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How Does Participation in Agricultural Cooperatives Affect the Performance of Family farms?——Empirical Evidence from 553 Planting Family farms in Xinjiang Corps

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Journal of Systems Science and Information 2024年

作者： Zhiping HUANG Na LI Xishan farmland The 12th Division of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps School of Economics and management University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

Participation in agricultural cooperative organizations is an important form of industrial chain organization expansion, but also an important way to effectively reduce industrial chain transaction costs and promote the quality and efficiency improvement of new agricultural business *** on the micro-survey data of 553 family farms in Xinjiang Corps in 2021, this paper uses stochastic frontier approach to measure the business performance of family farms in Xinjiang Corps, and discusses the action mechanism and difference in the influence of participation in agricultural cooperative organizations on the business performance of family farms. The research shows that participation in agricultural cooperative organizations can significantly improve the business performance of family farms through such mechanisms as easing the constraints of farm credit financing, reducing the transaction costs of agricultural products, and promoting the adoption of agricultural technologies. Compared with food farms, cotton and fruit and vegetable family farms have more obvious performance improvement in participating in agricultural cooperative organizations. Moreover, participation in agricultural cooperation organizations has a stronger effect on the performance improvement of farms in northern Xinjiang. It is found that the vertical extension of the industrial chain between”family farm+agricultural cooperative organization” and network marketers, chain supermarkets, industrial leading enterprises and agricultural production and marketing enterprises is conducive to the improvement of the business performance of family farms, among which the performance improvement effect of”family farm+agricultural cooperative organization+network marketers” mode is more obvious. The research provides a scientific reference for deepening the expansion of the industrial chain organization and promoting the quality-oriented growth of family farms in the new era.

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A dwarf bamboo(Pleioblastus chino) and winter browsing by Japanese hare(Lepus brachyurus) combine to limit establishment of transplanted native tree seedlings in an abandoned agricultural field

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Journal of Forestry Research 2016年第6期27卷 1287-1294页

作者： Yoshinori Tokuoka Kentaro Ohigashi Koji Watanabe Hiroshi Yamaguchi Takahiro Ara Nobukazu Nakagoshi Biodiversity division National Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences (NIAES) Ecosystem Informatics division NIAES Experimental farm management division NIAES Graduate School for International Development and Cooperation Hiroshima University

Natural forest recovery on abandoned farmland is hindered by a variety of factors and active restoration plays an important role when quick afforestation is desired. We investigated seedling survival of four transplanted native tree species （Quercus myrsinifolia, Quercus serrata, Aphananthe aspera, and Rhus sylvestris） by experimentally manipulating the vegetation cover, which was mainly dominated by dwarf bamboo （Pleioblastus chino）, and herbivore access to the planting sites on farmland that had been abandoned for 15 years at the start of the study. Few transplanted seedlings of any species survived under intact vegetation cover, irrespective of herbivore presence. In gaps in the vegetation cover, winter browsing by Japanese hare （Lepus brachyurus） damaged all species. However, lower browsing frequency and higher resprouting ability after grazing of the seedlings enabled both Quercus species to survive better than the other species. These results indicate that dwarf bamboo and the hare jointly limit the establishment of native trees in old fields. If active afforestation by transplanting seedlings at sites dominated by dwarf bamboo is planned, a combination of vegetation removal, selection of suitable species, and temporary seedling protection will be most effective.

关键词： farmland abandonment Microsite limitation Monodominant dwarf bamboo Resprouting Seedling herbivory

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Analysis of Genetic and Biogeography Diversity of Korean Indigenous Wild Rocambole (<i>Allium monanthum</i>Max)

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2013年第5期4卷 1054-1059页

作者： Gihwan Yi Kyung-Min Kim division of agroindustry & farm management Kyungpook National University Daegu South Korea division of Plant Biosciences School of Plant Biosciences Kyungpook National University Daegu South Korea.

This study was conducted to obtain baseline data describing Allium monanthum Max. for breeding an elite cultivar. A. monanthum has recently become popular vegetable in Korea owing to its unique flavors and nutraceutical effects. The agronomic traits of 271 accessions of A. monanthum collected throughout Korea were evaluated in this study. Leaf width showed the greatest variation (0.1 to 25 mm) among traits evaluated, followed by leaf sheath length and number of cormlets. The average leaf sheath length and diameter, which are commonly used to evaluate quality in the market, were 1.29 cm and 0.3 cm. Some superior accessions had a leaf sheath length of >10 cm and diameter of >1.1 cm. The average weight of the cormlets ranged from 1 to 2 g;however, one accession weighed more than 4 g. The genetic diversity of A. monanthum calculated based on morphology and molecular distance was greater in Jeolla and Gyeoungsang provinces than Gyeonggi and Chungcheong provinces. Finally, seven elite accessions of A. monanthum were selected owing to their potential usefulness in future breeding projects.

