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Molecular Epidemiological Characteristics of Streptococcus pyogenes Strains Involved in an Outbreak of Scarlet Fever in China,2011

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2013年第11期26卷 877-885页

作者： YOU Yuan Hai SONG Yan Yan YAN Xiao Mei WANG Hai Bin ZHANG Meng Han TAO Xiao Xia Li Lei Lei ZHANG Yu Xin JIANG Xi Hong ZHANG Bing Hua ZHOU Hao XIAO Di JIN Lian Mei FENG Zi Jian LUO Feng Ji ZHANG Jian Zhong Collabroative Innovation Center for Diagnosis Treatment of Infectious disease State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and ControlNational Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention Chaoyang District Center for disease control and Prevention Beijing Suzhou City Center for disease control and Prevention office of disease control and emergency response Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention Harbin Municipal Center for disease control and Prevention

Objective To investigate molecular characterization of streptococcus pyogenes isolates involved in an outbreak of scarlet fever in China in 2011. Methods Seventy-four 5treptococcol pyogenes involved in an outbreak of scarlet fever were isolated from pediatric patients in the areas with high incidence in China from May to August of 2011. Emm genotyping, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis （PFGE）, superantigen （SAg） genes and antimicrobial susceptibility profiling were analyzed for these isolates. Results A total of 4 different emm types were identified. Emm12 was the most prevalent type which contained four predominating PFGE patterns corresponding to four different virulence and superantigen profiles. Emm12（79.7%） and emml （14.9%） accounted for approximately 94% of all the isolates. The speA gene was all negative in emm12 isolates and positive in emml isolates. All strains were resistant to erythromycin, and 89.4% of them were resistant to erythromycin, tracycline, and clindamycin simultaneously. Conclusion Several highly diversified clones with a high macrolide resistance rate comprise a predominant proportion of circulating strains, though no new emm type was found in this outbreak. The data provide a baseline for further surveillance of scarlet fever, which may contribute to the explanation of the outbreak and development of a GAS vaccine in China.

关键词： Scarlet fever Streptococcus pyogenes Molecular epidemiology

Chemotherapy-based control of Ascariasis and Hookworm in Highly Endemic Areas of China:Field Observations and a Modeling Analysis

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2012年第3期25卷 272-281页

作者： WANG Jun LI Hua Zhong CHEN Ying Dan LIU Chang Hua TANG Lin Hua National Institute of Parasitic disease Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention Shanghai 200025 China Center for Drug Evaluation SFDA Beijing 100038 China office for disease control and emergency response Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention Beijing 102206 China Sichuan Center for disease control and Prevention Chengdu 610041 Sichuan China

Objective Our objective was to systematically evaluate chemotherapy-based control of ascariasis and hookworm infection and make predictions of the effectiveness of repeated mass treatment at different levels of coverage in highly endemic areas of China. Methods Field surveys were carried out to acquire the ascariasis and hookworm prevalence and intensity （mean worm burden） at baseline, one month and one year later. We calculated model parameters based on the survey data, then incorporated them into a quantitative framework to predict the prevalence and intensity one year later. Sensitivity analyses were performed to assess the influence of the chemotherapy measures on prevalence and intensity, and model simulations were performed to evaluate the feasibility of achieving the proposed transmission control criteria under different chemotherapy measures. Results The predicted prevalence and intensity one year from baseline were within the 95% confidence interval of actual values. As treatment frequency or coverage increased, the prevalence and intensity decreased. Model simulations show that many rounds of treatment are needed to maintain the prevalence at a low level in highly endemic areas of China. Conclusion We should select different combinations of treatment frequency, coverage and drug efficacy according to available resources and practical attainable conditions. Mathematical modeling could be used to help optimize the chemotherapeutic scheme aiming at specific parasitic species and areas, and to direct the establishment of soil-transmitted helminthiasis control criteria in China.

