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Efficiency of seed bio-priming technique for healthy mungbean productivity under terminal drought stress

Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2021年第1期20卷 87-99页

作者： Hamid NAWAZ Nazim HUSSAIN Niaz AHMED Haseeb-ur-REHMAN Javaiz ALAM Department of agronomy The Islamia University of BahawalpurBahawapur 63100Pakistan Department of agronomy Bahauddin Zakariya UniversityMultan 60000Pakistan Department of soil science Bahauddin Zakariya UniversityMultan 60000Pakistan

Recently, drought-induced damaging impact in reducing the crop growth and development is drastically ranked at the top under various abiotic stresses. And especially water stress at the reproductive growth stages termed as terminal drought has become a severe threat for mungbean productivity. To mitigate the drought stress condition, "bio-priming" has emerged as a newly agronomic and sustainable technique in improving the mungbean production. A 2-year field study during Kharif season 2017–2018 was conducted to investigate the efficacy of rhizobacteria seed priming in mungbean(AZRI mung-06), at Agronomic Research Area, Department of agronomy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan. The experiment comprised two factors containing FA(seed treatments, control(dry seeds), hydro-priming, silicon(Si)-priming, and bio-priming(mixture strains of Pseudomonas fluorescens+Rhizobium phaseoli)) and FB(irrigation water-regimes at various growth stages including leaf formation(L), stem elongation(S)+flowering(F)+pod formation(P) containing treatments are normal irrigation(I(L+S+F+P)) and terminal drought stress(I(F+P))). All the treatments were arranged in randomized complete block design under factorial design and were replicated thrice. Results indicated that the exposure of drought stress at flowering and pod formation stages hampered the morpho-physiological growth and yield of mungbean. Nevertheless, seed priming treatments particularly bio-priming were effective in alleviating the detrimental effects of drought stress. Bio-priming significantly increased the yield and yield components(seeds/plant, 1 000-grain weight and harvest index) of mungbean and regulated the activities/levels of antioxidants(superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase, ascorbic acid, and total phenolics) under drought stress. Compared with the control, bio-priming increased the seed yield of mungbean by 8–12% under normal as well as drought stress conditions during both years of study. Bio-primi

关键词： bio-priming antioxidant activities drought nutrients uptake mungbean

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Influences of Catch Crop and Its Incorporation Time on soil Carbon and Carbon-Related Enzymes

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Pedosphere 2015年第4期25卷 569-579页

作者： Anna PIOTROWSKA-DLUGOSZ Edward WILCZEWSKI Department of soil science and soil Protection Division of Biochemistry Faculty of Agriculture and Biotechnology UTP University of Science and Technology Department of Agrotechnology Faculty of Agriculture and Biotechnology UTP University of Science and Technology

Catch crops that are cultivated for green manure play an important role in improving soil properties. A 3-year field experi- ment was conducted to investigate the effect of catch crop （pea, Pisum sativum L.） management, i.e., incorporation of catch crop in October/November （autumn） and March （spring）, and without catch crop （control）, on soil organic carbon （SOC）, microbial biomass carbon （MBC） and the activities of carbon （C）-cycle enzymes, including cellulase （Cel）, β-glucosidase （Glu） and invertase （Inv）. Additionally, soil total nitrogen （TN） and pHKcl were investigated. The catch crop was cultivated from August to October each year during 2008-2010. soil samples were collected from the field of spring barley （Hordeum vulgate L.） that had been grown after the catch crop. soil samples for microbial activity determination were taken in March, May, June and August in 2009, 2010 and 2011, while SOC and TN contents as well as pHKc1 were determined in March and August. The chemical properties studied did not show significant changes as influenced by the experimental factors. The use of catch crop significantly increased the MBC content and the activities of C-cycle enzymes compared to the control. When the catch crop was incorporated in spring, a significantly higher MBC content was noted in March and May compared to autumn incorporation. Moreover, the spring incorporation of the catch crop significantly increased the Glu activity （except March）, while the activities of Cel and Inv as well as the rate of soil basal respiration were usually unaffected by the time of catch crop incorporation. Greater microbial biomass and higher enzyme activities in the catch crop-treated soil, compared to the control, indicated that the application of the catch crop as a green manure could be recommended as a promising technique to increase the biological activity of the soil. Since there was no significant effect or no consistent results were obtained related to the time of catch crop

关键词： cellulase β-glucosidase invertase microbial biomass carbon soil basal respiration

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Diurnal variation in fecal concentrations of acid-detergent insoluble ash and alkaline-peroxide lignin from cattle fed bermudagrass hays of varying nutrient content

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Journal of Animal science and Biotechnology 2015年第4期6卷 410-415页

