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QTL and QTL × Environment Effects on Agronomic and Nitrogen Acquisition Traits in Rice

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2008年第9期50卷 1108-1117页

作者： Senapathy Senthilvel Kunnummal Kurungara Vinod Palaniappan Malarvizhi Marappa Maheswaran Centre for Plant Breeding and Genetics Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Department of soil science and agricultural chemistry Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Centre for Plant Molecular Biology Tamil Nadu Agricultural University

agricultural environments deteriorate due to excess nitrogen application. Breeding for low nitrogen responsive genotypes can reduce soil nitrogen input. Rice genotypes respond variably to soil available nitrogen. The present study attempted quantification of genotype x nitrogen level interaction and mapping of quantitative trait loci （QTLs） associated with nitrogen use efficiency （NUE） and other associated agronomic traits. Twelve parameters were observed across a set of 82 double haploid （DH） lines derived from IR64/Azucena. Three nitrogen regimes namely, native （0 kg/ha; no nitrogen applied）, optimum （100 kg/ha） and high （200 kg/ha） replicated thrice were the environments. The parents and DH lines were significantly varying for all traits under different nitrogen regimes. All traits except plant height recorded significant genotype × environment interaction. Individual plant yield was positively correlated with nitrogen use efficiency and nitrogen uptake. Sixteen QTLs were detected by composite interval mapping. Eleven QTLs showed significant QTL × environment interactions. On chromosome 3, seven QTLs were detected associated with nitrogen use, plant yield and associated traits. A QTL region between markers RZ678, RZ574 and RZ284 was associated with nitrogen use and yield. This chromosomal region was enriched with expressed gene sequences of known key nitrogen assimilation genes.

关键词： doubled haploid population nitrogen acquisition quantitative trait loci quantitative trait loci x environment interaction rice.

Biodegradability of soil water soluble organic carbon extracted from seven different soils

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Journal of Environmental sciences 2009年第5期21卷 641-646页

作者： SCAGLIA Barbara ADANI Fabrizio Department of Crop science Section of Soil Chemistry University of Milano

Water soluble organic carbon （WSOC） is considered the most mobile and reactive soil carbon source and its characterization is an important issue for soil ecology study. A biodegradability test was set up to study WSOC extracted from 7 soils differently managed. WSOC was extracted from soil with water （soil/water ratio of 1：2, W/V） for 30 min, and then tested for biodegradability by a liquid state respirometric test. Result obtained confirmed the finding that WSOC biodegradability depended on the both land use and management practice. These results suggested the biodegradability test as suitable method to characterize WSOC, and provided useful information to soil fertility.

关键词： biodegradability test cumulated oxygen uptake water extractable organic carbon water soluble organic carbon

Effect of crude oil pollution on organic carbon and humus content in grey-brown soils in Mangyshlak, Pre-Caspian Sea Region

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Journal of Arid Land 2010年第2期2卷 133-136页

作者： Saimbulek DOSBERGENOV U.U.Uspanov’s Kazakh Scientific-Research Institute of soil science and agricultural chemistry

The organic carbon and humus content in oil polluted brown and grey-brown soils in Mangyshlak,Pre-Caspian Sea Region,was analyzed from 2000 to *** results indicated that bitumen substances from crude oil pollution deteriorated the soil property,however,the organic carbon content increased *** products of oil pollution changed the composition of car-bonaceous substances which formed soil humus,and changed the ratios of the humus *** insoluble carbon increased with the rise of oil organic *** mobility of humus components was significantly increased because of the high oxidation-reduction process in the topsoil,and the humus content and microorganism activity *** organic carbon content increased significantly,while it decreased with the distance away from the oil *** rearrangement of physical,physical-chemical and chemical properties of the polluted soils was significant.

关键词： oil-chemical pollution humus transformation degradation Pre-Caspian Sea Region

Evaluation of soil washing process with carboxymethyl-β-cyclodextrin and carboxymethyl chitosan for recovery of PAHs/heavy metals/fluorine from metallurgic plant site

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Journal of Environmental sciences 2014年第8期26卷 1661-1672页

作者： Mao Ye Mingming Sun Fredrick Orori Kengara Jingting Wang Ni Ni Li Wang Yang Song Xinglun Yang Huixin Li Feng Hu Xin Jiang State Key Laboratory of soil and Sustainable Agriculture Institute of Soil ScienceChinese Academy of Sciences soil Ecology Lab College of Resources and Environmental SciencesNanjing Agricultural University Department of chemistry Maseno UniversityPrivate BagMaseno 40105Kenya