关键词： Allium monanthum Indigenous Agronomic Traits Elite Lines Breeding

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Stability of PAC(Psy-2A-Crt I) gene and agronomic traits in the F_(2:3) of IR36/PAC transgenic plants

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2015年第6期14卷 1163-1170页

作者： Hyun Suk Lee Gihwan Yi Kyung Min Kim division of Plant Biosciences School of Applied Biosciences College of Agriculture and Life Science Kyungpook National University Department of farm management College of Agriculture and Life Science Kyungpook National University

This study was carried out to evaluate the expression of yellow endosperm color in the progeny of Psy-2A-Crt I（β-carotene gene, PAC） transgenic plants crossed with IR36. The selected 25 lines of F2 progeny exhibited stable expression of yellow endosperm color and high agronomic characteristics. IR36 and PAC transgenic plant of the grain length, width and ratio showed the same tendency of normal distribution. For progeny selection, colorimeters were as employed to distinguish differing visible colors. Correlation analysis was conducted to investigate the relationship between b＊ value and the expression of specific genes. b＊ value was associated with the relative expression of the PAC-Rev and MAR product by real-time PCR and t-test revealed significant difference. Based on this study, correlation between colorimetric values and real-time PCR was effective to detect gene expression. Yellow endosperm progenies represent a new genetic pool that might be useful to increase the genetic diversity of yellow endosperm rice.

关键词： transgenic agronomic crossed yellow breeding panicle length distinguish phenotype Correlation

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Influence of protein characteristics and the proportion of gluten on end-use quality in Korean wheat cultivars

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2018年第8期17卷 1706-1719页

作者： Seong-Woo Cho Chon-Sik Kang Hyeon Seok Ko Byung-Kee Baik Kwang-Min Cho Chul Soo Park Department of Crop Science & Biotechnology Chonbuk National University National Institute of Crop Science Rural Development Administration farm & Agribusiness management division Rural Development Administration USDA-ARS CSWQRU Soft Wheat Quality Laboratory Research Center of Bioactive Materials Chonbuk National University

The effects of protein characteristics and the proportion of gluten on end-use quality in 13 Korean wheat cultivars for three years were verified in this study. Year, cultivar, and the interaction between the year and the cultivar influenced protein characteristics, the proportion of gluten except for γ-and ω-gliadin using RP-HPLC(reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography), and end-use quality. Protein characteristics and the proportion of gluten in Korean wheat cultivars were between those of Australian standard white(ASW) and hard wheat(AH). Korean wheat cultivars exhibited a higher average α+β gliadin proportion than imported wheat, a γ-gliadin proportion similar to that of dark northern spring wheat, and the same ω-gliadin proportion as AH. They showed a bread-loaf volume intermediate between those of ASW and AH and a texture of cooked noodles similar to that of soft white wheat, but less springiness than imported wheat. The cookie diameter of Korean wheat cultivars was similar to that of hard red winter wheat. There was a correlation between bread-loaf volume and protein characteristics, except for the protein content in Korean wheat cultivars. Springiness and cohesiveness of cooked noodles were not correlated with protein characteristics, while hardness was correlated with the protein content and water absorption of a mixograph. Cookie diameter was negatively correlated with the sodium dodecyl sulfate(SDS) sedimentation volume and water absorption of a mixograph. The end-use quality was not correlated with any proportion of gluten composition. Principal component analysis(PCA) showed that the proportion of gluten was not related to the quality of the bread(both PCs, 81.3%), noodle(77.7%), and cookie(82.4%). PCA explained that Keumkang is suitable for superior bread, while Uri is good for cooked noodles and cookies.

关键词： wheat quality flour quality storage proteins

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Removal of competitive native species combined with tree planting can accelerate the initial afforestation process: an experiment in an old field in Japan invaded by dwarf bamboo and kudzu

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Journal of Forestry Research 2015年第3期26卷 581-588页

作者： Yoshinori Tokuoka Kentaro Ohigashi Koji Watanabe Hiroshi Yamaguchi Takahiro Ara Nobukazu Nakagoshi Biodiversity division National Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences 3-1-3 Kannondai TsukubaIbaraki 305-8604 Japan Ecosystem Informatics division National Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences 3-1-3 Kannondai TsukubaIbaraki 305-8604 Japan Experimental farm management division National Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences 3-1-3 KannondaiTsukuba Ibaraki 305-8604 Japan Graduate School for International Development and Cooperation Hiroshima University 1-5-1 KagamiyamaHigashi-Hiroshima 739-8529 Japan