作者： Juvenal Kanani Dirk Philipp Kenneth P Coffey Elizabeth B Kegley Charles P West Shane Gadberry John Jennings Ashley N Young Robert T Rhein division of Agriculture University of Arkansas Department of Plant and soil science Texas Tech University

Background： The effect of time of fecal sampling on the accuracy of acid-detergent insoluble ash （ADIA） and alkaline-peroxide lignin （APL） for the prediction of fecal output （FO） in cattle was evaluated. Eight ruminally cannulated cows （594 _＋ 35.5 kg） were allocated randomly to 4 bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon （L.） Pers.] hay diets markedly different in crude protein concentration （79-164 g/kg） with 2 replicates per diet for 3 periods. Cows were offered hay individually at 20 g DM/kg of body weight daily in equal feedings at 08：00 and 16：00 h for a 10-d adaptation period followed by 5-d of total fecal collection. Fecal grab samples also were taken each day during the fecal collection period at 06：00, 12：00, 18：00, and 24：00 h either directly from the rectum or from freshly voided feces. Samples were composited within cow and time across the 5 d total fecal collection period. Additionally, forage, ort, and fecal samples were analyzed for concentrations of APL and ADIA. Results： Fecal concentrations of ADIA and APL were not affected by sampling time （P 〉 0.22）, even though diet affected （P 〈 0.01） fecal ADIA and APL concentrations. There were no diet x sampling time interactions （P ≥ 0.60）. Estimates of FO and dry matter digestibility （DMD） from ADIA and APL were not affected （P 〉 0.16） by sampling time or the diet x sampling time interaction （P 〉 0.74）. Estimates of FO and DMD from markers from different sampling times or all different combinations of sampling time were not different （P 〉 0.72） from those of total collection among internal markers. Conclusion： Little variation in concentrations of ADIA and APL in daily fecal excretion across time increases flexibility in fecal grab sampling schedules for predicting FO and DMD.

关键词： Digestibility Fecal sampling time Internal markers Bermudagrass Cattle

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Influence of Diazotrophic Bacteria on Antioxidant Enzymes and Some Biochemical Characteristics of Soybean Subjected to Water Stress

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2012年第11期11卷 1828-1835页

作者： Hamed Zakikhani Mohammad RezaArdakani Farhad Rejali Majid Gholamhoseini Aydin Khodaei Joghan Aria Dolatabadian division of Sustainable Agriculture Agricultural Research CenterIslamic Azad University Karaj Branch soil and Water Research Institute agronomy Department Faculty of AgricultureTarbiat Modares University

Drought stress is an abiotic stress that imposes serious constraints on plants. The present investigation was carried out to determine the inter-relationship between some physiological attributes of soybeans affected by drought stress and pure isolates ofAzotobacter andAzospirillum. Drought stress and bacterial application increased catalase and glutathione peroxidase activity, whereas drought stress increased superoxide dismutase activity during the pod-filling stage. Abscisic acid and proline levels increased due to drought stress and bacterial application during the flowering stage, whereas total plant nitrogen was enhanced under well-watered conditions when plants were inoculated with bacteria. The close relationship between enzyme activity and drought stress with bacteria indicated that antioxidant enzymes play an important role in alleviating the detrimental effects of water stress. In addition, the enhancement of abscisic acid and proline could be positively linked with drought stress, and drought-induced abscisic acid could induce proline accumulation and the expression of antioxidant enzyme genes.

关键词： abscisic acid Azospirillum Azotobacter proline soybean water stress

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Estimates on nitrogen uptake in the subsequent wheat by aboveground and root residue and rhizodeposition of using peanut labeled with^(15)N isotope on the North China Plain

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2019年第3期18卷 571-579页

作者： ZHANG Kai ZHAO Jie WANG Xi-quan XU He-shui ZANG Hua-dong LIU Jing-na HU Yue-gao ZENG Zhao-hai College of agronomy and Biotechnology China Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193P.R.China Department of Agricultural soil science University of GöttingenGöttingen 37077Germany Plant&soil science Section Department of Plant and Environmental ScienceFaculty of ScienceUniversity of CopenhagenFrederiksberg 2100Denmark

