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Delineating Key Determinants of Domestic Fuelwood Consumption of Rural Households in Western Himalaya-Policy Implications

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Journal of Mountain Science 2014年第1期11卷 195-204页

作者： MUSHTAQ Tahir SOOD Kamal Kishor PESHIN Rajinder division of Agroforestry Sher-e-kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology division of agricultural extension education Sher-e-kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology

A study was carried out in district Samba of Western Himalayan province of Jammu and Kashmir of *** data were collected in an interview schedule in personal interview with 180 household *** association between the level of fuelwood consumption(low versus high consumption) and different factors,each individually,was investigated using chi-square test of association at 0.001 level of *** was found that out of 25 socio-economic,biophysical and alternate fuel factors,15 factors(each individually) significantly influenced the domestic fuelwood *** regression models of alternate fuel use,social,economic and biophysical factors were developed to identify key variables influencing fuelwood consumption levels within each respective category.A composite model was also developed to identify key factors when all variables in all the pre-said categories were considered ***,in contrast to expectation the model with alternate fuel use did not provide a good *** biophysical model also did not provide a good *** economic and composite models were the same with equal level of accuracy of *** implies that economic aspects,rather than the availability of alternate fuels,dominate fuelwood consumption levels of rural *** to increase the exposure of the head of household to outside world needs to formulated to reduce the domestic fuelwood consumption *** nearer to state forests are to be educated about efficient use of fuelwood and be encouraged to intensify use of Liquified Petroleum *** wider implications of study are:the availability of alternate fuels is not a necessary condition to decrease household level domestic fuelwood *** factors needs to be considered in designing strategies to reduce fuelwood *** employment opportunities would increase the opportunity cost of fuelwood collection and this would reduce its use.

关键词： Social Economic Household Alternate fuel Regression

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Evaluation of Different Predictor Models for Detailed Soil Particle-Size Distribution

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Pedosphere 2018年第1期28卷 157-164页

作者： Fatemeh MESKINI-VISHKAEE Naser DAVATGAR Soil and Water Research Department Khuzestan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO) Soil and Water Research Institute Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO)

An accurate mathematical representation of soil particle-size distribution(PSD) is required to estimate soil hydraulic properties or to compare texture measurements using different classification systems. However, many databases do not contain full PSD data,but instead contain only the clay, silt, and sand mass fractions. The objective of this study was to evaluate the abilities of four PSD models(the Skaggs model, the Fooladmand model, the modified Gray model GM(1,1), and the Fredlund model) to predict detailed PSD using limited soil textural data and to determine the effects of soil texture on the performance of the individual PSD *** mean absolute error(MAE) and root mean square error(RMSE) were used to measure the goodness-of-fit of the models, and the Akaike's information criterion(AIC) was used to compare the quality of model fits. The performance of all PSD models except the GM(1,1) improved with increasing clay content in soils. This result showed that the GM(1,1) was less dependent on soil *** Fredlund model was the best for describing the PSDs of all soil textures except in the sand textural class. However, the GM(1,1) showed better performance as the sand content increased. These results indicated that the Fredlund model showed the best performance and the least values of all evaluation criteria, and can be used using limited soil textural data for detailed PSD.

关键词： Akaike's information criterion Fredlund model Gray model mean absolute error root mean square error soil texture

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Effect of different treatments on electrokinetic remediation of Zn, Pb and Cd from a contaminated calcareous soil

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2021年第10期34卷 255-265页

作者： Hossein Beyrami National Salinity Research Center Agricultural ResearchEducation and Extension OrganizationYazdIran