关键词： Ascariasis Hookworm Chemotherapy Field survey Mathematical modeling

Utilization of Smoking Cessation Support Among Adults-18 PLADs,China,2020

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China CDC weekly 2023年第21期5卷 459-463,I0001-I0003页

作者： Yongfu Yan Bingliang Lin Qingqing Xu Huiyu Xie Xinying Zeng Xinbo Di Zida Meng Lin Xiao Shiwei Liu Tobacco control office Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijingChina

Summary What is already known about this topic?In 2018,unassisted smoking cessation(USC)was the predominant method for quitting smoking among Chinese adult smokers,accounting for 90.1%of *** utilization of professional smoking cessation support was comparatively low in this *** was added by this report?In 2020,the prevalence of USC methods increased to 93.1%.Concurrently,there was a slight increase in the utilization of pharmaceuticals(from 4.6%in 2018 to 5.5%in 2020)and counseling and quit line services(from 3.2%in 2018 to 7.5%in 2020).On the other hand,the use of e-cigarettes as a cessation aid decreased from 14.9%in 2018 to 9.8%in *** aged 15–24 years old were more likely to rely on pharmaceutical interventions(7.9%),and less likely to choose USC methods(79.0%).What are the implications for public health practice?The promotion of professional cessation support is essential for enhancing smoking cessation rates.

关键词： services likely smoke

Evaluation of Smoking Cessation Intervention Effectiveness in Smoking Cessation Clinics-China,2019–2021

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China CDC weekly 2023年第21期5卷 469-474页

作者： Li Xie Yongfu Yan Yan Yang Yi Nan Lin Xiao Tobacco control office Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijingChina

Summary What is already known about this topic?Since 2014,the Chinese government has advocated for the development of smoking cessation clinics(SCCs)within each provincial-level administrative division(PLAD).What is added by this report?In the 2019–2021 period,the self-reported 7-day point prevalence of abstinence rates(PPAR)at 1-month and 3-month follow-up were 26.2%and 23.5%,*** are the implications for public health practice?The interventions implemented by SCCs in this investigation proved to be *** is imperative to employ extensive tobacco control strategies in order to enhance the motivation of smokers to seek assistance for cessation from SCCs.

关键词： smoke motivation has

Cigarette Use and Secondhand Smoke Exposure Among Secondary School Students—China,2023

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China CDC weekly 2024年第22期6卷 509-515页

作者： Xinying Zeng Shiwei Liu Lin Xiao Tobacco control office Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijingChina

What is already known about this topic?In 2021,the prevalence of experimental and current cigarette use among secondary school students in China stood at 16.7%and 4.7%,***,39.9%of these students were exposed to secondhand smoke at *** is added by this report?In comparison to 2021,the prevalence of current cigarette use remained unchanged at 4.2%in 2023,whereas experimental use declined to 13.7%.Notably,rates were significantly higher among vocational senior high school(VSHS)students relative to their peers in senior high school(SHS)and junior high school(JHS).Furthermore,exposure to secondhand smoke in schools decreased to 35.4%in 2023 from previously recorded levels,with more pronounced reductions observed in JHS and SHS populations and no notable change among VSHS *** are the implications for public health practice?Targeted tobacco control policies are imperative for secondary school students,including the establishment of smoke-free school ***,it is crucial to pay close attention to the needs of VSHS students.

关键词： smoke unchanged senior

The Trend of Smoking-Related Cognition and Its Association with Smoking Behaviors Among Junior High School Students—China,2013–2021

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China CDC weekly 2024年第22期6卷 503-508页

作者： Wenzhao Liu Xinying Zeng Qi Su Lin Xiao Shiwei Liu Tobacco control office Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijingChina

What is already known about this topic?In 2013,31.61%of students perceived quitting smoking as difficult,61.73%considered smoking less attractive,and 73.89%believed that secondhand smoke is definitely harmful to *** is added by this report?The percentage of students who perceived quitting smoking as difficult increased from 31.61%in 2013 to 38.83%in 2021,while the percentage of students who found smoking less attractive rose from 61.73%to 69.40%.Conversely,there was a decrease in the percentage of students who perceived secondhand smoke as harmful,from 73.89%to 68.46%.An increased awareness of the hazards of secondhand smoke was associated with a reduction in smoking *** are the implications for public health practice?It is imperative to enhance health education efforts that aim to raise awareness of the hazards of secondhand smoke.

关键词： smoke attractive Junior

Immune control Strategies for Vaccinia Virus-related Laboratory-acquired Infections

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2014年第2期27卷 142-146页

作者： WEI Qiang JIANG Meng Nan HAN Jun WANG Zi Jun office of Laboratory Management Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention National Institute for Virus disease control and Prevention

While presenting biological characteristics of vaccinia virus and laboratory-acquired infections during related research processes, this paper focuses on benefits and risks of vaccinia virus immunization in relation to laboratory-acquired infections, describes characteristics and the adaptation of vaccinia virus vaccine, analyses the role vaccinia virus immunization plays in the prevention and control of laboratory-acquired infections, and finally proposes solutions and countermeasures to further promote and implement immune control strategies. The problem related to immune strategy and laboratory- acquired infections which is being raised, analyzed and explored plays an active and instructive role in vaccinia virus related researches and laboratory- acquired infections, and also helps to recommend and develop relevant immune strategy for future vaccine control of such infections.

