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Curcumin as a potential therapeutic candidate for Helicobacter pylori associated diseases

World Journal of Gastroenterology 2016年第9期22卷 2736-2748页

作者： Avijit Sarkar Ronita De Asish K Mukhopadhyay division of bacteriology National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases

Curcumin, a yellow pigment and principal polyphenolic Curcuminoid obtained from the turmeric rhizome Curcuma longa, is commonly used as a food-coloring agent. Studies suggest that curcumin has a wide range of beneficial properties e.g., anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-cancer, anti-proliferative, anti-fungal and anti-microbial. These pleiotropic activities prompted several research groups to elucidate the role of curcumin in Helicobacter pylori(H. pylori) infection. This is the first review with this heading where we discussed regarding the role of curcumin as an anti-H. pylori agent along with its potential in other gastrointestinal diseases. Based on several in vitro, early cell culture, animal research and few pre-clinical trials, curcumin projected as a potential therapeutic candidate against H. pylori mediated gastric pathogenesis. This review sheds light on the anti-H. pylori effects of curcumin in different models with meticulous emphasis on its anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-carcinogenic effects as well as some critical signaling and effecter molecules. Remarkably, non-toxic molecule curcumin fulfills the characteristics for an ideal chemopreventive agent against H. pylori mediated gastric carcinogenesis but the foremost challenge is to obtain the optimum therapeutic levels of curcumin, due to its low solubility and poor bioavailability. Further, we have discussed about the possibilities for improving its efficacy and bioavailability. Lastly, we concluded with the anticipation that in near future curcumin may be used to develop a therapeutic drug against H. pylori mediated gastric ailments through improved formulation or delivery systems, facilitating its enhanced absorption and cellular uptake.

关键词： Curcumin Helicobacter pylori Duodenal ulcer Gastric cancer Anti-oxidant Anti-inflammatory Nuclear factor-κ B

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Interaction of <i>Helicobacter pylori</i>Cell Membrane with Non-Esterified Cholesterol and Other Steroids

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Open Journal of Medical Microbiology 2013年第1期3卷 70-79页

作者： Hirofumi Shimomura Kouichi Hosoda Yoshikazu Hirai division aof bacteriology Department of Infection and Immunity Jichi Medical University Tochigi Japan division of bacteriology Department of Infection and Immunity Jichi Medical University Tochigi Japan

Helicobacter pylori performs the unique action of assimilating exogenous non-esterified cholesterol into its cell membrane. This bacterium aggressively incorporates non-esterified cholesterol into the membrane, induces its glucosylation, and uses both non-esterified cholesterol and glucosylated cholesterols as membrane lipid compositions. The reason for this assimilation of non-esterified cholesterol into the cell membrane of H. pylori has eluded investigators for many years. Recent hypotheses posit that the sterol-uptake and sterol-glucosylation contribute to the survival of H. pylori cells in different ways. The incorporation of the non-esterified cholesterol into the cell membrane fortifies the resistance of H. pylori against the antibacterial actions of phosphatidylcholines, antibiotics, and bile salts. In parallel, the glucosylation of the non-esterified cholesterol incorporated into the cell membrane serves H. pylori in two ways. First, it helps the bacterium evade host immune responses, such as phagocytosis by macrophages and activation of antigen-specific T cells. Second, it detoxifies sterols fatal to the bacterium via a novel action of sterol glucosylation recently described in another report from our group. The reluctance of H. pylori to absorb esterified cholesterol remains unexplained. A recent study by our group has demonstrated that the phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) in the outer membrane of H. pylori serves as a steroid-binding lipid the incorporation of non-esterified cholesterol into the membrane. We have also discovered that the myristic acid (C14:0) molecule attached to the PE of this bacterium plays an important role in the selective binding of non-esterified cholesterol but not esterified cholesterol.

