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Test and performance optimization of nozzle inclination angle and swirl combustor in a low-tar biomass gasifier:a biomass power generation system perspective

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Carbon Resources Conversion 2022年第2期5卷 139-149页

作者： Md Mashiur Rahman agricultural Engineering division Regional Agricultural Research StationBangladesh Agricultural Research InstituteJamalpur2000Bangladesh DTU Chemical Engineering Technical University of Denmark(DTU)Frederiksborgvej 399DK 4000 RoskildeDenmark

A nozzle inclination angle and swirl combustor inside the low-tar biomass(LTB)gasifier reactor were tested and optimized to evaluate these effects on tar reduction to design tar-free producer *** tar reduction process is mainly based on the concept of a swirling flow created by the nozzle inclination angle,with the inclination angle of 55◦to the radial line,allowing good mixing between pyrolysis gases and gasifying agents.A separate swirl combustor has created large internal annular and reverses flow zones with the help of swirl flow,resulting in homogenized temperature inside the combustor and providing longer residence time;both have a positive effect on the combustion of mixed gasifying air-pyrolysis gases by the thermal cracking in the partial oxidation *** ratio(RR)and combustion degree of volatiles are the two optimization parameters for evaluating the performance of NIA and swirl *** result observed that outstanding tar reduction occurred in this novel *** 86.5 and 12.8%of tar compounds are broken down in the partial oxidation zone and pyrolysis zone using the novel swirl combustor and NIA,respectively;gas outlet has observed producer gas having tar concentration of less than 1%.The optimization results reveal that a lower recycling ratio(recycle gas/gasifying air)and a higher combustion degree of volatiles perform better in biomass ***,this system generated producer gas with the tar concentration at an extremely low level of 7.4 mg/Nm^(3)for a biomass moisture content of 9%and appeared the lower heating value of 4.6–5.1 MJ/Nm^(3).This lower tar concentration might be directly coupled with an internal combustion engine or a gas turbine for power generation.

关键词： Biomass gasification Downdraft moving bed gasifier Nozzle inclination angle Swirl combustor Swirl flow Tar Reduction

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Phosphorus Starvation Tolerance in Rice Through Combined Physiological,Biochemical,and Proteome Analyses

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Rice science 2023年第6期30卷 613-631页

作者： Prathap V Suresh KUMAR Nand Lal MEENA Chirag MAHESHWARI Monika DALAL Aruna TYAGI division of Biochemistry Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Agricultural Research InstituteNew Delhi 110012India division of Germplasm Evaluation National Bureau of Plant Genetic ResourcesNew Delhi 110012India National Institute for Plant Biotechnology New Delhi 110012India

Phosphorus(P) deficiency limits the growth,development,and productivity of *** better understand the underlying mechanisms in P-deficiency tolerance and the role of Pup1 QTL in enhancing P use efficiency(PUE) for the development of P-efficient rice cultivars,a pair of contrasting rice genotypes(Pusa-44 and NIL-23) was applied to investigate the morpho-physio-biochemical and proteomic variation under P-starvation *** rice genotypes were grown hydroponically in a PusaRich medium with adequate P(16 mg/kg,+P) or without P(0 mg/kg,-P) for 30 d.P-starvation manifested a significant reductions in root and shoot biomass,shoot length,leaf area,total chlorophyll,and P,nitrogen and starch contents,as well as protein kinase *** stress increased root-to-shoot biomass ratio,root length,sucrose content,and acid phosphatase activity,particularly in the P-tolerant genotype(NIL-23).Comparative proteome analysis revealed several P metabolism-associated proteins(including OsCDPKs,OsMAPKs,OsCPKs,OsLecRK2,and OsSAPks) to be expressed in the shoot of NIL-23,indicating that multiple protein kinases were involved in P-starvation/deficiency ***,the up-regulated expression of OsrbcL,OsABCG32,OsSUS5,OsPoll-like B,and ClpC2 proteins in the shoot,and OsACA9,OsACA8,OsSPS2F,OsPP2C15,and OsBiP3 in the root of NIL-23,indicated their role in P-starvation stress control through the Pup1 QTL. Thus,our findings indicated that-P stress-responsive proteins,in conjunction with morpho-physio-biochemical modulations,improved PUE and made NIL-23 a P-deficiency tolerant genotype due to the introgression of the Pup1 QTL in the Pusa-44 background.

