia on Harmonia itself as well as on interspecific interactions require further studies.

关键词： defensive symbiont endosymbiont Harmonia axyridis invasive species microsporidia

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Genitalia-associated microbes in insects

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Insect Science 2015年第3期22卷 325-339页

作者： Oliver Otti animal Population ecology Animal Ecology I Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER) University of Bayreuth Universitatsstrasse 30 95440 Bayreuth Germany

In sexual reproduction different types of symbiotic relationships between insects and microbes have become established. For example, some bacteria have evolved almost exclusive vertical transmission and even define the compatibility of insect mating partners. Many strictly sexually transmitted diseases have also been described in insects. Apart from such rather specific relationships the role of opportunistic infections in the reproductive process has been widely neglected. Opportunistic microbes transmitted passively during mating might impose an energetic cost, as the immune system will need to be alert and will use resources to fight potential intruders. Through mating wounds and contaminated reproductive organs opportunistic microbes might be transferred to mating partners and even enter the body cavity. Females as the ＂receiving＂ sex are particularly likely to have evolved adaptations to avoid or reduce opportunistic infections. Males of several species show highly complex seminal fluids, which as well as containing components that influence a males＇ fertilization success, also possess antimicrobial substances. The role of antimicrobials in the reproductive process is not well understood. Some evidence hints at the protection of sperm against microbes, indicating a role for natural selection in shaping the evolution of reproductive traits. By highlighting the potential importance of microbes in sexual selection and their role in reproduction in general I will make a case for studies in sexual selection, especially the ones investigating postcopulatory processes, that should incorporate environmental, as well as genotypic variation, in reproductive traits.

关键词： genital microbiome interactions sexually transmitted microbes spermmicrobe

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Using the movement patterns of reintroduced animals to improve reintroduction success

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Current Zoology 2014年第4期60卷 515-526页

作者： Oded BERGER-TAL David SALTZ Department of ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of California Los Angeles Los Angeles & Applied Animal Ecology Division Institute for Conservation Research San Diego Zoo Global CA USA Mitrani Department of Desert ecology Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research Ben-Gurion University of the Negev Israel

Despite their importance to conservation, reintroductions are still a risky endeavor and tend to fail, highlighting the need for more efficient post-release monitoring techniques. Reintroduced animals are released into unfamiliar novel environ ments and must explore their surroundings to gain knowledge in order to survive. According to theory, knowledge gain should be followed by subsequent changes to the animal＇s movement behavior, making movement behavior an excellent indicator of reintroduction progress. We aim to conceptually describe a logical process that will enable the inclusion of behavior （in particular, movement behavior） in management decision-making post-reintroductions, and to do so, we provide four basic components that a manager should look for in the behaviors of released animals. The suggested components are release-site fidelity, recurring locations, proximity to other individuals, and individual variation in movement behavior. These components are by no means the only possible ones available to a manager, but they provide an efficient tool to understanding animals＇ decision-making based on ecological theory; namely, the exploration-exploitation trade-off that released animals go through, and which underlies their behavior. We demonstrate our conceptual approach using data from two ungulate species reintroduced in Israel： the Persian fallow deer Dama mesopotamica and the Arabian oryx Oryx leucoryx [Current Zoology 60 （4）： 515-526, 2014] .

关键词： Adaptive management Arabian oryx Conservation behavior Exploration-exploitation trade-off Persian fallow deer Reintroductions

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Belowground Tritrophic Food Chain Modulates Soil Respiration in Grasslands

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Pedosphere 2018年第1期28卷 114-123页

作者： Andrey S.ZAITSEV Klaus BIRKHOFER Klemens EKSCHMITT Volkmar WOLTERS Institute of animal ecology Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen Department of ecology Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg

Edaphic biota significantly affects several essential ecological functions such as C-storage, nutrient turnover, and ***, it is not completely understood how belowground animal contribution to these functions changes in grasslands subject to different land use types. A microcosm experiment was carried out to test the effect of a tritrophic food chain on CO_2 release from grassland soils. Soil was collected from three differently managed grassland systems(meadow, pasture, and mown pasture) located in three distinct German regions that cover a north-south gradient of approximately 500 km. The tritrophic food chain comprised natural edaphic microflora, nematodes, and predatory gamasid mites. The experimental design involved a full factorial combination of the presence and absence of nematodes and gamasid mites. Nematodes significantly increased the CO_2 emissions in most treatments,but the extent of this effect varied with land use type. The fact that grazing by nematodes stimulated the metabolic activity of the edaphic microflora over a wide range of grassland soils highlighted the critical impact of the microfauna on ecosystem services associated with soil organic matter dynamics. Gamasids slightly amplified the effect of nematodes on microbial metabolic activity,but only in the pastures. This effect was most probably due to the control of nematode abundance. The fact that gamasid addition also augmented the impact of environmental conditions on nematode-induced modulation of soil respiration highlighted the need for including land use differences while evaluating soil fauna contribution to soil processes. To conclude, the differential response of the investigated tritrophic food chain to different grassland management systems suggests that adverse effects of land use intensification on important soil processes such as atmospheric C-release could potentially be reduced by using management methods that preserve essential features of the belowground fo

关键词： CO_2 emission land use microcosm nematodes predatory mites soil fauna soil food webs

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Influencing Factors of Seed Long-distance Dispersal on a Fragmented Forest Landscape on Changbai Mountains,China

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Chinese Geographical Science 2016年第1期26卷 68-77页

作者： ZHAO Fuqiang QI Lin FANG Lei YANG Jian State Key Laboratory of Forest and Soil ecology Institute of Applied EcologyChinese Academy of Sciences

Seed long-distance dispersal(LDD) events are typically rare, but are important in the population processes that determine large-scale forest changes and the persistence of species in fragmented landscapes. However, previous studies focused on species dispersed via animal-mediated LDD, and ignored those dispersed by wind. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of canopy openness, edge, seed source, and patch tree density on the LDD of seeds by wind in forest. We collected birch seeds, a typical wind-dispersed species, throughout a larch plantation. We then assessed the relationship between birch LDD and each factor that may influence LDD of seeds by wind including distance to edge, canopy openness size, distance to mature forest, and the tree density of the larch plantation. We used univariate linear regression analysis to assess the influence of those factors on birch LDD, and partial correlations to calculate the contribution of each factor to LDD. The results showed that both canopy openness and edge had significant influences on birch LDD. Specifically, a negative relationship was observed between distance to edge and birch LDD, whereas there was a positive correlation between canopy openness size and LDD. In contrast, the distance to the mature forest was not correlated with birch LDD. Our results suggest that patch tree density could potently affect the probability of LDD by wind vectors, which provides novel and revealing insights regarding the effect of fragmentation on wind dynamics. The data also provide compelling evidence for the previously undocumented effect of habitat fragmentation on wind-dispersed organisms. As such, these observations will facilitate reasonable conservation planning, which requires a detailed understanding of the mechanisms by which patch properties hamper the delivery of seeds of wind-dispersed plants to fragmented areas.

关键词： seed long-distance dispersal (LDD) forest fragmentation patch property wind dispersal Changbai Mountains

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Morphological Variations,Distribution and Population Estimation of Indian Spiny Tailed Liza rd(Uromastyx hardwickii Gray,1827)from District Bahawalnagar,Punjab,Pakistan

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Asian Herpetological Research 2020年第3期11卷 257-262页

作者： Waqas ALI Arshad JAVID Saddam HUSSAIN Ali HUSSAIN Syed Mohsin BUKHARI Department of Wildlife and ecology University of Veterinary and Animal SciencesLahorePakistan

This study was conducted in selected sites of District Bahawalnagar namely,Shaheed Chowk,Chak40/F,Chak 163/7 R and Fareedkot Tiba between March 2019 and August *** techniques included recording of burrows,flooding,burrow exaction,noose traps and pit fall traps were used to capture Uromast yx *** this survey150 individuals were captured from study area for morphological measurement and population *** average snout to vent length(SVL)of male,female and juveniles were(172.50±19.71)mm,(155.50±18.72)mm and(86.25±11.72)mm *** average weight of male,female and juvenile was(93.06±8.56)g,(88.16±7.95)g and(40.16±4.30)g *** relative abundance(Pi)of males,females and juveniles were 0.53,0.33 and *** spiny tailed lizard(***)has been listed in the IUCN Red list and *** threats to the species in the study area are increase in urbanization,habitat fragmentation,illegal hunting for meat and *** this regard strict implementation of the Wildlife act is needed to protect the wildlife of ***,comprehensive surveys are required in throughout Punjab to declare conservation status of ***.