关键词： Helicobacter pylori Cholesterol-α-Glucosyltransferase Phosphatidylethanolamine

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Novel virulence factor dupA of Helicobacter pylori as an important risk determinant for disease manifestation:An overview

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2020年第32期26卷 4739-4752页

作者： Jawed Alam Avijit Sarkar Bipul Chandra Karmakar Mou Ganguly Sangita Paul Asish K Mukhopadhyay division of Infectious Diseases Institute of Life ScienceBhubaneswar 751023India division of bacteriology ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric DiseasesKolkata 700010India

Helicobacter pylori(***)is a microaerophilic,Gram-negative,human gastric pathogen found usually in the mucous lining of *** infects more than 50%of the world’s population and leads to gastroduodenal *** outcome of disease depends on mainly three factors:Host genetics,environment and bacterial *** these,bacterial virulence factors such as cagA,vacA are well known for their role in disease ***,based on the global epidemiological results,none of the bacterial virulence(gene)factors was found to be associated with particular diseases like duodenal ulcer(DU)in all ***,substantial importance has been provided for research in strain-specific genes outside the cag pathogenicity island,especially genes located within the plasticity *** found within the plasticity regions was first demonstrated in 2005 and was proposed for duodenal ulcer development and reduced risk of gastric cancer in certain geographical *** to the discrepancies in report from different parts of the world in DU development related to *** virulence factor,dupA became an interesting area of research in elucidating the role of this gene in the disease *** this review,we shed light on the detailed information available on the polymorphisms in dupA and their clinical *** have critically appraised several pertinent studies on dupA and discussed their merits and *** review also highlights dupA gene as an important biomarker for DU in certain populations.

关键词： Helicobacter pylori Plasticity region Duodenal ulcer Gastric cancer dupA gene

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Applying tuberculosis management time to measure the tuberculosis infectious pool at a local level in Ethiopia

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2017年第1期6卷 1392-1400页

作者： Senedu Bekele Gebreegziabher Gunnar Aksel Bjune Solomon Abebe Yimer Amhara Regional State Health Bureau Bahir DarEthiopia Department of Community Medicine Institute of Health and SocietyUniversity of OsloOsloNorway Oslo University Hospital OsloNorway Department of bacteriology and Immunology Division of Infectious Disease ControlNorwegian Institute of Public HealthOsloNorway

Background:Measuring the size of the infectious pool of tuberculosis(TB)is essential to understand the burden and monitor trends of TB control program *** study applied the concept of TB management time to estimate and compare the size of the TB infectious pool between 2009 and 2014 in West Gojjam Zone of Amhara Region,***:New sputum smear-positive and smear-negative pulmonary TB(PTB)and retreatment cases who attended 30 randomly selected public health facilities in West Gojjam Zone from October 2013 to October 2014 were consecutively enrolled in the *** order to determine the infectious period,the TB management time(number of days from the onset of cough until start of anti-TB treatment)was computed for each patient *** number of undiagnosed TB cases was estimated and hence the TB management time for the undiagnosed category was *** total size of the TB infectious pool during the study period for the study zone was estimated as the annual number of infectious person ***:New smear-positive and smear-negative PTB cases contributed 25,050 and 12,931 infectious person days per year to the TB infectious pool,*** retreatment and presently undiagnosed cases contributed 8840 and 34,310 infectious person days per year,*** total size of the TB infectious pool in West Gojjam Zone during the study period was estimated at 81,131 infectious person days per year or 3405 infectious person days per 100,000 population per *** to a similar study done in 2009 in the study area,the current study showed reduction of the TB infectious pool by 244,279 infectious person ***:TB management time is a simple and practical tool that may help to estimate and compare the changes in the size of the TB infectious pool at local *** may also be used as an indicator to monitor the changes in TB control program performance.