关键词： phosphorus deficiency Pup1 QTL protein kinase acid phosphatase proteome analysis rice

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Genotypic variation for seed protein and mineral content among post-rainy season-grown sorghum genotypes

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The Crop Journal 2016年第1期4卷 61-67页

作者： Ashok Badigannavar G.Girish V.Ramachandran T.R.Ganapathi Nuclear Agriculture and Biotechnology division Bhabha Atomic Research Centre agricultural Research Station University of Agriculture SciencesGulbarga

Sorghum is an important staple food crop of Asian and African *** a poor man s crop",it provides dietary starch,protein,and some vitamins and *** are important for various physiological functions in the human *** a major staple crop of central and southern Indian provinces,sorghum landraces are a source of supplementary *** of micronutrients and protein and yield parameters were studied using 112 local landraces and *** analysis revealed wide variation for iron(1.10-9.54 mg 100 g^(-1)),zinc(1.12-7.58 mg 100 g^(-1)),protein(3.50-12.60%),and grain yield(2.50-76.50 g) among the *** estimates of genetic/phenotypic coefficient of variation,and genetic advances over the mean were identified for landraces and *** heritabilities were also identified for yield and mineral *** estimates among the genotypes indicated that grain yield was positively correlated with copper and protein with copper and *** analysis based on Euclidean distance resolved all of the genotypes into three major *** wide range of values with high heritability estimates may favor the use of these landraces in recombination breeding to improve nutritional quality in sorghum.

关键词： Mineral content Post-rainy sorghum Genetic correlation Cluster analysis

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Manganese enhances the expression of the manganese superoxide dismutase in cultured primary chick embryonic myocardial cells

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2017年第9期16卷 2038-2046页

作者： QIN Shi-zhen LIAO Xiu-dong LU Lin ZHANG Li-yang XI Lin GUO Yan-li LUO Xu-gang Mineral Nutrition Research division Institute of Animal SciencesChinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences College of Animal Science and Technology Gansu Agricultural University Department of Animal Science North Carolina State University

In the present study, the effect of manganese（Mn） on antioxidant status and the expression of the manganese superoxide dismutase（MnSOD） gene in cultured primary myocardial cells collected from the chick embryos was investigated. The hypothesis that Mn supplementation would enhance the expression of MnSOD in cultured primary myocardial cells of chick embryos was tested. Eggs collected from Mn-depleted Arbor Acres laying breeder hens were incubated for 10 days and then myocardial cells were isolated and cultivated for 8 days. The embryonic myocardial cells on day 6 were treated with Mn in the cell culture medium at different time points when the proportion of cells showing spontaneous contraction was over 95% after the 3-day primary culture. A completely randomized design involving a 3 Mn levels（0, 0.5 and 1.0 mmol L^（-1））×3 incubation time points（12, 24 and 48 h） factorial arrangement of treatments（n=6） was used in the current experiment. The results showed that MnSOD activity and m RNA expression level were induced by Mn and increased with incubation time, which supported the hypothesis that Mn would enhance the expression of the MnSOD gene, and thus might protect myocardial cells from oxidative stress during the chick embryonic development.