Electrokinetic remediation is a promising method to decontamination of the heavy metals from *** this paper,the remediation of a contaminated calcareous soil with Zn,Cd and Pb sampled from around Zanjan province of Iran,was investigated using electrokinetic *** this paper,the soil contain a high concentration of Zn(1400 mg·kg^(-1)),Cd(15 mg·kg^(-1))and Pb(250 mg·kg^(-1)).Electrokinetic decontamination consists of two series of experiments as follows:(1)the effect of five treatments including the use of distilled water,acetic acid and EDTA electrolyte solutions,and approaching anodes systems,and the circulation flow of electrolyte at two different voltage gradient(i.e.1.33 and 2.66 V·cm^(-1)),and(2)the effect of moisture content(saturated,FC and 0.7 FC,FC indicated soil moisture at "Field Capacity")with a voltage gradient of 1.33 V·cm^(-1).After applying electric current for 5 days,the results of experiments indicated that the removal efficiency of heavy metals can be increased by raising the voltage *** this matter,the highest remediation can be observed among different treatments in EDTA(Ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid)treatment(40.11%,43.10%and 24.7%for Zn,Cd and Pb,respectively).Moreover,the heavy metals removal at the saturated moisture was at the highest level so that 32.62%cadmium,31.33%zinc and 18.82%lead being removed after 120 h of electric current *** decreasing moisture to 0.7 FC,the removal percentage for the three heavy metals obtained 20.97%,18.44%and 12.25%,***,Cd had the highest removal,and Zn and Pb were next among the three heavy metals in question.

关键词： Decontamination Soil moisture Voltage gradient Cadmium Lead Zinc

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The power of microsatellite markers and AFLPs in revealing the genetic diversity of Hashemi aromatic rice from Iran

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2016年第6期15卷 1186-1197页

作者： Alireza Tarang Anahita Bakhshizadeh Gashti Gilan Branch Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran/Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREO)

Hashemi, a popular aromatic rice among Iranians, is famous for its fragrance and taste. Such features are major reasons for its higher price compared to non-aromatic varieties available in Iran. Therefore, the knowledge of genetic diversity of this profitable crop is a fundamental ineterst for plant breeders in future breeding programs. In the present research, genetic diversity among 35 genotypes of Hashemi aromatic rice （Oryza sativa L.） from Guilan and Mazandaran provinces of Iran was estimated using simple sequence repeat （SSR） and amplified fragment length polymorphism （AFLP） markers. Out of 21 SSR and 12 EcoRI-Msel AFLP marker combinations, only 16 SSRs and 10AFLPs exhibited polymorphic patterns while others were monomorphic. The 10 AFLP primer combinations produced a total of 142 of bands and 20 were polymorphic （14.08%）. Moreover, 40 out of 47 bands amplified with 16 SSR markers showed polymorphism （85.1%）. The average num- ber of alleles identified by SSR primers was 2.56 alleles per locus with a range of 2 to 4. The average value of polymorphic information content （PIC） was 0.393 and 0.468 for AFLP and SSR markers, respectively. However, the genetic similarity values ranged from 0.26 to 1 for SSRs and 0.21 to 1 forAFLPs. Later, a unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean （UPGMA） dendrogram was generated and genotypes were clustered into four groups with SSRs at similarity coefficient of 0.55 while AFLPs clustered them into six groups at similarity coefficient of 0.41. Cluster analysis revealed a narrow genetic diversity and low correlation between geographical differentiation and genetic distance within cultivars.

关键词： Hashemi aromatic rice genetic diversity SSR AFLP

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Performance of Densified Wood Glulam as Building Bio-Material

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Journal of Renewable Materials 2022年第2期10卷 511-526页

作者： Reza Hajihassani Saman Ghahri Seyedeh Masoomeh Zamani Amir Nourbakhsh Wood and Forest Products Research division Research Institute of Forests and RangelandsAgricultural ResearchEducation and Extension Organization(AREEO)Tehran19395-1113Iran Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands Agricultural ResearchEducation and Extension Organization(AREEO)Tehran19395-1113Iran

