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Pyrroloquinoline quinone:a potential neuroprotective compound for neurodegenerative diseases targeting metabolism

Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第1期20卷 41-53页

作者： Alessio Canovai Pete A.Williams Department of Biology University of PisaPisaItaly Department of clinical Neuroscience Division of Eye and VisionSt.Erik Eye HospitalKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden

Pyrroloquinoline quinone is a quinone described as a cofactor for many bacterial dehydrogenases and is reported to exert an effect on metabolism in mammalian cells/*** quinone is present in the diet being available in foodstuffs,conferring the potential of this compound to be supplemented by dietary *** quinone’s nutritional role in mammalian health is supported by the extensive deficits in reproduction,growth,and immunity resulting from the dietary absence of pyrroloquinoline quinone,and as such,pyrroloquinoline quinone has been considered as a“new vitamin.”Although the classification of pyrroloquinoline quinone as a vitamin needs to be properly established,the wide range of benefits for health provided has been reported in many *** this respect,pyrroloquinoline quinone seems to be particularly involved in regulating cell signaling pathways that promote metabolic and mitochondrial processes in many experimental contexts,thus dictating the rationale to consider pyrroloquinoline quinone as a vital compound for mammalian *** the regulation of different metabolic mechanisms,pyrroloquinoline quinone may improve clinical deficits where dysfunctional metabolism and mitochondrial activity contribute to induce cell damage and *** quinone has been demonstrated to have neuroprotective properties in different experimental models of neurodegeneration,although the link between pyrroloquinoline quinone-promoted metabolism and improved neuronal viability in some of such contexts is still to be fully ***,we review the general properties of pyrroloquinoline quinone and its capacity to modulate metabolic and mitochondrial mechanisms in physiological *** addition,we analyze the neuroprotective properties of pyrroloquinoline quinone in different neurodegenerative conditions and consider future perspectives for pyrroloquinoline quinone’s potential in health and disease.

关键词： metabolism mitochondria neurodegenerative disease neuroprotection pyrroloquinoline quinone retinal diseases

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Anterior mediastinal masses and thymic cysts

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World Journal of clinical Cases 2025年第4期13卷 1-7页

作者： ÖnerÖzdemir Department of Pediatric allergy and immunology Sakarya Research and Training HospitalSakarya University Medical FacultyAdapazarı54100SakaryaTürkiye

Cystic lesions of the anterior mediastinum in children suggest a well-known group of benign lesions that are comparatively *** cysts(TCs)are mostly positioned in the anterior mediastinum and some patients in the *** TCs classified as congenital intra-thoracic mesothelial cysts are commonly asymptomatic and have slight clinical *** TC,which can mimic another anterior mediastinal cystic tumor and is seen in adults,is more clinically *** is a sporadic mediastinal lesion thought to arise in the course of acquired *** mediastinal cysts represent 3%-6%of all mediastinal tumors and 10%-18%of radiologically reported mediastinal *** TCs are uncommon and it is hard to know their true *** 60%of cases with mediastinal TCs are asymptomatic,and the remainder of patients complains of nonspecific symptoms(e.g.,chest pain,dyspnea,or cough).The literature suggests that most cysts are benign,but an indefinite percentage may have a neoplastic process and result in significant compressive symptoms over *** symptoms of TCs vary depending on the *** addition,frequent symptoms at the appearance of enlarged benign thymic and mediastinal cysts generally contain compressive symptoms(e.g.,respiratory distress,thymic pain,and symptoms related to Horner syndrome,hoarseness,dysphonia,dyspnea,orthopnea,wheezing,and fever).Many TCs have cystic density and a neat border and are simple to diagnose with radiological ***,some TCs are hard to identify before surgery and may be misidentified as thymomas depending on their site and computed tomography *** by thoracotomy,median sternotomy,or video-assisted techniques is essential for conclusive diagnosis,management,and abolition of relapse of anterior mediastinal masses and *** examination may be required after *** the extent of the mass and the preliminary inability to make a definitiv

关键词： Mediastinal mass Thymic cyst Malignant tumor Cysts Thymoma Computer tomography

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Neuroprotective potential for mitigating ischemia-reperfusion-induced damage

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第8期20卷 2199-2217页

作者： Zi Ye Runqing Liu Hangxing Wang Aizhen Zuo Cen Jin Nan Wang Huiqi Sun Luqian Feng Hua Yang The clinical Medical College Guizhou Medical UniversityGuiyangGuizhou ProvinceChina division of Infectious Diseases Department of Internal MedicinePeking Union Medical College HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina School of Medical Imaging Guizhou Medical UniversityGuiyangGuizhou ProvinceChina division of Gastroenterology First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenan ProvinceChina The Second clinical Medical College Lanzhou UniversityLanzhouGansu ProvinceChina Department of Neurosurgery Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical UniversityGuiyangGuizhou ProvinceChina