关键词： manganese MnSOD expressions cultured primary myocardial cells chick embryos

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Effect of in ovo zinc injection on the embryonic development, tissue zinc contents, antioxidation, and related gene expressions of broiler breeder eggs

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2018年第3期17卷 648-656页

作者： SUN Xiao-ming LIAO Xiu-dong LU Lin ZHANG Li-yang MA Qiu-gang XI Lin LUO Xu-gang Mineral Nutrition Research division Institute of Animal Science Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences College of Animal Science and Technology China Agricultural University Department of Animal Science North Carolina State University

Two experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of in ovo zinc （Zn） injection on the embryonic development, tissue Zn contents, antioxidation and related gene expressions of fertilized eggs of Arbor Acres broiler breeders. Experiment 1 was conducted to determine an optimal embryonic age for early in ovo injection. A total of 720 fertilized eggs with similar weights were randomly allotted to 4 treatments with 6 replicates per treatment and 30 eggs per replicate in a completely randomized design. The eggs were injected with 0.1 mL sterilized water at 3, 6 and 9 embryonic days of incubation （E3, E6 and E9） or non-injection （the control）, respectively. The results from experiment 1 showed that E3 and E6 injections increased （P〈0.05） the embryonic mortalities, and decreased （P〈0.05） hatchabilities compared to the non-injected control, but no differences （P〉0.05） between E9 injection and the non-injected control were observed in either embryonic mortality or hatchability. The findings suggest that the E9 is the optimal embryonic age for early in ovo injection. In experiment 2, a total of 672 fertilized eggs with similar weights were randomly allocated to 7 treatments with 6 replicates per treatment and 16 eggs per replicate in a completely randomized design. The eggs were injected with 0 （the negative control）, 50, 100, 150, 200, or 250 μg Zn/egg as reagent grade ZnSO4.7H20 in a 0.1-mL solution, or non-injection （the positive control）, respectively at E9-10. The results from the experiment 2 demonstrated that no differences （P〉0.05） among 50 and 100 μg Zn/egg groups and the negative control were observed in the embryonic mortality and hatchability, however, the injection of 200 μg Zn/egg increased （P〈0.05） the embryonic mortality, and injections of 150 and 200 μg Zn/egg decreased （P〈0.05） hatchabilities compared with the controls. The embryonic tibia Zn contents at E20 were increased （P〈0.05） by injections of 150, 200 and 250μg Zn/egg. Zinc injection did not affe

关键词： in ovo injection zinc embryonic development gene expression broiler breeder egg

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Influence of Different Nitrogen Sources on the Growth and Yield of Three Varieties of Okra (<i>Abelmoschus esculentus</i>) in Kabba, Kogi State, Nigeria

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agricultural Sciences 2015年第10期6卷 1141-1147页

作者： Sinmidele K. Ogundare Frank D. Owa Omolola O. Etukudo Naomi K. Ibitoye-Ayeni College of Agriculture Division of Agricultural Colleges Ahmadu Bello University Zaria Nigeria Department of Integrated Science Federal College of Education Okene Nigeria

Experiments were carried out at the Research Site of Horticultural Section, Kabba College of Agriculture to investigate the influence of different nitrogen sources on the growth and yield of three varieties of okra. The experiment was laid out in split block design with varieties as main plots (Lady Finger “LF”, LD88 and Okele (local cultivar)) and different nitrogen sources as sub plots (Urea (108.7 kgN/ha), poultry manure (PM) (3.01 t/ha = 108.7 kgN/ha) and cow dung (CWD) (3.83 t/ha = 108.7 kgN/ha). The treatment combinations were as follows LD88 + Urea, LD88 + PM, LD88 + CWD, LF + Urea, LF + PM and LF + CWD, Okele + Urea (108.7 kg/ha), Okele + PM and Okele + CWD. Growth parameters determined were plant height (cm), leafarea (cm2), number of leaves produced, stem girth (cm), internode length (cm) and days to 50% flowering and podding. Flower characters taken were number of flowers produced per plant, number of flowers aborted per plant, and number of pods produced per plant. Yield characters determined were individual pod weight (g), pod length (cm), pod diameter (cm) and pod yield (t/ha). The data collected were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) and means compared using the least significant difference (LSD) at a probability level of 5%. Urea application and poultry manure had significantly different effects compared with cow dung treated plots for the parameters of growth and yield. Highest mean value was observed with urea application. This was followed by poultry manure application. The cultivar Lady’s finger performed better according to the data for number of pods and fresh pod weight. This was followed by the LD88 cultivars. Okra grew taller and had bigger stem girth, greater number of leaves, larger leaf area and higher number of pods and fresh pod weight with urea application. Cultivar Lady’s finger performed better than the other cultivars in most measured parameters. It is therefore recommended that lady finger should be grown by farmers in the