关键词： habitat morphological characters population Uromastyx hardwickii

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Partial Masquerading and Background Matching in Two Asian Box Turtle Species(Cuora spp.)

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Asian Herpetological Research 2022年第3期13卷 168-179页

作者： Rongping BU Fanrong XIAO PGeorge LOVELL Jichao WANG Haitao SHI Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for ecology of Tropical Islands Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal and Plant Ecology of Hainan ProvinceCollege of Life SciencesHainan Normal UniversityHaikou 571158HainanChina division of Psychology and Forensic Sciences School of Applied SciencesAbertay UniversityDundee DDI 1HGUK

animals living in heterogeneous natural environments adopt different camouflage strategies against different backgrounds,and behavioral adaptation is crucial for their ***,studies of camouflage strategies have not always quantified the effect of multiple strategies used *** the present study,we used a human visual model to quantify similarities in color and shape between the carapace patterns of two Cuora species and their preferred *** results showed that the color of the middle stripe on the carapace of Cuora galbinifrons(Indochinese box turtle)was significantly similar to the color of their preferred ***,the middle stripe on the carapace of ***(keeled box turtle)contrasted more with their preferred substrates,and the side stripe matched most closely with the ***,the carapace side stripe of *** and the carapace middle stripe of *** highly contrasted with their preferred *** quantified the similarity in shape between the highcontrast stripes of both Cuora species and leaves from their *** carapace middle stripe of *** was most similar in shape to leaves from the broadleaves substrate,and the carapace side stripe of *** was the most similar in shape to leaves from the bamboo-leaves *** determined that these species adopt partial masquerading when their entire carapace is exposed and partially match their background when they semi-cover themselves in leaf *** the best of our knowledge,this is the first study to demonstrate that partial masquerading and background matching improve the camouflage effect of Asian box turtles in their preferred *** is a novel study focusing on the influence of the shape and color of individual carapace segments on reducing detectability and recognition.

关键词： camouflage Cuoragalbinifrons Cuora mouhoti patterns protective coloration

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Anti-Saccharomyces cerevisiae antibody titers are stable over time in Crohn's patients and are not inducible in murine models of colitis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2005年第44期11卷 6988-6994页

作者： Stefan Müller Maya Styner Beatrice Seibold-Schmid Beatrice Flogerzi Michael M(a|¨)hler Astrid Konrad Frank Seibold division of Gastroenterology Central animal Facility and Institute for Laboratory animal Science

AIM： To investigate ASCA production over time in CD and murine colitis in order to further our understanding of their etiology. MATERIALS AND METHODS： Sixty-six CD patients were compared to ulcerative colitis （UC） and irritable bowel syndrome patients with respect to ASCA production as measured by ELISA. ASCA IgG or IgA positivity as well as change in titers over a period of up to 3 years （△tgG/A） was correlated with clinical parameters such as CD activity index （CDM） and C-reactive protein levels （CRP）. Moreover, two murine models of colitis （DSS and IL-10 knock out） were compared to control animals with respect to ASCA titers after oral yeast exposure. RESULTS： ASCA IgG and IgA titers are stable over time in CD and non-CD patients. Fistular disease was associated with a higher rate of ASCA IgA positivity （P = 0.014）. Ileal disease was found to have a significant influence on the △tgG of ASCA （P = 0.032）. There was no correlation found between ASCA positivity or △tgG/A and clinical parameters of CD： CDAI and CRP. In mice, neither healthy animals nor animals with DSS-induced or spontaneous colitis exhibited a marked increase in ASCA titers after high-dose yeast exposure. On the other hand, mice immunized intraperitoneally with mannan plus adjuvant showed a marked and significant increase in ASCA titers compared to adjuvant-only immunized controls （P = 0.014）. CONCLUSION： The propensity to produce ASCA in a subgroup of CD patients is largely genetically predetermined as evidenced by their stability and lack of correlation with clinical disease activity parameters. Furthermore, in animal models of colitis, mere oral exposure of mice to yeast does not lead to the induction of marked ASCA titers irrespective of concomitant colonic inflammation. Hence, environment may play only a minor role in inducing ASCA.

关键词： Crohn's disease Anti-Saccharomyces cerevisiae antibodies Colitis

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