Restoring natural forests after field abandon- ment is a land management objective that fosters the re- covery of forest biodiversity. We performed seeding and transplanting of native tree species 40 years after the abandonment of an arable field that became dominated by a dwarf bamboo （Pleioblastus chino （Franch. et Sav.） Makino） and by kudzu （Pueraria lobata （Willd.） Ohwi）. By permutation tests, the removal of competing vegetation （gap creation） significantly increased the survival of three seeded species of Fagaceae and of eight transplanted spe- cies. In contrast, intact vegetation prevented most indi- viduals of all species from surviving for 1 year after planting. The lack of natural recruitment of Fagaceae in the nonseeded subplots indicated that seed limitation was a cause of the slow afforestation. Although litter accumula- tion in gaps at the time of seeding slightly increased sur- vival for late-germinating Quercus myrsinifolia Blume andCastanopsis sieboldii （Makino） Hatus. ex T. Yamaz. et Mashiba, the effect was not consistent among plots and was not statistically significant. Our results suggest that for successful afforestation using native trees in abandoned fields, it will be necessary to remove competitive native species to avoid severe limitations on microsite availability and that simultaneous tree establishment by seeding or transplanting should be implemented to accelerate the establishment of native tree species.

关键词： farmland abandonment - Micrositelimitation Pleioblastus chino Pueraria lobata Treeseedling

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Rice Transplanting Mechanization in Bangladesh: Way to Make It Sustainable

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Agricultural Sciences 2022年第2期13卷 130-149页

作者： Md. Anwar Hossen Md. Mahir Shahriyar Sharmin Islam Haimonti Paul Md. Mizanur Rahman farm Machinery and Post-Harvest Technology division Bangladesh Rice Research Institute (BRRI) Gazipur Bangladesh

“Rice transplanter” has brought a radical change in the method of rice seedlings transplanting in Bangladesh. The machine is gaining popularity with the increase of labor crisis during the peak period of transplanting, reduction time of in-between crops, rapid urbanization and industrialization, and changing socio-economic status of the farmers. Alternatively, the traditional way of rice transplanting is labor-intensive and involves high drudgery. Mechanical rice transplanter is cost-effective and operation-friendly. It is suitable to plant young seedlings maintaining plant to plant and line to line distance which plays an important role in increasing yield. Moreover, it is easy to take care of the crops planted in rows. It helps in maintaining soil physical properties and is considered to be better from a crop management and productivity point of view. In malignancy of having an edge over the traditional broadcasting, the adoption rate of mechanical transplanters is low due to high primary investment, lack of knowledge in growing mat type nursery, lack of repair and maintenance facility to the end-users, and unavailability of spare parts. Imparting these, available supply, entrepreneurship development, and encouraging custom hire services may be some of the practical results for adding the rice area under mechanical transplanting. This review summarizes the problems and prospects associated with seedling rice transplanting, technological gaps in the adoption of mechanical transplanters in a sustainable manner, and future ways to make transplanters more user-friendly and cost-effective.

关键词： Rice Establishment Transplanter Mechanization Mat Type Seedling Operator Training

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Effect of Tillage and Residue Retention on Soil Properties and Crop Yields in Wheat-Mungbean-Rice Crop Rotation under Subtropical Humid Climate

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Open Journal of Soil Science 2017年第1期7卷 1-17页

作者： Nazmus Salahin Khairul Alam Abu Taher Mohammad Anwarul Islam Mondol Mahammad Shariful Islam Md. Harunur Rashid Muhammad Azizal Hoque Soil Science division Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI) Gazipur Bangladesh Land management Group School of Veterinary and Life Sciences Murdoch University Murdoch Australia On-farm Research division BARI Gazipur Bangladesh Department of Agricultural Extension MoA Dhaka Bangladesh

