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Deep learning to develop zero-equation based turbulence model for CFD simulations of the built environment

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Building Simulation 2024年第3期17卷 399-414页

作者： Giovanni Calzolari Wei Liu division of Sustainable Buildings Department of Civil and Architectural EngineeringKTH Royal Institute of TechnologyBrinnelvägen 23Stockholm11428Sweden

This study aims to improve the accuracy and speed of predictions for thermal comfort and air quality in built environments by creating a coupled framework between computational fluid dynamics(CFD)simulations and deep learning *** coupling approach is showcased by the development of a data-driven turbulence *** new turbulence model is built using a deep learning neural network,whose mapping structure is based on a zero-equation turbulence model for built environment simulations,and is coupled with the CFD software OpenFOAM to create a hybrid *** neural network is a standard shallow multi-layer *** number of hidden layers and nodes per layer was optimized using Bayesan optimization *** framework is trained on an indoor environment case study,as well as tested on an indoor office simulation and an outdoor building array *** show that the deep learning based turbulence model is more robust and faster than traditional two-equation Reynolds average Navier-Stokes(RANS)turbulence models,while maintaining a similar level of *** model also outperforms the standard algebraic zero-equation model due to its superior ability to generalize to various flow *** some challenges,namely the mapping constraint,the limited training dataset size and the source of generation of training data,the hybrid framework demonstrates the viability of the coupling technique and serves as a starting point for future development of more reliable and advanced models.

关键词： neural networks computational fluid dynamics(CFD) turbulence model OpenFOAM

Probabilistic prediction on three-dimensional roughness of discontinuity based on two-dimensional traces under rock tunnel excavation based on Bayesian theory

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Underground Space 2024年第1期14卷 338-356页

作者： Qi Zhang Yuechao Pei Xiaojun Wang Xiaojun Li Yixin Shen School of civil engineering Southeast UniversityNanjing 211189China Department of Geotechnical engineering College of Civil EngineeringTongji UniversityShanghai 200092China

Three-dimensional(3D)roughness of discontinuity affects the quality of the rock mass,but 3D roughness is hard to be measured due to that the discontinuity is invisible in the ***-dimensional(2D)roughness can be calculated from the visible traces,but it is difficult to obtain enough quantity of the traces to directly derive 3D roughness during the tunnel *** this study,a new method using Bayesian theory is proposed to derive 3D roughness from the low quantity of 2D roughness *** more accurately calculating 3D roughness,a new regression formula of 2D roughness is established firstly based on wavelet *** new JRC3D prediction model based on Bayesian theory is then developed,and Markov chain Monte Carlo(MCMC)sampling is adopted to process JRC3D prediction *** discontinuity sample collected from the literature is used to verify the proposed *** groups with the sampling size of 2,3,4,and 5 of each group are randomly sampled from JRC2D values of 170 profiles of the discontinuity,*** research results indicate that 100%,90%,85%,and 60%predicting JRC3D of the sample groups corresponding to the sampling size of 5,4,3,and 2 fall into the tolerance interval[JRC_(true)–1,JRC_(true)+1].It is validated that the sampling size of 5 is enough for predicting *** sensitivities of sampling results are then analyzed on the influencing factors,which are the correlation function,the prior distribution,and the prior *** discontinuity across the excavation face at ZK78+67.5 of Daxiagu tunnel is taken as the tunnel engineering application,and the results further verify that the predicting JRC3D with the sampling size of 5 is generally in good agreement with JRC3D true values.

关键词： Rock discontinuity Joint roughness coefficient Tunnel excavation Bayesian theory Markov chain Monte Carlo sampling

Research on an innovative structure of an open-ribbed steel-ultra-high performance concrete composite bridge deck

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Frontiers of Structural and civil engineering 2024年第5期18卷 716-730页

作者： Xudong SHAO Xuan SUN Deqiang ZOU Junhui CAO Chuanqi YANG School of civil engineering Hunan UniversityKey Laboratory for Wind and Bridge Engineering of Hunan ProvinceChangsha 410082China China Construction Fifth engineering division Co. Ltd.Changsha 410004China