Leguminous crops play a vital role in enhancing crop yield and improving soil fertility. Therefore, it can be used as an organic N source for improving soil fertility. The purpose of this study was to(i) quantify the amounts of N derived from rhizodeposition, root and above-ground biomass of peanut residue in comparison with wheat and(ii) estimate the effect of the residual N on the wheat-growing season in the subsequent year. The plants of peanut and wheat were stem fed with 15 N urea using the cotton-wick method at the Wuqiao Station of China Agricultural University in 2014. The experiment consisted of four residue-returning strategies in a randomized complete-block design:(i) no return of crop residue(CR0);(ii) return of above-ground biomass of peanut crop(CR1);(iii) return of peanut root biomass(CR2); and(iv) return of all residue of the whole peanut plant(CR3). The 31.5 and 21% of the labeled 15 N isotope were accumulated in the above-ground tissues(leaves and stems) of peanuts and wheat, respectively. N rhizodeposition of peanuts and wheat accounted for 14.91 and 3.61% of the BG15 N, respectively. The 15 N from the below-ground 15 N-labeled of peanuts were supplied 11.3, 5.9, 13.5, and 6.1% of in the CR0, CR1, CR2, and CR3 treatments, respectively. Peanut straw contributes a significant proportion of N to the soil through the decomposition of plant residues and N rhizodeposition. With the current production level on the NCP, it is estimated that peanut straw can potentially replace 104 500 tons of synthetic N fertilizer per year. The inclusion of peanut in rotation with cereal can significantly reduce the use of N fertilizer and enhance the system sustainability.

关键词： cropping system crop residues rhizodeposition ^(15)N labeling

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Comparison of acid-detergent lignin,alkaline-peroxide lignin,and acid-detergent insoluble ash as internal markers for predicting fecal output and digestibility by cattle offered bermudagrass hays of varying nutrient composition

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Journal of Animal science and Biotechnology 2014年第3期5卷 310-317页

Background： The potential for acid-detergent insoluble ash （ADIA）, alkaline-peroxide lignin （APL）, and acid-detergent lignin （ADL） to predict fecal output （FO） and dry matter digestibility （DMD） by cattle offered bermudagrass [Cynodon doctylon （L） Pers.] hays of different qualities was evaluated. Eight ruminally cannulated cows （594 ± 35.5 kg） were allocated randomly to 4 hay diets： low （L）, medium low （ML）, medium high （MH）, and high （H） crude protein （CP） concentration （79, 111,131, and 164 g CP/kg on a DM basis, respectively）. Diets were offered in 3 periods with 2 diet replicates per period and were rotated across cows between periods. Cows were individually fed 20 g DM/kg of body weight in equal feedings at 08：00 and 16：00 h for a 10-d adaptation followed by a 5-d total fecal collection. Actual DM intake （DMI）, DMD, and FO were determined based on hay offered, ort, and feces excreted. These components were then analyzed for ADL, APL, and ADIA concentration to determine marker recovery and marker-based estimates of FO and DMD. Results： Forage DMI was affected by diet （P = 0.02）, and DMI from MH and H was greater （P 〈 0.05） than from L. Apparent DMD tended （P = 0.08） to differ among diets while FO （P = 0.20） was not affected by diet treatments. Average ADL recovery （1.16） was greater （P 〈 0.05） than that of ADIA （1.03） and APL （1.06）, but ADIA and APL did not differ （P = 0.42）. Estimates of FO and DMD derived using APL and ADIA were not different （P≥0.05） from total fecal collection while those using ADL differed （P 〈 0.05）. There was no diet by marker interaction （P≥ 0.22） for either FO or DMD. Conclusion： Acid-detergent insoluble ash and APL accurately predicted FO and DMD of cattle fed bermudagrass hay of varying nutrient composition. These internal markers may facilitate studies involving large numbers of animals and forages. Results from such studies may be used to develop improved equations to predict energy values of forages based on the relationship of di

关键词： Acid-detergent insoluble ash Alkaline-peroxide lignin Bermudagrass Cattle Digestibility Marker

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Comparative Efficacy of Weed Control Practices for Parthenium Weed and Sunflower Crop under Varying Tillage Systems

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Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany 2020年第3期89卷 727-742页

作者： Noor Ahmad Rana Nadeem Abbas Asif Tanveer Zulfiqar Ahmad Saqib Deaprtment of agronomy University of Agriculture FaisalabadFaisalabad7800Pakistan Institute of soil and Environmental science University of Agriculture FaisalabadFaisalabad7800Pakistan

Parthenium poses serious threat to modern crop production system and necessitate evaluating control practices for its effective *** of different weed control practices for controlling parthenium was explored in conventional and deep tillage systems in the field *** hoeing(20 and 35 days after emergence),S-Metolachlor(pre-emergence herbicide),sorghum straw mulch@5 tons ha-1 and combination of hand hoeing and sorghum straw mulch(hand hoeing at 20 and straw mulch at 35 days after emergence)were used as weed control *** check where no weed control measure was applied was also included in this experiment for *** concluded that the all weed management treatments significantly reduced parthenium density,its fresh and dry biomass during both the years of study as compared to weedy *** sunflower achene yield was recorded in hand hoeing(20 and 35 days after emergence)in combination with deep ***,mold bold plough used for the purpose of deep tillage should be encouraged for better control of parthenium and higher achene yield of sunflower crop(3293.3 kg ha^(-1) in 2017 and 3221.3 kg ha^(-1) in 2018).Moreover,is also inferred that total dose of herbicide might be reduced by using hoeing and mulching in an integrated way.