关键词： Tuberculosis TB management time Infectious pool West Gojjam zone Ethiopia

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A comprehensive review on bioactive peptides derived from milk and milkproducts of minor dairy species

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Food Production, Processing and Nutrition 2021年第1期3卷 11-31页

作者： Snigdha Guha Heena Sharma Gaurav Kr Deshwal Priyanka Singh Rao Department of Food Science and Technology University of Nebraska-LincolnLincolnNE 68588-6205USA Food Technology Laboratory Dairy Technology DivisionNational Dairy Research Institute(ICAR-NDRI)KarnalHaryana 132001India Dairy Chemistry and bacteriology Section Southern Regional Station-National Dairy Research InstituteBengaluru 560030India

Milk from different species has been exploited for the isolation of various functional ingredients for *** of the source,milk is considered as a complete food,as it provides essential nutrients required by the human *** and their fractions are valuable sources of bioactive peptides that might exert a health beneficial role in the human body such as immune-modulation,antioxidant activity,ACE-inhibitory activity,anti-neoplastic,anti-microbial,*** milk,bioactive peptides may either be present in their natural form or released from their parental proteins due to enzymatic *** increasing interest in bioactive peptides among researchers has lately augmented the exploration of minor dairy species such as sheep,goat,camel,mithun,mare,and *** to cow,milk from minor dairy species have also been proven to be healthier from infancy to older age owing to their higher digestibility and other nutritive ***,realizing the significance of milk from such species and incentivized interest towards the derivatization of bioactive peptides,the present review highlights the significant research achievements on bioactive peptides from milk and milk products of minor dairy species.

关键词： Milk protein Bioactive peptides Camel Goat Sheep Donkey

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Use of Thermogravimetric Analysis for Moisture Determination in Difficult Lyophilized Biological Samples

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American Journal of Analytical Chemistry 2016年第3期7卷 260-265页

作者： Paul Matejtschuk Chinwe Duru Kiran Malik Ernest Ezeajughi Elaine Gray Sanj Raut Fatme Mawas Standardization Science National Institute for Biological Standards & Control (NIBSC) Hertfordshire UK Biotherapeutics division National Institute for Biological Standards & Control (NIBSC) Hertfordshire UK bacteriology division National Institute for Biological Standards & Control (NIBSC) Hertfordshire UK

Residual moisture is a key quality control parameter for lyophilized biologicals, as high moisture can correlate with poor stability. Coulometric Karl Fischer titration is the most widely used technology to determine residual water content;some chemicals are known to cause problems with Karl Fischer titration, but these chemicals do not usually occur in biologics. Three biological samples, of fibrinogen, heparin and Haemophilus influenza b polysaccharide, have caused particular issue in our hands by routine Karl Fischer analysis, illustrating different limitations with this method. The use of thermogravimetric analysis, with evolved gas mass spectrometric monitoring, is described here as a successful alternative for moisture analysis in these materials.

关键词： Thermogravimetric Analysis Freeze Dried Moisture Determination Karl Fischer Titration

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Excipient effect on antimicrobial activity of Cinnamon (Cinnamomum zelylanicum album) oil, Thyme (Thymus vulgaris) oil and Ajowan (Trachyspermum ammi) oil

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Infectious Diseases Research 2024年第1期5卷 27-31页

作者： Bhoj R Singh Shiv Varan Singh Ravikant Agarwal Akanksha Yadav division of Epidemiology ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research InstituteBareilly 243122India division of bacteriology and Mycology ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research InstituteBareilly 243122India division of Livestock Products Technology ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research InstituteBareilly 243122India.