Reperfusion following cerebral ischemia causes both structural and functional damage to brain tissue and could aggravate a patient's condition;this phenomenon is known as cerebral ischemia-reperfusion *** studies have elucidated the neuroprotective role of the sirtuin protein family(Sirtuins)in modulating cerebral ischemia-reperfusion ***,the potential of utilizing it as a novel intervention target to influence the prognosis of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury requires additional *** this review,the origin and research progress of Sirtuins are summarized,suggesting the involvement of Sirtuins in diverse mechanisms that affect cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury,including inflammation,oxidative stress,blood-brain barrier damage,apoptosis,pyroptosis,and *** therapeutic avenues related to Sirtuins that may improve the prognosis of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury were also investigated by modulating Sirtuins expression and affecting representative pathways,such as nuclear factor-kappa B signaling,oxidative stress mediated by adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase,and the forkhead box *** review also summarizes the potential of endogenous substances,such as RNA and hormones,drugs,dietary supplements,and emerging therapies that regulate Sirtuins *** review also reveals that regulating Sirtuins mitigates cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury when combined with other risk *** Sirtuins show promise as a potential target for the treatment of cerebral ischemiareperfusion injury,most recent studies are based on rodent models with circadian rhythms that are distinct from those of humans,potentially influencing the efficacy of Sirtuinstargeting drug ***,this review provides new insights into the role of Sirtuins in the pathology and treatment of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury.

关键词： apoptosis autophagy blood-brain barrier dietary supplements drug hormones inflammation neuroprotection oxidative stress prognosis pyroptosis reperfusion injury risk factors RNA therapeutics

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Neuroprotective role of galectin-1 in central nervous system pathophysiology

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Neural Regeneration Research 2016年第6期11卷 896-897页

作者： Ravikumar Aalinkeel Supriya D.Mahajan Department of Medicine Division of Allergy Immunology and Rheumatology State University of New York at Buffalo Clinical Translational Research Center

Galectins are a family of endogenousβglycan-binding proteins that play an important role in the modulation of inflammationassociated with neurodegeneration as seen in various neurological disorders such as dementia,m... 详细信息

关键词： galectin glycan neurological microglia endogenous infiltrating specifically neuronal pathology homeostasis

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Dietary carbohydrate intake and risk of type 2 diabetes:a 16-year prospective cohort study

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Science China Life Sciences 2025年

作者： Lu Gan Yi Yang Bin Zhao Kai Yu Kehua Guo Fang Fang Zhiguang Zhou Demetrius Albanes Jiaqi Huang Key Laboratory of Diabetes immunology Ministry of Education and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University CSU-Sinocare Research Center for Nutrition and Metabolic Health Xiangya School of Public Health Central South UniversityFurong Laboratory division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics National Cancer Institute NIH Department of Health and Human Services School of Computer Science and Engineering Central South University Institute of Environmental Medicine Karolinska Institute National clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology Ministry of Education and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University

Despite considerable research underscoring the importance of carbohydrate intake in relation to the risk of type 2 diabetes(T2D), a comprehensive assessment of this relationship is currently lacking. We aimed to examine the associations of various types and food sources of dietary carbohydrate intake with the risk of T2D, to evaluate potential effect modification by other factors, including genetic susceptibility,and to explore the potential mediators for such associations. The present study included 161,872 participants of the UK Biobank who were free of prevalent cancer, cardiovascular disease, or diabetes, and had at least one validated 24-h dietary recall assessment. Multivariableadjusted age-stratified Cox proportional hazard regression models were applied to estimate hazard ratios(HRs) and 95% confidence intervals(CI) for the associations of various types and food sources of dietary carbohydrate intake with risk of T2D. During a median follow-up of13.6 years, 4,176 incident cases of T2D were identified. In the multivariable-adjusted models, a greater intake of fiber, carbohydrates from whole grains, and carbohydrates from non-starchy vegetables was significantly associated with a lower risk of T2D(highest vs. lowest quantile, HR [95% CI]=0.70 [0.62–0.79], 0.74 [0.67–0.82], and 0.83 [0.75–0.92], respectively, all P for trend <0.005). In contrast, a higher intake of starch and carbohydrate from starchy vegetables was associated with an increased risk of T2D(highest vs. lowest quantile, HR [95%CI]=1.31 [1.16–1.48] and 1.19 [1.09–1.31], respectively, both P for trend <0.005). Replacing one serving of refined grains or starchy vegetables with an equal amount of whole grains or non-starchy vegetables was associated with 4% to 10% lower risk of T2D(all P values <0.001).The observed associations were generally similar across population subgroups, including individuals with different genetic susceptibility to T2D. Mediation analyses of the inverse association between T