In this research,some practical aspects of densified wood glulam were *** this aim,poplar wood specimens were densified by hygro-thermo-mechanical *** specimens were produced by finger joint technique and polyurethane glue was used as *** and mechanical properties of glulams were investigated according to ASTM D 143-09,ASTM D 905-03 and ISO 8375 *** on obtained results,using this process(steam and pressurize compaction)resulted in improvement of physical and mechanical prop-erties of glulam *** microscopic and scanning electron microscopic(SEM)pictures were proved structural changes on wood material during of applied ***,the increase of wood density and hygrothermal treatment has a positive role on the glulam properties especially its dimensional *** tech-nique showed a significant effect on water absorption;the steaming temperature and holding time significantly decreased water absorption but densification process increased this ***,delamination of specimens was decreased by hygrothermal treatment while densification showed negative effect on ***,modulus of rupture,modulus of elasticity,shear strength and compression strength parallel to grain were decreased by this technique but it is depend to treatment temperature and holding *** temperature and holding time cause to higher decrease in the glulam mechanical strength.

关键词： Wood modification glued laminated timber physical and mechanical properties

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An empirical analysis of effective factors on farmers adaptation behavior in water scarcity conditions in rural communities

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2017年第4期5卷 265-272页

作者： Abdolmotalleb Rezaei Morteza Salmani Fatemeh Razaghi Mojtaba Keshavarz Department of agricultural extension and education College of Agricultural Economics and DevelopmentUniversity of TehranKarajIran

This paper investigates the effect of factors on Farmers Adaptation Behavior in Water Scarcity Conditions in Rural Communities of Sabzevar,Iran.A survey questionnaire was used for collecting data,the study population was 120 farmers in rural Sabzevar County selected based on the Cochran formula.A questionnaire was designed for the target group for the measurement of on farm adaptation behavior in water scarcity *** models were drawn using structural equation modeling and the relationships between latent variables and *** findings indicate that there is a significant relationship between awareness and adaptation ***,there is a significant relationship among network and media on farmer's perception about water scarcity and their activities toward better management of water in the critical *** are also significant relationships among perception and awareness with intention however,intention do not effect on adaptation behavior *** other words,even the that means farmers had information about crisis,they are not able to have not operational plans to confront the water scarcity conditions.

关键词： Farmers adaptation behavior Water scarcity Rural communities Iran

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Impacts of the precision agricultural technologies in Iran: An analysis experts’ perception & their determinants

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Information Processing in Agriculture 2018年第1期5卷 173-184页

作者： Somayeh Tohidyan Far Kurosh Rezaei-Moghaddam Dept.of agricultural extension and education School of AgricultureShiraz UniversityIran

Nowadays agricultural methods developments that are productively,economically,environmentally and socially sustainable are required *** concept of precision agriculture is becoming an attractive idea for managing natural resources and realizing modern sustainable agricultural *** purpose of this study was to investigate factors influencing impacts of precision agriculture from the viewpoints of Boushehr Province *** research method was a cross sectional survey and multi-stage random sampling was used to collect data from 115 experts in Boushehr *** to the results,experts found underground and surface waters conservation,rural areas development,increase of productivity and increasing income as the most important impacts of precision agricultural ***’attitudes indicate their positive view toward these kinds of *** behavioral attitude has the most effect on impacts.

关键词： Sustainable agriculture Precision agriculture Impact assessment Boushehr Iran

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Climate change and agriculture:Impacts and adaptive responses in Iran

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2018年第1期17卷 1-15页

作者： Vahid Karimi Ezatollah Karami Marzieh Keshavarz Department of agricultural extension and education College of AgricultureShiraz University Department of Agriculture Payame Noor University

The impacts of climate change on agriculture are still shadowed with uncertainty. However, climate change is expected to adversely affect Iran＇s agricultural practices through changes in precipitation, temperature and carbon dioxide fertilization. Therefore, adaptation of this sector to the increasing weather events is imperative. This study is aimed to document the likely impacts of climate change on Iran＇s agriculture and the current adaptation efforts made by government and farmers. The review of literature shows that changes in rainfall and water endowments will have significant impacts on crop yield, crops＇ water requirements and income and welfare of farm families. The extent of the changes in yield depends on the crop type, assumptions related to the CO2 fertilization effect, climate scenarios and adaptation abilities. On adaptation, the government＇s efforts have been distinguished in the improving agricultural productivity and irrigation development based on current technology, developing new technologies and policy reforms. Farmers＇ adaptive responses have also been identified. Some conclusions and recommendations are offered to increase the adaptive capacity of farmers and reduce negative impacts of climate change.