Background:Many herbal essential oils are potential antimicrobials but their pharmaceutical utility is restricted due to a lack of suitable excipients to mollify their dermatotoxicity and irritant property,and outcome of their therapeutic use may vary with different diluents ***:Effect of 16 diluents(dimethyl sulfoxide,liquid paraffin,glycerine,oils of mustard,sunflower,rice bran,palm,groundnut,olive,coconut,sesame,avocado,jojoba,castor,linseed and soybean)was assessed on antimicrobial activity of 2%cinnamon(Cinnamomum zelylanicum album),thyme(Thymus vulgaris)and ajowan(Trachyspermum ammi)oils using agar well diffusion *** effect of excipients was evaluated on six Candida albicans,five Escherichia coli,four Acinetobacter lwoffii,two strains each of Staphylococcus aureus,Enterobacter agglomerans,and Enterococcus faecium and one strain each of Acinetobacter calcoaceticus,Escherichia fergusonii,Klebsiella oxytoca,*** ***,Leclercia adecarboxylata,Paenibacillus amylolyticus,Proteus mirabilis,***,Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Raoultella terrigena,Staphylococcus capitis ***,***,***,*** and Streptococcus ***:Thyme oil(2%)maintained it antimicrobial activity on dilution in dimethyl sulfoxide and glycerine,and ajowan oil(2%)completely lost its antibacterial activity in all diluents except dimethyl ***,cinnamon oil partially lost its antimicrobial activity upon dilution in glycerine,vegetable,and mineral oils in comparison to dimethyl *** oil was the best vegetable oil,almost comparable to dimethyl sulfoxide and castor oil was the worst diluent for maintaining antimicrobial activity of cinnamon ***:The study indicated the non-suitability of vegetable oils for pharmaceutical formulations of essential oils except olive oil for dilution of cinnamon oil and glycerol for thyme oil to replace dimethyl sulfoxide as diluent.

关键词： essential oils herbal antimicrobials herbal drug-resistance Bacteria Candida

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Therapeutic Activity of Partially Purified Fractions of Emblica officinalis （Syn, Phyllanthus embfica） Dried Fruits against Trypanosoma evansi

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Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 2016年第10期4卷 546-558页

作者： Shaba Peter Sahab Dey Bhanuprakash Veerakyathappa Singh Raj Kumar Chaudary Paulad division of Medicine lndian Veterinary Research Institute Izatnagar Uttar Pradesh 243 122 India Indian Veterinary Research Institute Regional Station Mukteswar Uttrancha1263 138 India division of bacteriology and Biotechnology Indian Veterinary Research Institute Izamagar Uttar Pradesh 243 122 India

Emblica officinalis （E. oJficinalis） dried fruits were evaluated for its antitrypanosomal activity and cytotoxic effects. Vero cell line maintained in DMEM （Dubecco＇s Modified Eagle Medium） and incubated with Trypanosoma evansi for more than 12 h. MPE was added to the Vero cell culture medium at different concentrations （250-1,000 μg/mL） with trypanosomes concentration （1 × 106 trypanosomes/mL in each ELISA plate well） and incubated at appropriate conditions for 72 h. In-vitro cytotoxieity of MPE of E. officinalis was determined on Vero cells at concentrations （（1.56-100 ~tg/mL）. Acute toxicity and in-vivo infectivity tests were done in mice. Obtained MPE ofE. officinalis underwent process of purification via column chromatography, preparative chromatography and HPLC （higher performance liquid chromatography） with bioassay at different strata on Alsever＇s medium. In-vivo assay for trypanocidal activity, MPE and PPFs （partially purified fractions） of E. officinalis with two sets of mice, each mouse was inoculated with 1 × 104/mL oftrypanosomes and treated （48 h post inoculation） at concentrations （12.5, 25, 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight） were administered at dose rate of 100 [tL per mouse via intraperitoneal route （in treating parassitemic mice） to different groups of mice, 6 mice per concentration. HPLC of partially purified fractions ofE. officinalis was carried out with mobile phase ofacetonitdle： water （40：60） in gradient mode. In vitro, MPE induced immobilization and killing of the parasites in concentration-time dependent manner. Significant reduction of trypanosomes counts from concentration of 250μg/mL and complete killing of trypanosomes at 5th hour of observation, which was statistically equivalent to 4th hour of Diminazine Aceturate （Berenil）, standard reference drug used. HPLC of the partially purified fractions revealed two major prominent peaks at retention time of 1-4 min. In vivo, both MPE and PPFs of test material did prolong lives of mice by 6-9

关键词： Emblica officinalis dried fruits in vitro and in vivo partially purified fractions trypanocidal activity Trypanosoma evansi in vitro cytotoxicity.