The effects of conservation agriculture (CA) practices on soil properties along with crop yields of rice-based triple cropping systems have not been adequately assessed in Bangladesh. An experiment was conducted at Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Gazipur, Bangladesh from 2009 to 2012 to assess the effects of tillage practices and crop residue retention on soil physical properties, soil organic carbon (SOC) and crop yields in a wheat-mungbean-rice system. Treatments consisted of three tillage practices (MT: minimum tillage;CT: conventional tillage and DT: deep tillage) and eight levels of crop residue management (S0—no residues retention, Sr—retention of 30 cm rice straw, Sm—whole mungbean stover retention, SW—30 cm wheat straw retention, Smr—whole mungbean stover & 30 cm rice straw retention, Srw—30 cm rice & wheat straw retention, Smw—whole mungbean stover & 30 cm wheat straw retention and Swrm—30 cm wheat and rice straw along with whole mungbean stover retention) were applied in split plot design with three replications. Bulk density (BD) and porosity responded positively to MT and increased residue retention of all crops (p > 0.05). Minimum tillage and Swrm also significantly accumulated SOC (p < 0.05;0.38% higher than DT with no residue retention) and retained soil moisture (p < 0.05). Minimum tillage practice performed better in upland crops (p < 0.05;wheat & mungbean yields) and CT outperformed MT in wetland rice crop (p < 0.05). The grain and straw yields of wheat and rice were also influenced by previous crop residue retentions (p < 0.05). The results, therefore, suggested that increased residue retention with minimum tillage practices improved soil properties and yield of upland crops but with deeper tillage practices consistently maintained wetland rice production.

关键词： Cropping System Residue Retention Soil Moisture Soil Organic Carbon (SOC) Tillage Practices

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Analysis of Low Amylose and Processability Fractured Endosperms Derived from Somatic Variation

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2013年第6期4卷 21-27页

作者： Gihwan Yi Kyung Min Kim Department of farm management College of Agriculture & Life Science Kyungpook National University Gunwi-gun South Korea division of Plant Biosciences School of Applied Biosciences College of Agriculture and Life Science Kyungpook National University Daegu South Korea.

Recently, improving eating quality and processing properties has become one of the most important objectives in japonica rice breeding programs in Korea. This study was carried out to determine the agronomy and physicochemical characteristics of the opaque endosperm rice "S-21-3-8" regenerated from seed-derived callus culture of a rice cultivar, "Ilpum". S3 generation of opaque endosperm mutants selected from pedigree breeding was used for analysis of agronomic and physicochemical traits. Genetic segregation was observed at the highest frequency among opaque endosperm mutants, being present in 85.7% (12/14 lines) of the entire opaque lines. However, the major agricultural characteristics and grain traits of "S-21-3-8" were similar to those of a donor cultivar, "Ilpum". "S-21-3-8" showed significantly lower (10.6%) amylose than those (17.7%) of "Ilpum" in brown rice, while the protein levels were similar to those of the donor plant. The grain hardness of "S-21-3-8" (1.67 kgf/mm2) was lower than that of "Ilpum" (1.97 kgf/mm2), resulting in a high flour-milling percentage. The loosely packed starch granules of "S-21-3-8" in the opaque endosperm were demonstrated by SEM analysis of cross-sectioned rice grains. The opaque endosperm mutants that were of somaclonal variations in the tissue culture will lead to improved eating quality and processing properties of rice.

关键词： Rice Opaque Endosperm Flour-Milling Starch Granules

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Rangelands of Central Asia:challenges and opportunities

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Journal of Arid Land 2016年第1期8卷 93-108页

作者： Alisher MIRZABAEV Mohamed AHMED Jutta WERNER John PENDER Mounir LOUHAICHI Center for Development Research University of Bonn Monitoring African Food and Agricultural Policies Agricultural Development Economics Division Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Diversification and Sustainable Intensification of Production Systems Program International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas farm and Rural Household Well-being Branch Economic Research Service United States Department of Agriculture

Rangelands of Central Asia (referring to Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan in this study), the largest contiguous area of grazed land in the world, serve as an important source of livelihood for pastoral and agro-pastoral communities in this region. They also play an important role in absorbing CO2 as a global carbon sink. However, unsustainable management of rangelands has led to their degradation hugely by downgrading their potential agro-ecological, environmental and socio-economical roles. This paper reviewed the rangeland degradation in Central Asia, a topic which so far has received only scant coverage in the international scientific literature. It also provided examples of successful experiences and outlined possible options that land managers can adopt to enhance the sustainable management of these vast degraded rangelands. The experiences and lessons described in this paper may also be relevant for other degraded rangeland areas, especially in the developing countries. The causes of rangeland degradation within the Central Asian region are numerous, complex and inter-related. Therefore, while addressing the factors associated with improper rangeland management may shed some light on the causes of rangeland degradation, the scope of this paper would not be all-encompassing for the major causes of degradation. There is a need to develop and widely apply the viable and locally accepted and adapted packages of technical, institutional and policy options for sustainable rangeland management. Incentivizing the collective action of small-scale pastoralists who group together to facilitate access to remote pastures can reduce the degree of overgrazing within community pastures, such as those near the settlements. We also found that migratory grazing through pooling of resources among small-scale pastoralists can increase household income. After their independence, most Central Asian countries adopted various rangeland tenure

关键词： rangeland degradation flock mobility overgrazing sustainable rangeland management drylands land tenure

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