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Fecal microbiota transplantation in allergic diseases

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World Journal of Methodology 2025年第2期15卷 83-91页

作者： Ece TüsüzÖnata ÖnerÖzdemir division of Pediatric allergy and immunology Medical FacultySakarya UniversityAdapazarı54100SakaryaTürkiye

Microorganisms such as bacteria,fungi,viruses,parasites living in the human intestine constitute the human intestinal *** refers to composi-tional and quantitative changes that negatively affect healthy gut *** recent years,with the demonstration that many diseases are associated with dysbiosis,treatment strategies targeting the correction of dysbiosis in the treat-ment of these diseases have begun to be *** microbiota trans-plantation(FMT)is the process of transferring faeces from a healthy donor to another recipient in order to restore the gut microbiota and provide a therapeutic *** studies have gained popularity after probiotic,prebiotic,symbiotic studies in the treatment of dysbiosis and related *** has emerged as a potential new therapy in the treatment of allergic diseases as it is associated with the maintenance of intestinal microbiota and immunological balance(T helper 1/T helper 2 cells)and thus suppression of allergic *** this article,the definition,application,safety and use of FMT in allergic diseases will be discussed with current data.

关键词： Microbiota Dysbiosis Faecal microbiota transplantation Allergic diseases

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Xenobiotics and loss of tolerance in primary biliary cholangitis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2016年第1期22卷 338-348页

作者： Jinjun Wang Guoxiang Yang Alana Mari Dubrovsky Jinjung Choi Patrick SC Leung division of Rheumatology Allergy and Clinical ImmunologyUniversity of California at DavisSchool of Medicine College of Environmental Science and Engineering Yangzhou University

Data from genome wide association studies and geoepidemiological studies established that a com-bination of genetic predisposition and environmental stimulation is required for the loss of tolerance in primary biliary cholangitis(PBC).The serologic hallmark of PBC are the presence of high titer anti-mitochondrial autoantibodies(AMA)that recognize the lipoyl domain of the mitochondrial pyruvate dehydrogenase E2(PDC--E2)*** efforts have been directed to investigate the molecular basis of ***,experimental data has pointed to the thesis that the breaking of tolerance to PDC--E2 is a pivotal event in the initial etiology of PBC,including environmental xenobiotics including those commonly found in cos-metics and food additives,suggesting that chemical modification of the PDC--E2 epitope may render its vulnerable to become a neo-antigen and trigger an immune response in genetically susceptible ***,we will discuss the natural history,genetics and immunobiology of PBC and structural constraints of PDC--E2 in AMA recognition which makes it vulnerable to chemical modification.

关键词： Antimitochondrial autoantibodies Primarybiliary cholangitis Pyruvate dehydrogenase E2 Breakingof tolerance Xenobiotics

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Alteration of the airway microbiota is associated with the progression of post-CoVID-19 chronic cough in adults: a prospective study

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Journal of Genetics and Genomics 2024年第10期51卷 1111-1120页

作者： Peiying Huang Zhaowei Yang Chen Zhan Xiaojun Xiao Zexuan Lian Liman Fang Shuxin Zhong Jiahan Xu Mo Xian Naijian Li Xinru Wang Jing Li Ruchong Chen State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory DiseaseNational Center for Respiratory MedicineDepartment of Allergy and Clinical ImmunologyGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy&Clinical ImmunologyGuangzhou Institute of Respiratory HealthTheFirst Affiliated HospitalGuangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong 510182China State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease allergy division at Shenzhen University Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Allergy and ImmunologyShenzhen UniversityShenzhenGuangdong 518055China

Cough is one of the most common symptoms observed in patients presenting with COVID-19,persisting for an extended duration following SARS-CoV-2 *** aim to describe the distribution of airway microbiota and explore its role in patients with post-CovID-19 chronic cough.A total of 57 patients experiencing persistent cough after infection were recruited during the Omicron wave of SARS-CoV-2 in *** microbiota profiling is assessed in nasopharyngeal swab,nasal lavage,and induced sputum samples at 4 and 8 weeks after SARS-CoV-2 *** findings reveal that bacterial families Staph-ylococcaceae,Corynebacteriaceae,and Enterobacteriaceae are the most prevalent in the upper airway,while Streptococcaceae,Lachnospiraceae,and Prevotellaceae emerge as the most prevalent bacterial families in the lower *** increase in the abundance of Staphylococcus in nasopharyngeal swab samples and of Streptococcus in induced sputum samples is observed after one ***,the abundance of Staphylococcus identified in nasopharyngeal swab samples at the baseline period emerges as an insightful predictor for improvement in cough *** conclusion,dynamic alterations in the airway microbial composition may contribute to the post-coviD-19 chronic cough progression,while the compositional signatures of nasopharyngeal microbiota could reflect the improvement of this disease.