关键词： Cultivar Nitrogen Poultry Manure Cow Dung Pod Growth Yield

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Efficient Microorganism Compost Benefits Plant Growth and Improves Soil Health in Calendula and Marigold

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Horticultural Plant Journal 2017年第2期3卷 67-72页

作者： Anamika Sharma Tarak Nath Saha Anju Arora Raghubir Shah Lata Nain division of Microbiology Indian Agricultural Research Institute Directorate of Floriculture Research Shivaji Nagar

Organic farming needs to be promoted as a means of sustaining soil health and reducing the cost of farming, especially for small *** present study deals with the effect of organic compost, prepared using Efficient Microorganism(EM) consortium and applied along with full or half of the recommended dose of chemical fertilizers, on the growth of Calendula and Marigold plants, soil physico-chemical parameters and soil enzyme activities. Soil enzyme activities were improved with the increase in the rate of EM compost application in both Calendula and Marigold. Carotenoid pigment increased by 46.11% and 12.19% with application of EM compost over the control in Calendula and Marigold flowers respectively. Soil humus, available nitrogen and organic carbon content also increased due to the supplementation of EM compost resulting in better soil fertility. For Calendula, treatment T5(Half dose NPK + EM compost 20 000 kg·hm^(-2)) was found to be the most promising in terms of acid phosphatase(82.63 μg p-Nitrophenyl Phosphate·g^(-1)·h^(-1)), dehydrogenase(10.46 μg Triphenyl Formazan·g^(-1)·d^(-1)) and β-glucosidase(0.30 IU·g^(-1)) activities. In Marigold, treatment C(Half dose NPK + EM compost 5 000 kg·hm^(-2)) was the most promising in terms of amendment in soil enzyme activities.

关键词： calendula marigold EM compost soil fertility plant growth soil enzyme activity soil physico-chemical parameter

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Nature of Soil Acidity in Relation to Properties and Lime Requirement of Some Inceptisols

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Pedosphere 2003年第2期13卷 181-188页

作者： A.K.DOLUI S.BHATTACHARJEE division of agricultural Chemistry and Soil Science University College of Agriculture Calcutta UniversityDivision of Agricultural Chemistry and Soil Science University College of Agriculture Calcutta University 35 Ballygunge Circular Road Kolkata 700 019 (India) 35 Ballygunge Circular Road Kolkata 700 019 (India)

Some Inceptisols representing the Singla catchment area in Karimgaungedistrict of Assam, India, were studied for lime requirement as influenced by the nature of soilacidity. The electrostatically bonded (EB)-H^+ and EB-Al^(3+) acidities constituted 33 and 67percent of exchangeable acidity while EB-H^+, EB-Al^(3+), exchangeable and pH-dependent aciditiescomprised 6, 14, 20 and 80 percent of total potential acidity. The pH-dependent acidity made a majorcontribution towards the total potential acidity (67%～84%). Grand mean of lime requirementdetermined by the laboratory incubation method and estimated by the methods of New Woodruff,Woodruff and Peech as expressed in MgCaCO_3 ha^(-1) was in the order: Woodruff (15.6) > New Woodruff(14.9) > Peech (5.1) > incubation (5.0). Correlations analysis among different forms of acidity andlime requirement methods with selected soil properties showed that pH in three media, namely water,1 mol L^(-1) KC1 and 0.01 mol L^(-1) CaCl_2, had a significant negative correlation with differentforms of acidity and lime requirement methods. Exchangeable Fe and Al showed significant positivecorrelations with EB-Al^(3+) acidity, exchangeable acidity, pH-dependent acidity and total potentialacidity, and also lime requirement methods. Extractable Al showed positive correlations withdifferent forms of acidity except EB-H^+ and EB-Al^(3+) acidities. The lime requirement by differentmethods depended upon the extractable aluminium. Significant positive correlations existed betweenlime requirements and different forms of acidity of the soils except EB-H^+ acidity and incubationmethod. The nature of soil acidity was mostly pH-dependent. Statistically, the Woodruff method didslightly better than the New Woodruff, incubation and Peech methods at estimating lime requirementand hence the Woodruff procedure may be recommended for routine soil testing because of its speedand simplicity.