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons（PAHs）/heavy metals/fluorine（F） mixed-contaminated sites caused by abandoned metallurgic plants are receiving wide attention. To address the associated environmental problems,this study was initiated to investigate the feasibility of using carboxymethyl-β-cyclodextrin（CMCD） and carboxymethyl chitosan（CMC） solution to enhance ex situ soil washing for extracting mixed contaminants. Further,Tenax extraction method was combined with a first-three-compartment model to evaluate the environmental risk of residual PAHs in washed soil. In addition,the redistribution of heavy metals/F after decontamination was also estimated using a sequential extraction procedure. Three successive washing cycles using50 g/L CMCD and 5 g/L CMC solution were effective to remove 94.3% of total PAHs,93.2% of Pb,85.8% of Cd,93.4% of Cr,83.2% of Ni and 97.3% of F simultaneously. After the 3rd washing,the residual PAHs mainly existed as very slowly desorbing fractions,which were in the form of well-aged,well-sequestered compounds; while the remaining Pb,Cd,Cr,Ni and F mainly existed as Fe–Mn oxide and residual fractions,which were always present in stable mineral forms or bound to non-labile soil fractions. Therefore,this combined cleanup strategy proved to be effective and environmentally friendly.

关键词： Mixed-contaminated sites soil washing Carboxymethyl-β-cyclodextrin Carboxymethyl chitosan Tenax extraction

Biochar for Sustainable soil Health:A Review of Prospects and Concerns

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Pedosphere 2015年第5期25卷 639-653页

作者： Aabid H.LONE Ghulam R.NAJAR Mumtaz A.GANIE Javid A.SOFI Tahir ALI division of soil science Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir Shalimar Department of soil science Faculty of AgricultureSher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir Research Centre for Quality and Residue Analysis Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir

Biochar as a soil amendment is confronted with the challenge that it must benefit soil health as it can be by no means separated from soils once it is added. The available literature even though sparse and mostly based on short-term studies has been encouraging and the trend obtained so far has raised many hopes. Biochar has been reported to positively impact an array of soil processes ranging from benefiting soil biology, controlling soil-borne pathogens, enhancing nitrogen fixation, improving soil physical and chemical properties,decreasing nitrate(NO-3) leaching and nitrous oxide(N2O) emission to remediation of contaminated soils. However, very little biochar is still utilized as soil amendment mainly because these benefits are yet to be quantified, and also the mechanisms by which the soil health is improved are poorly understood. Due to the infancy of research regarding this subject, there are still more questions than answers. The future research efforts must focus on carrying out long-term experiments and uncover the mechanisms underlying these processes so that key concerns surrounding the use of biochar are addressed before its large scale application is recommended.

关键词： nitrate leaching nitrogen fixation nitrous oxide emission soil amendment soil biology soil-borne pathogens soil enzymes soil remediation

Low Root Zone Temperature Limits Nutrient Effects on Cucumber Seedling Growth and Induces Adversity Physiological Response

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2013年第8期12卷 1450-1460页

作者： YAN Qiu-yan DUAN Zeng-qiang MAO Jing-dong LI Xun DONG Fei State Key Laboratory of soil and Sustainable Agriculture Institute of Soil ScienceChinese Academy of Sciences Department of chemistry and Biochemistry Old Dominion University agricultural Bureau of Xiangfen County Shanxi Province

Effects of root-zone temperatures （RZT）（12℃-RZT and 20℃-RZT） and different N, P, and K nutrient regimes on the growth, reactive oxygen species （ROS）, and antioxidant enzyme in cucumber seedlings were investigated in hydroponics. Strong interactions were observed between RZT and nutrient on the dry weight （P=0.001）, root length （P=0.001） and leaf area （P=0.05）. Plant dry weights were suppressed at low RZT of 12℃, while higher biomass and growth of cucumber seedlings were produced at elevated RZT of 20℃ under each nutrient treatment. Growth indexes （plant height, internode length, root length, and leaf area） at 12℃-RZT had less difference among nutrient treatments, but greater response was obtained for different nutrients at high RZT. RZT had larger effects （P=0.001） on cucumber seedling growth than nutrients. In addition, N was more effective nutrients to plant growth than P and K under low root temperature to plant growth. Higher hydrogen peroxide （H202）, malondialdehyde （MDA）, soluble sugar （SS） contents in leaves were observed at 12℃-RZT in all nutrient treatments than those at 20℃-RZT, indicating the chilling adversity damaged to plant growth. In general, antioxidant enzyme had larger response under low root-zone temperature. Superoxide dismutase （SOD） activities were higher in both leaves and roots while peroxidase （POD） and catalase （CAT） showed large different action in leaves and roots at both the two root-zone temperature.