关键词： Airway microbiota COVID-19 Airway dysbiosis Chronic cough Staphylococcus

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Effect of aqueous extract of Sanweitanxiang powder on calcium homeostasis protein expression in ischemic-reperfusion injury rat heart

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Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine 2013年第3期33卷 355-360页

作者： Mei Yang Shuna Zhang Shicun Ren Jinjun Wang Haixia Yun Sheng Yong Dejun Zhang Quanyu Yang Yiying Kou Dianxiang Lu Rili Ge Research Center for High Altitude Medicine in Qinghai University Obstetric and Gynecologic Department in Qinghai Red Cross Hospital division of Rheumatology/allergy and clinical immunology University of California

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the underlying mechanism of reduced myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in rats using the traditionalTibetan medicine Sanweitanxiang powder (SWTX). METHODS: Rats were randomly divided into six groups (n=10) as follows: (a) propranolol dinitrate control group, given propranolol dinitrate 0.02 g/kg for 10 days before I/R, (b) SWTX with a high dose group, given SWTX 1.5 g/kg for 10 days before I/R, (c) SWTX with a medium dose group, given SWTX 1.25 g/kg for 10 days before I/R, (d) sham group (Sham), in which the rat heart was exposed by pericardiotomy but without I/R, (e) SWTX with a low dose group, given SWTX 1.0 g/kg for 10 days before I/R, and (f) I/R injury group. Rats were intragastrically pretreated with propranolol dinitrate orSWTX. After that, the operation to cause ischemia and reperfusion was *** histopathologic changes of rat hearts were observed by hematoxylin and eosin staining and transmission electron microscopy. Ca2+ homeostasis protein expression was determined by western blot. RESULTS: After SWTX pretreatment, the development of ultrastructural pathological changes from IR injury was attenuated. A decrease in the expression of B-cell lymphoma 2 associated X protein, and an increase in the expression of B-cell lymphoma 2 were observed. An increased activation of extracellular signal regulated kinases were found. Compared with the sham group, the expression of sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium-ATPase, phospholamban, and calsequestrin were all up-regulated after pretreatment with SWTX. CONCLUSION: The protective mechanism of SWTX pretreatment on myocardial I/R injury might be related to its effect on maintaining the balance of calcium homeostasis in rat heart.

关键词： Reperfusion injury Homeostasis Pro-tein expression Sanweitanxiang powder

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Adaptive immunity in the liver

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Cellular & Molecular immunology 2016年第3期13卷 354-368页

作者： Zongwen Shuai Miranda WY Leung Xiaosong He Weici Zhang Guoxiang Yang Patrick SC Leung M Eric Gershwin division of Rheumatology Allergy and Clinical Immunology University of California Davis School of Medicine Davis CA 95616 USA Department of Rheumatology and immunology The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University Hefei 230022 China.

The anatomical architecture of the human liver and the diversity of its immune components endow the liver with its physiological function of immune competence. Adaptive immunity is a major arm of the immune system that is organized in a highly specialized and systematic manner, thus providing long-lasting protection with immunological memory. Adaptive immunity consists of humoral immunity and cellular immunity. Cellular immunity is known to have a crucial role in controlling infection, cancer and autoimmune disorders in the liver. In this article, we will focus on hepatic virus infections, hepatocellular carcinoma and autoimmune disorders as examples to illustrate the current understanding of the contribution of T cells to cellular immunity in these maladies. Cellular immune suppression is primarily responsible for chronic viral infections and cancer. However, an uncontrolled auto-reactive immune response accounts for autoimmunity. Consequently, these immune abnormalities are ascribed to the quantitative and functional changes in adaptive immune cells and their subsets, innate immunocytes, chemokines, cytokines and various surface receptors on immune cells. A greater understanding of the complex orchestration of the hepatic adaptive immune regulators during homeostasis and immune competence are much needed to identify relevant targets for clinical intervention to treat immunological disorders in the liver.

关键词： adaptive immunity T cells immunopathogenesis antiviral immunity

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