关键词： inceptisols lime requirement nature of acidity soil properties

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Molecular Cloning, and Characterization of an Adenylyl Cyclase-Associated Protein from Gossypium arboreum L.

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agricultural Sciences in China 2009年第7期8卷 777-783页

作者： WANG Sheng ZHAO Guo-hong JIA Yin-hua DU Xiong-ming Cotton Germplasm division Cotton Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Anyang 455000 P.R.China

The aim of this study was to clone CAP （adenylyl cyclase-associated protein） gene from Gossypium arboreum L. and develop a platform for expressing and purifying CAP protein, which is a base for the construction and function researches of CAP. In this work, a CAP homolog from cotton （DPL971） ovule was identified and cloned. And the cDNA sequence consisted of an open reading frame of 1 416 nucleotides encoding a protein of 471 amino acid residues with a calculated molecular weight of 50.6 kDa. To gain insight on the CAP role in cotton fiber development, the cloned CAP cDNA was expressed. A significant higher yield pure protein was obtained with the chromatographic method. Further experiments showed that the purified protein can bind with the actin in vitro indicating that the recombinant cotton CAP is functional. The procedure described here produced high yield pure protein through one chromatographic step, suitable for further structure-function studies.

关键词： adenylyl cyclase-associated protein CAP cotton fiber protein expression protein purification Gossypiumarboreum L.

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Effect of Root-Induced Chemical Changes on Dynamics and Plant Uptake of Heavy Metals in Rhizosphere Soils

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Pedosphere 2010年第4期20卷 494-504页

作者： K.R.KIM G.OWENS R.NAIDU Climate Change & Agroecology division Department of Agricultural EnvironmentNational Academy of Agricultural Science Centre for Environmental Risk Assessment and Remediation University of South Australia Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment

It is increasingly recognized that metal bioavailability is a better indicator of the potential for phytoremediation than the total metal concentration in soils; therefore, an understanding of the influence of phytoremediation plants on metal dynamics at the soil-root interface is increasingly vital for the successful implementation of this remediation technique. In this study, we investigated the heavy metal and soil solution chemical changes at field moisture, after growth of either Indian mustard （Brassica juncea） or sunflower （Helianthus annuus L.）, in long-term contaminated soils and the subsequent metal uptake by the selected plants. In addition, the fractions of free metal ions in soil solution were determined using the Donnan membrane technique. After plant growth soil solution pH increased by 0.2-1.4 units and dissolved organic carbon （DOC） increased by 1-99 mg L^-1 in all soils examined. Soluble Cd and Zn decreased after Indian mustard growth in all soils examined, and this was attributed to increases in soil solution pH （by 0.9 units） after plant growth. Concentrations of soluble Cu and Pb decreased in acidic soils but increased in alkaline soils. This discrepancy was likely due to a competitive effect between plant-induced pH and DOC changes on the magnitude of metal solubility. The fractions of free Cd and Zn ranged from 7.2% to 32% and 6.4% to 73%, respectively, and they generally decreased as pH and DOC increased after plant growth. Metal uptake by plants was dependant on the soil solution metal concentration, which was governed by changes in pH and DOC induced by plant exudates, rather than on the total metal concentrations. Although plant uptake also varied with metal and soil types, overall soluble metal concentrations in the rhizosphere were mainly influenced by root-induced changes in pH and DOC which subsequently affected the metal uptake by plants.

关键词： bioavailability phytoremediation speciation

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