关键词： climate change agriculture impacts adaptation Iran

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Salinity assessment of groundwater for irrigation to prevent soil salinization

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排灌机械工程学报 2020年第8期38卷 819-828页

作者： LEILA Esmaeelnejad HAMED Rezaei Soil and Water Research Institute Agricultural ResearchEducation and Extension Organization(AREEO)Karaj ***Iran Scientific Board Soil and Water Research InstituteAgricultural ResearchEducation and Extension Organization(AREEO)Karaj ***Iran

Electrical conductivity(EC)is considered as the most important indicator for assessment of groundwater *** of suitable interpolation method for derivation of groundwater quality variables map such as EC is dependent on region conditions and existence of enough *** determining groundwater EC,341 groundwater samples were randomly collected from the central regions of Guilan province,paddy soils,in northern *** methods including inverse distance weighting(IDW),global polynomial interpolation(GPI),local polynomial interpolation(LPI),radial basis function(RBF),ordinary kriging(OK)and empirical Bayesian Kriging(EBK)were used to generate spatial distribution of groundwater *** results indicate that EBK is a superior method with the least RMSE,MAE and the highest R *** generated maps can be used to identify the regions in the studied area where groundwater could be allowed to be extracted and utilized by farmers to reduce adverse effect of the scarcity of surface water.

关键词： empirical Bayesian Kriging geostatistics GIS groundwater electrical conductivity spatial variability

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Effects of dieback on the vegetative, chemical, and physiological status of mangrove forests, Iran

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Journal of Arid Land 2023年第11期15卷 1391-1404页

作者： Vahid Farashi KAHNOUJ Marzieh REZAI Rasool MAHDAVI Maryam MOSLEHI Saiedeh ESKANDARI Natural Resources Engineering Group Desert Management and ControlUniversity of HormozganHormozganBandarabass ***Iran Natural Resources Engineering Group Faculty of Agriculture and Natural ResourcesUniversity of HormozganHormozganBandarabass ***Iran Research division of Natural Resources Hormozgan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education CenterAgricultural ResearchEducation and Extension Organization(AREEO)Bandarabbas ***Iran Forest Research division Research Institute of Forests and RangelandsAgricultural ResearchEducation and Extension Organization(AREEO)Tehran ***Iran

Mangrove forests are valuable resources in tropical and subtropical regions,which have been faced dieback due to various human activities including rapid expansion of shrimp farming,urban development,and pollution,as well as natural factors such as rising sea level,increasing air temperature,drought,and sharp decrease in ***,the mechanisms of dieback of mangrove forests are not well ***,this research aimed to assess the vegetative,chemical,and physiological status of grey mangrove(Avicennia marina(Forsk.)Vierh.)forests at different intensities of dieback in the Hormozgan Province,Iran.A total of 40 plots categorized into four dieback intensities(severe,medium,low,and control)were randomly selected for monitoring,and various parameters related to vegetative,chemical,and physiological status of grey mangrove forests were *** results revealed that the control group had the highest tree density,seedling density,vitality levels,aerial root density,and aerial root ***,as dieback severity increased,a decrease in demographic and vegetative parameters of trees and seedlings was observed in the dieback *** amounts of heavy metals(lead,cadmium,and nickel)in the sediment,roots,and leaves of grey mangrove trees at different dieback levels indicated that lead levels were the highest in the sediment,roots,and leaves in the severe dieback *** the same time,the control had the lowest *** concentrations in the sediment followed the pattern of severe dieback>moderate dieback>low dieback>control with no significant differences in the roots and *** amounts in all three parts,i.e.,sediment,roots,and leaves showed the highest levels in the severe dieback ***,metal level analysis in the organs of grey mangrove trees at different dieback levels revealed that lead and nickel were more abundant in the root organ compared with the *** contrast,the leaf organ exhibited the highes

关键词： nickel forests grey

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