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Advantage of Introducing Quantitative Light-Induced Fluorescence in School Dental Checkups

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Health 2018年第8期10卷 1095-1106页

作者： Koji Watanabe Takashi Sasabe Akihiro Nakamura Kosuke Eda Kosuke Tanase Hidefumi Ikeda Naoko Ohata Yukiko Minohara Kenshi Maki Shigeru Watanabe division of developmental stomatognathic function science Department of Health Promotion Kyushu Dental University Kitakyushu Japan division of Pediatric Dentistry Department of Human Development and Fostering Meikai University School of Dentistry Sakado Japan

Background: Caries detection in school oral examinations insufficient accuracy. Objective: To evaluate advantages of introducing quantitative light-induced fluorescence-digital (QLF-D) in school oral examinations. Methods: Experiment No. 1. Early demineralized lesions in the upper and lower incisors and canines were visually inspected by three dentists and by QLF-D. The numbers of tooth planes with early demineralized lesions were compared between the methods. Experiment No. 2. Approximal demineralized lesions in molars were assessed by visual inspection, x-ray imaging, and QLF-D. The numbers of tooth planes with demineralized lesions were compared among the methods. Experiment No. 3. Plaque distribution was evaluated by QLF-D and a traditional staining method. The ratio of the diameter of plaque to tooth crown in the tooth axis direction in each method was calculated. The results were evaluated by Pearson’s correlation coefficient analysis and Bland-Altman plot. Results: Experiment No. 1. The three dentists found 0.67 tooth planes on average. QLF-D found 22 tooth planes with early demineralized lesions in the same samples. Experiment No. 2. Fourteen approximal tooth planes of molars were found to have demineralized lesions by x-ray imaging. QLF-D detected 71.4% of the tooth planes out of the 14, whereas visual inspection found 7.1%. Experiment No. 3. The Pearson’s correlation coefficient for the evaluations of plaque distribution between the QLF-D and traditional staining methods was 0.77 (P Conclusion: The results support introduction of QLF-D for use in school dental examinations.

关键词： Oral Checkup Early Demineralized Lesion Approximal Demineralized Lesion Quantitative Light-Induced Fluorescence-Digital

Amount of Calcium Elution and Eroded Lesion Depth in Bovine Enamel Derived from Single Short Time Immersion in Carbonated Soft Drink <i>in Vitro</i>

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Open Journal of Stomatology 2015年第3期5卷 80-86页

作者： Koji Watanabe Toshiko Tanaka Kenshi Maki Hideaki Nakashima Shigeru Watanabe division of Pediatric Dentistry Department of Development and Fostering Meikai University School of Dentistry Saitama Japan division of Surgery Department of Health Promotion Kyushu Dental University Fukuoka Japan division of developmental stomatognathic function science Department of Health Promotion Kyushu Dental University Fukuoka Japan

Erosion is one of serious oral health problems among Japanese children. Some dentists argue that brushing just after food/drink intake induces enamel abrasion. Objectives of this study were to evaluate amount of calcium elution from bovine enamel due to single and short immersion into carbonated soft drink, to calculate depth of the eroded lesion, and to determine when to brush teeth after carbonated soft drink intake from the view point of preventing enamel abrasion. Four enamel specimens were made from each of eight bovine teeth. The specimens were covered by quick-cure resin except for enamel surfaces. The four specimens from each bovine tooth were classified into three, six, nine, and 12 minutes immersion (IM3, IM6, IM9, and IM12) groups and immersed separately in five mL of carbonated soft drink. After the immersion, the calcium concentration of the original drink and the drink samples were evaluated using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The dimension of each enamel specimen was calculated using a planimeter. The amount of eluted calcium per unit area of the enamel specimen into each drink sample was obtained. The depth of the demineralized lesion was obtained by dividing the amount of calcium elution per unit area by the concentration of calcium in enamel and the specific gravity of enamel. The lesion depth of the IM3 group was significantly lower than those in the IM6, IM9, and IM12 groups. The mean lesion depth in the IM12 group which showed the deepest lesion depth was 0.21 μm. As conclusions, the erosive lesion depth due to intake of carbonated soft drink was much shallower than remineralized enamel surface of a white spot lesion which can be repaired in plaque fluid in a short time, suggesting such erosion hardly causes tooth wear, hence it was suggested that brushing teeth just after the intake was recommended.