关键词： Parthenium mulch hoeing tillage s-metolachlor sunflower

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Relationships Between Permeability and Erodibility of Cultivated Acrisols and Cambisols in Subtropical China

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Pedosphere 2006年第3期16卷 304-311页

作者： YU Dong-Sheng SHI Xue-Zheng D. C. WEINDORF State Key Laboratory of soil and Sustainable Agriculture Institute of Soil Science Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing 210008 （China） Department of Agribusiness Agronomy Horticulture and Range Management Tarleton State University Stephenville TX 76302 （USA）

The relationships between soil erodibility factor （K） and soil saturated permeability （gfs） for cultivated Acrisols derived from Quaternary red clay and Cambisols derived from red sandstone were studied and quantified using a rainfall simulator and Guelph permeameter in a hilly area of subtropical China. A negative correlation existed between Kfs of the topsoil （0-5 cm） and K. The empirical expression K ≈ α × Kfs^-b＋c, where a, b and c are the structural coefficients related to soil properties, such as soil type, soil parent material, organic matter, pH and mechanical composition, best described the relationship between soil saturated permeability and soil erodibility.

关键词： soil erodibility soil saturated permeability subtropical China upland

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Resistance and resilience of soil biological indicators:A case study with multi-walled carbon nanotube

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Pedosphere 2024年第3期34卷 664-675页

作者： Shagufta YASMEEN Nintu MANDAL Anupam DAS Pritam GANGULY Sanjay KUMAR Rajiv RAKSHIT Department of soil science and Agricultural Chemistry Bihar Agricultural UniversitySabourBhagalpur 813210(India) Department of agronomy Bihar Agricultural UniversitySabourBhagalpur 813210(India)

soil ecosystem is experiencing stresses due to climate change,and soil inhabitants try to demonstrate their inherent resistance and resilience against those *** of nanomaterials as agricultural inputs could bring shifts in resistance and resilience patterns of soil microbes and associated enzymes,especially under short-term heat *** this background,the impacts of multi-walled carbon nanotube(MWCNT)on the resistance and resilience of soil biological indicators were *** incubation experiment was conducted with varied MWCNT concentrations(0,50,100,250,and 500 mg kg-1soil)for 90 d after 24-h heat stress at 48±2?C to assess the impacts of MWCNT on soil enzyme activities and microbial populations vis-à-vis their resistance and resilience indices under short-term exposure to heat *** activities were reduced after exposure to heat *** indices of enzyme activities were enhanced by MWCNT application on day 1 after heat stress,whereas there was no recovery of enzyme activities after 90-d *** soil enzyme activities,resistance index values of soil microbial populations followed the similar trend and were improved by MWCNT ***-walled carbon nanotube has the potential to improve resistance indices of soil enzyme activities and microbial populations under heat stress,although they could not recover to their original state during periodical incubation after heat *** study helps to understand the relative changes of biological indicators under MWCNT and their ability to withstand heat stress.

关键词： enzyme activity heat stress microbial population nanomaterial recovery

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Effects of Cooking on Anthocyanin Concentration and Bioactive Antioxidant Capacity in Glutinous and Non-Glutinous Purple Rice

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Rice science 2018年第5期25卷 270-278页

作者： Supaporn YAMUANGMORN Bernard DELL Chanakan PROM-U-THAI agronomy division Department of Plant and Soil Sciences Faculty of Agriculture Chiang Mai University Office of the Deputy Vice Chancellor Murdoch University Lanna Rice Research Center Chiang Mai University

Purple rice is a source of bioactive antioxidants for rice consumers. Loss of the major antioxidant compounds after a range of cooking processes was evaluated by measuring the changes in anthocyanin concentration （ATC） and antioxidant capacity （DPPH activity） of four non-glutinous and four glutinous genotypes. However, soaking in water prior to cooking generally decreased more ATC and antioxidant capacity in non-glutinous than in glutinous genotypes. Wet cooking （WC） and soaking before wet cooking （S-WC） led to lose almost all the ATC and antioxidant capacity with only slight variation between genotypes. In the glutinous genotype Pieisu, which had the highest raw rice ATC, ATC remained the highest when cooked by the WC method. By contrast, almost no ATC remained after WC and S-WC in the low ATC genotypes such as Kum Doi Saket. Overall, the loss of ATC was greater in non-glutinous than in glutinous genotypes for both WC and S-WC methods, but the reverse occurred for antioxidant capacity. WC using electric rice cooker retained higher ATC than the pressure cooking. Thus, for genotypes with high ATC and antioxidant capacity, the selection of cooking method is critical for retaining and stabilizing rice quality.

关键词： purple rice rice cooking anthocyanin antioxidant capacity wet cooking

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