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In-vitro and In-vivo Anti-trypanosomal Activity of Terminalia chebula Retz Dried Fruits

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Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 2016年第9期4卷 492-500页

作者： Shaba Peter Sahab Dey Singh Raj Kumar Chaudary Paulad division of Medicine lndian Veterinary Research Institute lzatnagar Uttar Pradesh 243 122 lndia lndian Veterinary Research Institute Regional Station Mukteswar Uttrancha1263 138 India division of bacteriology and Biotechnology Indian Veterinary Research Institute Izatnagar Uttar Pradesh 243 122 India

African trypanosomosis had caused lots of havocs to both humans and animals over a century with successes and failure in curtailing it. This study was aimed at screening medicinal plant, Terminalia chebula dried fruits against Trypanosoma evansi for trypanocidal activity. Twenty grams of powdered Terminalia chebula dried fruits was cold extracted with methanol. Obtained MPE （methanolic plant extract） was in vitro tested against Trypanosoma brucei （1 × 10^6 trypanosomes/mL of the medium in each ELISA plate wells） at concentrations （250～1,000 μg/mL） on Vero cells grown in DMEM （Debecco＇s Modified Eagle Medium） in appropriate conditions for trypanocidal activity. In-vitro cytotoxicity test of MPE of Terminalia chebula was conducted on Vero cells grown in DMEM. In-vivo assay for trypanocidal activity, each mouse was inoculated with 1 × 10^4/mL of trypanosomes and treated （48 h post inoculation） with MPE of Terminalia chebula at concentrations （12.5, 25, 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight） were administered at dose rate of 100 BL per mouse via intraperitoneal route to different groups of mice, 6 mice per concentration. In-vitro cytotoxicity test was done on Veto cells at concentrations （1.58～100 μg/mL） of MPE of Terminalia chebula. Results of in-vitro trypanocidal activity varied from immobilization, reduction and to the killing of the trypanosomes. At 250 μg/mL ofMPE ofTerminalia chebula dried fruits, there was significant trypanocidal activity at 4 h of incubation and trypanosomes were not detected in corresponding ELISA plate wells at 5 h of incubation, which was statistically equivalent to reference drug, diminazine aceturate （50 μL/mL） at 4 h of incubation. Results of in-vivo trypanocidal activity revealed that at concentrations （l 2.5～25 mg/kg body weight） of MPE of Terrninalia chebula, mice in these groups survived for 6 days. While at 50 and 100 to 200 mg/kg body weight, mice in these groups survived up to 7 and 8 days, respectively. In-vitro cytotoxicity test sho

关键词： Terminalia chebula dried fruits in-vitro and in-vivo trypanocidal activity in-vitro cytotoxicity.

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A MODIFICATION OF KLINE'S MICROSCOPIC PRECIPITATION TEST FOR THE DIAGNOSIS OF SYPHILIS

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中华医学杂志(英文版) 1932年第7期46卷 645-655+749页

作者： T.L.CH’IN D.HUIE WONG division of Dermatology and Syphilology Department of Medicineand Department of Bacteriology and ImmunologyPeiping Union Medical CollegePeiping

1.A modification of the Kline precipitation test for the diagnosisof sypbilis is described which is simpler and more economical than theoriginal method in which defibrinated blood is *** procedure requires only 0.02 cc of whole blood and thetest is carried out in four minutes'*** feature is of especial value in pediatric and emergency *** apparatus employed issimple and economical and is entirely adapted to office *** results of the thousand parallel observations show thatthe modifications herein recommended have not diminished the sensi-tiveness of the test as compared with the Kahn and the Wassermannreactions.

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