关键词： Immune control Strategies for Vaccinia Virus-related Laboratory-acquired Infections

Can patients with mild non-neoplastic lesions diagnosed at baseline screening be safely exempt from surveillance: evidence from multicenter community-based cohorts

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Science China Life Sciences 2025年第1期 263-271页

作者： Siyi He Zhiyi Zhang Guohui Song Zhenhai Wang Chunyun Dai Shipeng Yan Kun Jiang Bingbing Song He Li Maomao Cao Dianqin Sun Fan Yang Xinxin Yan Shaoli Zhang Yi Teng Qianru Li Changfa Xia Wanqing Chen office of Cancer Screening National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Department of Gastroenterology Gansu Wuwei Tumor Hospital Cixian Cancer Institute Linzhou Cancer Hospital Center for disease control and Prevention of Sheyang County Department of Cancer Prevention and control Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of MedicineCentral South University Luoshan Center for disease control and Prevention office for Cancer control and Research Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Harbin Medical University

Surveillance recommendations for gastric cancer（GC） in current guidelines focused on advanced precancerous lesions and were based on precise diagnosis of severity/extent of baseline lesions. We aimed to develop a less endoscopy-related equipment-dependent risk-stratification tool, and assessed whether mild-precursor-lesion patients can be safely exempt from surveillance. In the multicenter communitybased cohort, 75,051 participants receiving baseline endoscopy were enrolled during 2015–2017 and followed-up until 2021. Cumulative incidence rates（CIRs） of GC for precancerous-conditions were calculated by Kaplan-Meier method and compared by Log-rank tests. Mixedeffects Cox regression models were used to detect potential factors for progression towards GC. A risk score was calculated as counts of selected factors. An independent cohort, including 26,586 participants was used for external validation. During a median follow-up of 6.25 years, CIRs of GC were 0.302%, 0.436%, and 4.756% for normal group, non-neoplastic（atrophic gastritis/intestinal metaplasia） and neoplastic lesions（low-grade/high-grade dysplasia）, respectively(Ptrend<0.001). Four predictors, including male, ≥60 years, smoking, and limited vegetable consumption, were selected for risk-stratification. High-risk patients（≥3 risk factors） with non-neoplastic lesions showed higher GC risks（adjusted HR=7.73, 95%CI: 4.29–13.92）, and their four-year CIR reached the one-year CIR of neoplastic lesions. Further categorizing non-neoplastic lesions by histological grade, both patients with moderate-to-severe lesions（aHR=3.07, 95%CI: 1.67–5.64） and high-risk patients with mild lesions（aHR=7.29, 95%CI: 3.58–14.86） showed higher risks. Consistent trends were observed in validation cohort. High-risk mild-precursor-lesion patients should receive surveillance within 3–5 years after baseline screening. Our study provides evidence on supplementing current guideline recommendations.

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Population-Based Survey of Secondhand Smoke Exposure in China

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2010年第6期23卷 430-436页

作者： LIN XIAO YAN YANG QIANG LI CONG-XIAO WANG GONG-HUAN YANG National Tobacco control office Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijing 100050China

Objective To determine the extent of secondhand smoke exposure in China, and to explore the potential associated factors. Methods This study was a nationally representative household survey examining secondhand smoke exposure of non-institutionalized men and women aged 15 and older using a global standardized geographically clustered sample design. A total of 13 354 people completed the individual questionnaire with questions on gender, age, educational level, residence, profession, potential factors associated with secondhand smoke exposure, and workplace smoking policy. The data were used to determine whole population estimates of secondhand smoke exposure. Results Among non-smokers aged 15 years and older, it was estimated that 72.4% （556 million） were exposed to secondhand smoke, with 52.5% （292 million） exposed to secondhand smoke daily. The prevalence of secondhand smoke exposure was 74.1% for men, 71.6% for women, 70.5% for urban populations, and 74.2% for rural populations. The rates were 67.3%, 63.3%, and 72.7% respectively, within the household, indoor workplaces and public places. Secondhand smoke exposure was significantly reduced in workplaces with a smoking ban but not in workplaces with a partial smoking ban. Conclusion Although China has made some progress toward a smoke-free environment there remains a high degree of exposure to secondhand smoke.

关键词： Secondhand smoke China Workplace