关键词： Erosion Bovine Enamel Carbonated Soft Drink Calcium

Retrospective Survey on Mesiodens and Corresponding Odontoparallaxis in Japanese Children

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Health 2022年第9期14卷 939-948页

作者： Koji Watanabe Daigo Yoshiga Teppei Sago Masafumi Oda Izumi Yoshioka Seiji Watanabe Yasuhiro Morimoto division of developmental stomatognathic function science Department of Health Promotion Kyushu Dental University Kitakyushu Japan division of Oral Medicine Department of Physical Functions Kyushu Dental University Kitakyushu Japan division of Dental Anesthesiology Department of Physical Functions Kyushu Dental University Kitakyushu Japan division of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology Department of Physical Functions Kyushu Dental University Kitakyushu Japan

Supernumerary tooth in the upper central incisor region is called mesiodens. Mesiodens causes serious complications such as displacement, retarded eruption, and rotation in the adjacent permanent incisors, inducing inhibition of oral development. This report was aimed to provide epidemiology of mesiodens in Japanese children. Using dental record, panoramic radiographs and images of cone-beam computed tomography in 128 non-syndromic child patients, patients’ age at their first visit, gender composition, shape of mesiodens, position of mesiodens, posture of mesiodens, and age distribution of the patients based on each complication were investigated. In addition to the survey, patient age was compared between the groups with and without each complication. Patients’ age ranged 3 - 10 years old. Male-to-female ratio was approximately 3:1. Conical shape (75%) and inverted position (49%) were the most frequent among the patients. Displacement was the commonest complication. Age comparison indicated that patients with displacement or retarded eruption consulted the dentist younger than those without the complications. The present study provided etiology of mesiodens in Japanese children that will contribute to daily clinical practice in the field of pediatric dentistry.

关键词： Mesiodens Displacement Retarded Eruption Rotation

Acid Elution of Aluminum and Calcium from Human Deciduous Enamel in Relation to Dental Caries

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Open Journal of Stomatology 2016年第2期6卷 54-63页

作者： Koji Watanabe Toshiko Tanaka Ayaka Enomoto Katsura Saeki Shigenori Kawagishi Hideaki Nakashima Kenshi Maki Shigeru Watanabe division of Pediatric Dentistry Department of Human Development and Fostering Meikai University School of Dentistry Sakado Japan division of developmental stomatognathic function science Department of Health Promotion Kyushu Dental University Kitakyushu Japan division of Surgery Department of Health Promotion Kyushu Dental University Kitakyushu Japan division of Multidisciplinary Studies Department of Health Promotion Kyushu Dental University Kitakyushu Japan

Although aluminum itself was reported to prevent dental caries, previous in vitro studies reported that the aluminum level in the whole saliva of children was independent of caries prevalence. Purposes of this study were to compare the elution levels of aluminum and calcium from deciduous enamel into acidic artificial saliva, and determine whether the degree of aluminum elution reflects individual caries risk. One hundred and eleven extracted human deciduous teeth were collected. Concentrations of aluminum and calcium eluted from sound regions of enamel into artificial saliva (pH 6.2 or 5.5) were determined using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. One hundred and four and 108 available data samples were obtained for aluminum and calcium evaluation, respectively, and were compared based on the sex, tooth type, caries history, and the number of the donor’s carious teeth at each pH. Calcium elution was not affected by the sex;however, more aluminum was eluted from boys’ than from girls’ teeth at pH 5.5. The aluminum release depended on the tooth type, and was significantly higher in incisors than in molars at a pH of 5.5. In relation to the caries history, aluminum (at pH 5.5) and calcium (at pH 6.2) dissolved more from sound regions of the enamel of caries-experienced teeth than from the enamel of teeth without caries experience. Moreover, aluminum markedly dissolved from enamel in artificial saliva at both pH 6.2 and 5.5 when the donor had more carious teeth, regardless of the presence or absence of caries experience in the sampled teeth. There is a possibility that the rate of aluminum elution from enamel into acidic fluid reflects individual caries sensitivity.

关键词： Aluminum Elution Deciduous Enamel Dental Caries Artificial Saliva

microRNAs-powerful repression comes from small RNAs

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science China(Life sciences) 2009年第4期52卷 323-330页

作者： MA Cong, LIU YuFei & HE Lin 535 LSA, division of Cell and developmental Biology, MCB Department, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720-3200 535 LSA Division of Cell and Developmental Biology MCB Department University of California at Berkeley Berkeley CA 94720-3200 USA

microRNAs (miRNAs) encode a novel class of small, non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression post-trancriptionally. miRNAs comprise one of the major non-coding RNA families, whose diverse bio- logical functions and unusual capacity for gene regulation have attracted enormous interests in the RNA world. Over the past 16 years, genetic, biochemical and computational approaches have greatly shaped the growth of the field, leading to the identification of thousands of miRNA genes in nearly all metazoans. The key molecular machinery for miRNA biogenesis and silencing has been identified, yet the precise biochemical and regulatory mechanisms still remain elusive. However, recent findings have shed new light on how miRNAs are generated and how they function to repress gene expression. miRNAs provide a paradigm for endogenous small RNAs that mediate gene silencing at a genome-wide level. The gene silencing mediated by these small RNAs constitutes a major component of gene regu- lation during various developmental and physiological processes. The accumulating knowledge about their biogenesis and gene silencing mechanism will add a new dimension to our understanding about the complex gene regulatory networks.

关键词： miRNA RNAi gene silencing mRNA degradation

Loss of Hox5 function results in myofibroblast mislocalization and distal lung matrix defects during postnatal development

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science China(Life sciences) 2018年第9期61卷 1030-1038页

作者： Steven M.Hrycaj Leilani Marty-Santos ANDrew J.Rasky Nicholas W.Lukacs Deneen M.Wellik Department of Internal Medicine Division of Molecular Medicine and Genetics University of Michigan Department of Pathology University of Michigan Department of Cell and developmental Biology University of Michigan

Alveologenesis is the final stage of lung development and is responsible for the formation of the principle gas exchange units called alveoli. The lung mesenchyme, in particular the alveolar myofibroblasts, are drivers of alveolar development, however,few key regulators that govern the proper distribution and behavior of these cells in the distal lung during alveologenesis have been identified. While Hox5 triple mutants(Hox5 aabbcc) exhibit neonatal lethality, four-allele, compound mutant mice(Hox5 AabbCc) are born in Mendelian ratios and are phenotypically normal at birth. However, they exhibit defects in alveologenesis characterized by a BPD-like phenotype by early postnatal stages that becomes more pronounced at adult stages. Invasive pulmonary functional analyses demonstrate significant increases in total lung volume and compliance and a decrease in elastance in Hox5 compound mutants. SMA+ myofibroblasts in the distal lung are distributed abnormally during peak stages of alveologenesis and aggregate, resulting in the formation of a disrupted elastin network. Examination of other key components of the distal lung ECM, as well as other epithelial cells and lipofibroblasts reveal no differences in distribution. Collectively, these data indicate that Hox5 genes play a critical role in alveolar development by governing the proper cellular behavior of myofibroblasts during alveologenesis.

关键词： Hox5 alveologenesis alveolar myofibroblasts lung ECM postnatal lung development

Recent advances in plant centromere biology

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science China(Life sciences) 2015年第3期58卷 240-245页

作者： FENG Chao LIU YaLin SU HanDong WANG HeFei BIRCHLER James HAN FangPu State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of sciences division of Biological sciences University of Missouri-Columbia

The centromere, which is one of the essential parts of a chromosome, controls kinetochore formation and chromosome segregation during mitosis and meiosis. While centromere function is conserved in eukaryotes, the centromeric DNA sequences evolve rapidly and have few similarities among species. The histone H3 variant CENH3(CENP-A in human), which mostly exists in centromeric nucleosomes, is a universal active centromere mark in eukaryotes and plays an essential role in centromere identity determination. The relationship between centromeric DNA sequences and centromere identity determination is one of the intriguing questions in studying centromere formation. Due to the discoveries in the past decades, including "neocentromeres" and "centromere inactivation", it is now believed that the centromere identity is determined by epigenetic mechanisms. This review will present recent progress in plant centromere biology.

关键词： centromere epigenetics CENH3

CsRAXs negatively regulate leaf size and fruiting ability through auxin glycosylation in cucumber

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2024年第5期66卷 1024-1037页

作者： Jiacai Chen Liu Liu Guangxin Chen Shaoyun Wang Ye Liu Zeqin Zhang Hongfei Li Liming Wang Zhaoyang Zhou Jianyu Zhao Xiaolan Zhang Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops Department of Vegetable SciencesBeijing key Laboratoy of Growtn and Developmental Regul China Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China

Leaves are the main photosynthesis organ that directly determines crop yield and *** the regulatory mechanism of leaf development is crucial for food security and ecosystem ***,we identified the novel function of R2R3-MYB transcription factors CsRAXs in regulating cucumber leaf size and fruiting ***5 single mutant exhibited enlarged leaf size and stem diameter,and Csrax1/2/5 triple mutant displayed further enlargement *** of CsRAX1 or CsRAX5 gave rise to smaller leaf and thinner *** fruiting ability of Csrax1/2/5 plants was significantly enhanced,while that of CsRAX5 overexpression lines was greatly ***,cell number and free auxin level were elevated in mutant plants while decreased in overexpression *** data indicated that CsRAX1/5 directly promoted the expression of auxin glucosyltransferase gene ***,our data suggested that CsRAXs function as repressors for leaf size development by promoting auxin glycosylation to decrease free auxin level and cell division in *** findings provide new gene targets for cucumber breeding with increased leaf size and crop yield.

关键词： auxin glycosylation CsRAXs CsUGT74E2 fruiting ability leaf size

Adult dental epithelial stem cell-derived organoids deposit hydroxylapatite biomineral

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International Journal of Oral science 2023年第4期15卷 676-690页

作者： Hyun-Yi Kim Victoria Cooley Eun-Jung Kim Shujin Li Jong-Min Lee Dina Sheyfer Wenjun Liu Ophir D.Klein Derk Joester Han-Sung Jung NGeneS Inc. Ansan-siGyeonggi-doKorea Department of Materials science and Engineering Northwestern UniversityEvanstonILUSA X-ray science division Advanced Photon SourceArgonne National LaboratoryLemontILUSA division in Anatomy and developmental Biology Department of Oral BiologyOral Science Research CenterBK21 FOUR ProjectYonsei University College of DentistrySeoulKorea Department of Orofacial sciences and Program in Craniofacial Biology University of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCAUSA Department of Pediatrics Cedars-Sinai Guerin Children’sLos AngelesCAUSA

Ameloblasts are specialized cells derived from the dental epithelium that produce enamel,a hierarchically structured tissue comprised of highly elongated hydroxylapatite(OHAp)*** unique function of the epithelial cells synthesizing crystallites and assembling them in a mechanically robust structure is not fully elucidated yet,partly due to limitations with in vitro experimental ***,we demonstrate the ability to generate mineralizing dental epithelial organoids(DEOs)from adult dental epithelial stem cells(aDESCs)isolated from mouse incisor *** expressed ameloblast markers,could be maintained for more than five months(11 passages)in vitro in media containing modulators of Wnt,Egf,Bmp,Fgf and Notch signaling pathways,and were amenable to *** transplanted underneath murine kidney capsules,organoids produced OHAp crystallites similar in composition,size,and shape to mineralized dental tissues,including some enamel-like elongated *** are thus a powerful in vitro model to study mineralization process by dental epithelium,which can pave the way to understanding amelogenesis and developing regenerative therapy of enamel.

关键词： epithelium maintained specialized