To completely solve the problem of fatigue cracking issue of orthotropic steel bridge decks(OSDs),the authors proposed a steel–ultra-high performance concrete(UHPC)lightweight composite deck(LWCD)with closed ribs in *** on the successful application of that LWCD,an adaptation incorporating an innovative composite deck structure,i.e.,the hot-rolled section steel–UHPC composite deck with open ribs(SSD)is proposed in this paper,aiming to simplify the fabrication process as well as to reduce the cost of *** on a long-span cable-stayed bridge,a design scheme is proposed and is compared with the conventional OSD ***,a finite element(FE)calculation is conducted to reflect both the global and local behavior of the SSD scheme,and it is found that the peaked stresses in the SSD components are less than the corresponding allowable values.A static test is performed for an SSD strip specimen to understand the anti-cracking behavior of the UHPC layer under negative bending *** static test results indicate that the UHPC layer exhibited a satisfactory tensile toughness,the UHPC tensile strength obtained from the test is 1.8 times the calculated stress by the FE model of the real *** addition,the fatigue stresses of typical fatigue-prone details in the SSD are calculated and evaluated,and the influences of key design parameters on the fatigue performance of the SSD are *** to the fatigue results,the peaked stress ranges for all of the 10 fatigue-prone details are within the corresponding constant amplitude fatigue *** a fatigue test is carried out for another SSD strip specimen to explore the fatigue behavior of the fillet weld between the longitudinal and transverse *** specimen failed at the fillet weld after equivalent 47.5 million cycles of loading under the design fatigue stress range,indicating that the fatigue performance of the SSD could meet the fatigue design *** calculations and experim

关键词： steel-ultra-high performance concrete composite deck open rib strip model test static and fatigue performance orthotropic steel deck

Experimental and numerical study on dynamic mechanical behaviors of shale under true triaxial compression at high strain rate

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International Journal of Mining Science and Technology 2024年第2期34卷 149-165页

作者： Xiaoping Zhou Linyuan Han Jing Bi Yundong Shou School of civil engineering Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430072China College of civil engineering Guizhou UniversityGuiyang 550025China

High-energy gas fracturing of shale is a novel,high efficacy and eco-friendly mining technique,which is a typical dynamic perturbing *** effectively extract shale gas,it is important to understand the dynamic mechanical properties of *** experiments on shale subjected to true triaxial compression at different strain rates are first conducted in this *** dynamic stress-strain curves,peak strain,peak stress and failure modes of shale are *** results of the study indicate that the intermediate principal stress and the minor principal stress have the significant influence on the dynamic mechanical behaviors,although this effect decreases as the strain rate *** characteristics of compression-shear failure primarily occur in shale subjected to triaxial compression at high strain rates,which distinguishes it from the fragmentation characteristics observed in shale under dynamic uniaxial ***,a numerical three-dimensional Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar(3D-SHPB),which is established by coupling PFC3D and FLAC3D methods,is validated to replicate the laboratory characteristics of *** dynamic mechanical characteristics of shale subjected to different confining stresses are systematically investigated by the coupling PFC3D and FLAC3D *** numerical results are in good agreement with the experimental data.

关键词： Dynamic behaviors True triaxial compression High strain rates Dynamic failure mechanism PFC3D-FLAC3D coupled method

Prediction of bearing capacity of pile foundation using deep learning approaches

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Frontiers of Structural and civil engineering 2024年第6期18卷 870-886页

作者： Manish KUMAR Divesh Ranjan KUMAR Jitendra KHATTI Pijush SAMUI Kamaldeep Singh GROVER Department of civil engineering SRM Institute of Science and Technology Tiruchirappalli CampusTrichy 621105India Department of civil engineering National Institute of Technology PatnaBihar 800005India Department of civil engineering Faculty of EngineeringThammasat School of EngineeringThammasat UniversityBangkok10200Thailand Department of civil engineering Rajasthan Technical UniversityKota 324010India

The accurate prediction of bearing capacity is crucial in ensuring the structural integrity and safety of pile *** research compares the Deep Neural Networks(DNN),Convolutional Neural Networks(CNN),Recurrent Neural Networks(RNN),Long Short-Term Memory(LSTM),and Bidirectional LSTM(BiLSTM)algorithms utilizing a data set of 257 dynamic pile load tests for the first ***,this research illustrates the multicollinearity effect on DNN,CNN,RNN,LSTM,and BiLSTM models’performance and accuracy for the first time.A comprehensive comparative analysis is conducted,employing various statistical performance parameters,rank analysis,and error matrix to evaluate the performance of these *** performance is further validated using external validation,and visual interpretation is provided using the regression error characteristics(REC)curve and Taylor *** from the comparative analysis reveal that the DNN(Coefficient of determination(R^(2))_(training(TR))=0.97,root mean squared error(RMSE)_(TR)=0.0413;R^(2)_(testing(TS))=0.9,RMSE_(TS)=0.08)followed by BiLSTM(R^(2)_(TR)=0.91,RMSE_(TR)=0.782;R^(2)_(TS)=0.89,RMSE_(TS)=0.0862)model demonstrates the highest performance *** is noted that the BiLSTM model is better than LSTM because the BiLSTM model,which increases the amount of information for the network,is a sequence processing model made up of two LSTMs,one of which takes the input in a forward manner,and the other in a backward *** prediction of pile-bearing capacity is strongly influenced by ram weight(having a considerable multicollinearity level),and the effect of the considerable multicollinearity level has been determined for the model based on the recurrent neural network *** this study,the recurrent neural network model has the least performance and accuracy in predicting the pile-bearing capacity.

关键词： deep learning algorithms high-strain dynamic pile test bearing capacity of the pile

An ultra-thin bolt tension sensor and online monitoring system:For application in hydropower plant unit

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Frontiers of Structural and civil engineering 2024年第9期18卷 1388-1400页

作者： Shaoquan ZHANG Yanke TAN Hanbin GE Qilin ZHANG Department of civil engineering Meijo UniversityNagoya 4688502Japan College of civil engineering Tongji UniversityShanghai 200092China

The condition of bolted connections significantly affects the structural ***,conventional bolt tension sensors fail to provide precise measurements due to their bulky size or inadequate *** study employs the piezoresistive effect of crystalline silicon material to fabricate an ultrathin *** sensor exhibits a linear relationship between pressure and voltage,an exceptional stability at varying temperatures,and a superior resistance to corrosion,making it adaptable and user-friendly for applications of high-strength bolt tension monitoring.A monitoring system,incorporating the proposed sensor,has also been *** system provides real-time display of bolt tension and enables the assessment of sensor and structural conditions,including bolt loosening or component *** efficacy of the proposed sensor and monitoring system was validated through a project carried out at the Xiluodu Hydropower *** to the results,the sensor and online monitoring system effectively gauged and proficiently conveyed and stored bolt tension *** addition,correlations were created between bolt tensions and essential unit parameters,such as water head,active power,and pressures at vital points,facilitating anomaly detection and early warning.

关键词： ultra-thin sensor high-strength bolt tension online monitoring system anomaly alarm hydro-generator units

Dynamic Response of A Group of Cylindrical Storage Tanks with Baffles Considering the Effect of Soil Foundation

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China Ocean engineering 2024年第1期38卷 129-143页

作者： SUN Ying WANG Jia-dong HUO Rui-li ZHOU Ding GU Zhen-yuan QIAN Wang-ping School of Transportation and civil engineering Nantong UniversityNantong 226019China Faculty of civil engineering and Mechanics Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212013China College of civil engineering Nanjing Tech UniversityNanjing 211816China

The sloshing in a group of rigid cylindrical tanks with baffles and on soil foundation under horizontal excitation is studied *** solutions for the velocity potential are derived out by the liquid subdomain *** models with mass-spring oscillators are established to replace continuous *** with the least square technique,Chebyshev polynomials are employed to fit horizontal,rocking and horizontal-rocking coupling impedances of soil,respectively.A lumped parameter model for impedance is presented to describe the effects of soil on tank structures.A mechanical model for the soil-foundation-tank-liquid-baffle system with small amount of calculation and high accuracy is proposed using the substructure *** analytical solutions are in comparison with data from reported literature and numerical codes to validate the effectiveness and correctness of the *** dynamic properties and seismic responses of the soil-tank system are given for the baffle number,size and location as well as soil parameter.

关键词： cylindrical tanks multiple annular baffles equivalent analytical model soil−structure interaction subdomain method dynamic response

Dynamic prediction of over-excavation gap due to posture adjustment of shield machine in soft soil

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Underground Space 2024年第3期16卷 44-58页

作者： Wenyu Yang Junjie Zheng Rongjun Zhang Sijie Liu Wengang Zhang School of civil and Hydraulic engineering Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074China School of civil engineering Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430072China School of civil engineering Chongqing UniversityChongqing 400045China

The probability analysis of ground deformation is becoming a trend to estimate and control the risk brought by shield *** gap parameter is regarded as an effective tool to estimate the ground loss of tunnelling in soft *** specifically,x,which is a gap parameter component defined as the over(or insufficient)excavation due to the change in the posture of the shield machine,may contribute more to the uncertainty of the ground ***,the existing uncertainty characterization methods for x have several limitations and cannot explain the uncertain correlations between the relevant *** these lines,to better characterize the uncertainty of x,the multivariate probability distribution was developed in this work and a dynamic prediction was proposed for *** attain this goal,1523 rings of the field data coming from the shield tunnel between Longqing Road and Baiyun Road in Kunming Metro Line 5 were utilized and 44 parameters including the construction,stratigraphic,and posture parameters were collected to form the *** to the variance filter method,the mutual information method,and the value of the correlation coefficients,the original 44 parameters were reduced to 10 main parameters,which were unit weight,the stoke of the jacks(A,B,C,and D groups),the pressure of the pushing jacks(A,C groups),the chamber pressure,the rotation speed,and the total *** multivariate probability distribution was constructed based on the Johnson system of ***,the distribution was satisfactorily verified in explaining the pairwise correlation between x and other parameters through 2 million simulation *** last,the distribution was used as a prior distribution to update the marginal distribution of x with any group of the relevant parameters *** performance of the dynamic prediction was further validated by the field data of 3 shield tunnel cases.

关键词： Shield tunnel Ground loss Gap parameter Multivariate probability distribution Bayesian updating Dynamic prediction

Mechanical performance of cold mix asphalt containing cup lump rubber as a sustainable bio-modifier

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Journal of Traffic and Transportation engineering(English Edition) 2024年第3期11卷 424-440页

作者： Syed Abdul Ghafar Muhammad Naqiuddin Mohd Warid Norhidayah Abdul Hassan Zulfiqar Ali Jattak Ashraf Abdalla Mohammed Radwan Faculty of civil engineering Universiti Teknologi MalaysiaSkudai 81310Malaysia Department of civil engineering Balochistan University of Information TechnologyEngineering&Management SciencesQuettaPakistan Department of civil engineering Balochistan University of Engineering and TechnologyKhuzdarPakistan Department of civil engineering Faculty of EngineeringUniversity of TripoliTripoliLibya

The road construction industry aims to contribute to the protection of already compromised *** mix asphalt(CMA)is a measure initiated by the road industry to protect the environment and preserve *** having additional benefits,CMA has attracted little attention due to its inferior ***'s performance is enhanced using a sustainable binder bio-modifier,natural cup lump rubber(CLR)is one of *** study evaluated the tensile properties,rutting,moisture susceptibility,and adhesion properties of CLR-modified CMA(CMA-CR).The tensile property was enhanced by 26%due to CLR ***-CR had excellent rutting resistance of less than 2 mm rut depth at 10,000 load cycles,showing 70%improvement compared with conventional *** susceptibility evaluation indicated that CMA-CR had tensile strength ratio(TSR)value of 104%,satisfying the minimum 80%requirement of AASHTO *** also retained more than 96%bitumen *** moisture damage resistance was improved by 12%and 10%in terms of TSR and stripping,*** durability results revealed that the CMA-CR mixture prevented higher mass loss,representing 14%improvement compared with conventional CMA.

关键词： Cup lump rubber Cup lump modified cold mix asphalt Moisture damage Tensile property Rutting Digital imaging