关键词： Cucumis sativus L. growth indexes antioxidant enzyme reactive oxygen

Effect of Co(Ⅱ) dopant on the removal of Methylene Blue by a dense copper terephthalate

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Journal of Environmental sciences 2019年第7期31卷 68-79页

作者： Chompoonoot Nanthamathee division of chemistry Department of Science Walailak University

In this research, for the first time, a series of Co(Ⅱ) doped copper terephthalate(Co X-Cu BDC,where X is doping percentage) were successfully synthesized via solvothermal method and were tested for dye removal application. The physical properties of Co X-CuBDC were studied by several techniques including X-ray diffraction(XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy(FESEM), energy-dispersive spectroscopy(EDS), thermogravimetric analysis(TGA)and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller(BET) surface area analysis. The incorporation of Co(Ⅱ) dopant leads to isomorphic substitution of Cu(II) in the CuBDC framework with the maximum doping percentage of 22. Doping and parent MOFs which are non-porous were used for removal of Methylene Blue(MB) from aqueous solution. Adsorption capacity of Co22-CuBDC and CuBDC are 52 and 58 mg/g, respectively, both of which are higher than the adsorption capacity recorded from several high porosity MOFs. Adsorption kinetic studies indicate that adsorption process follows pseudo-second order model while the adsorption mechanism is dominated by electrostatic attraction. Overall, even though these materials show non-porous characteristic,it can be used effectively in wastewater treatment application.

关键词： Mixed-metal MOFs Methylene Blue adsorption Wastewater treatment Pseudo-second order model Adsorption kinetics

Production of Biochar for soil Application:A Comparative Study of Three Kiln Models

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Pedosphere 2015年第5期25卷 696-702页

作者： Shamim MIA Nijam UDDIN Shaikh Abdullah Al MAMUN HOSSAIN Ruhul AMIN Fatima Z.METE Tjisse HIEMSTRA Department of Agronomy Patuakhali Science and Technology University Department of agricultural chemistry Patuakhali Science and Technology University Department of agricultural Engineering Patuakhali Science and Technology University Globe Soft Drinks Ltd. Department of soil Quality Wageningen University

Biochar has potentials for soil fertility improvement, climate change mitigation and environmental reclamation, and charred biomass can be deliberately incorporated into soil for long-term carbon stabilization and soil amendment. Many different methods have been used for biochar production ranging from laboratory to industrial scales. However, in countryside of developing countries, biomass is generally used for cooking but not charred. Biochar production techniques at farmer scale have remained poorly developed. We developed and tested biochar production kilns for farmers with a dimension of 50.8 cm × 38.1 cm （height × diameter）, using three different setups for optimizing oxygen （02） limitation and syngas circulation： airtight with no syngas circulation （Model I）, semi-airtight with external syngas circulation （Model II） and semi-airtight with internal syngas circulation （Model III）. A comparative assessment of these biochar production kiln models was made considering biochar pyrolysis time, fuel to biomass ratio, biochar to feedstock ratio and thermogravimetric index （TGI）. Among the models, the best quality biochar （TGI ---- 0.15） was obtained from Model I kiln taking the longest time for pyrolysis （12.5 h） and the highest amount of fuel wood （1.22 kg kg-1 biomass）. Model III kiln produced comparatively good quality biochar （TGI = 0.11）, but with less fuel wood requirement （0.33 kg kg-1 biomass） and shorter pyrolysis time （8.5 h）. We also tested Model III kiln in a three times larger size under two situations （steel kiln and pit kiln）. The biochar to feedstock ratio （0.38） and quality （TGI =0.14） increased slightly for the larger kilns. Quality of biochar was found to be mainly related to pyrolysis time. The costs for the biochar stove and pit kiln were US$ 65-77, while it was US$ 154 for the large size steel kiln. Model III kiln can potentially be used for both cooking and biochar production at farmer scale.

关键词： biomass farmer scale feedstock fuel wood requirement O2 limitation pyrolysis time syngas circulation thermogravi- metric index

Analysis of nitrobenzene compounds in water and soil samples by graphene composite-based solid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2014年第11期25卷 1449-1454页

作者： Gui-Jiang Zhang Xin Zhou Xiao-Huan Zang Zhi Li Chun Wang Zhi Wang Department of chemistry College of Science Agricultural University of Hebei

In this work, solid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry was developed to determine trace levels of nitrobenzene compounds in water and soil samples. Graphene was chosen as the extraction material and its composite was coated on a stainless steel wire through sol–gel technique for the solid phase microextraction. The key parameters influencing the extraction efficiency were optimized. Under the optimal conditions, the linearity for the compounds was observed in the range of 0.02–15.0 mg/L for water samples, and 0.2–60.0 mg/kg for soil samples, with the correlation coefficients（r） of 0.9966–0.9987. The limits of detection of the method were 0.0025–0.005 mg/L for water samples, and 0.02–0.04 mg/kg for soil samples. The recoveries for the spiked samples were in the range of 72.0%–113.2%, and the precision, expressed as the relative standard deviations, was less than 12.1%.

关键词： Graphene Solid-phase microextraction Nitrobenzene compounds Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry