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Micro RNA biomarkers predicting risk,initiation and progression of colorectal cancer

World Journal of Gastroenterology 2016年第33期22卷 7389-7401页

作者： Kyungjin Lee Lynnette R Ferguson Medical Programme and discipline of nutrition and dietetics and Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre Faculty of Medical and Health ScienceThe University of Auckland discipline of nutrition and dietetics and Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre Faculty of Medical and Health ScienceThe University of Auckland

Colorectal cancer is a major global cause of morbidity and mortality. Current strategies employed to increase detection of early,curable stages of this disease are contributing to a reduction of the negative health impact from it. While there is a genetic component to the risk of disease,diet and environment are known to have major effects on the risk of an individual for developing the disease. However,there is the potential to reduce the impact of this disease further b y preventing disease develop ment. Biomarkers which can either predict the risk for or early stages of colorectal cancer could allow intervention at a time when prospects could be modified by environmental factors,including lifestyle and diet choices. Thus,such biomarkers could be used to identify high risk individuals who would benefit from lifestyle and dietary interventions to prevent this disease. This review will give an overview on one type of biomarker in the form of micro RNAs,which have the potential to predict an individual's risk for colorectal cancer,as well as providing a highly sensitive and non-invasive warning of disease presence and/or progression. Micro RNA biomarkers which have been studied and whose levels look promising for this purpose include Mi R-18 a,Mi R-21,Mi R-92 a,Mi R-135 b,Mi R-760,Mi R-601. Not only have several individual micro RNAs appeared promising as biomarkers,but panels of these may be even more useful. Furthermore,understanding dietary sources and ways of dietary modulation of these micro RNAs might be fruitful in reducing the incidence and slowing the progression of colorectal cancer.

关键词： Biomarkers Epigenetics Risk Colorectal cancer Predisposition MicroRNA

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Fish oils in parenteral nutrition: Why could these be important for gastrointestinal oncology?

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2015年第9期7卷 128-131页

作者： Lynnette R Ferguson ACSRC/discipline of nutrition and dietetics School of Medical Sciences Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences the University of Auckland

By the time a gastroenterology patient is moved to parenteral nutrition, he or she is usually in poor health. All parenteral nutrition formulae contain essen-tial nutrients, avoiding components that could cause an adverse reaction. The lipid component is often provided by a soy extract, containing all the fatty acids considered to be essential in the diet. Several trials have considered parenteral nutrition formulas with added fish oils, high in the long chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, eicosapentaenoic acid(EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid(DHA). Given the range of biological functions associated with such compounds, especially in reducing inflammatory symptoms, this move would appear rational. However, while data from such trials are often positive, there has been variability among results. Some of this variability could be caused by environmental contaminants in the fish, and/or oxidation of the lipids because of poor storage. The situation is complicated by a recent report that fish oils may counter the effects of platinum chemotherapy. However, this effect associated with a minor component, hexadeca-4,7,10,13-tetraenoic acid. It is suggested that pure DHA and EPA would be beneficial additions to parenteral nutrition, reducing the probability of carcinogenesis and enhancing rational disease management. However, the jury is still out on fish oils more generally.

关键词： Inflammatory bowel diseases Colorectal cancer Fish

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Childhood inflammatory bowel disease: Parental concerns and expectations

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2005年第7期11卷 1028-1031页

作者： AS Day KE Whitten TD Bohane Department of Gastroenterology Department of nutrition and dietetics

AIM: To document the concerns and expectations of parents of children with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)within the context of a multidisciplinary IBD clinic, and to highlight the importance of a holistic approach to the care of these ***: The parents of 60 children with IBD were surveyed by mailed questionnaire. Parents were asked to provide details of their concerns regarding their child's condition and to express their expectations of medical care. In addition, enquiry was made in respect to the respondents' learning about ***: Forty-six questionnaires (77%) returned. Fiftytwo percent of the patients were male. Patients were aged a mean of 10.9 (±4.1) years and diagnosed at an average age of 2.1 (±1.8) years previously. The most common concerns expressed by the parents related to the side- effects of medications and the future prospects for their child. Overall, parents were satisfied with aspects of care within the IBD clinic but many suggested additional personnel such as counselors or educators should be available. Parents also reported the need for continuing education and easy access to up-to-date ***: Parents of children and adolescents with IBD have many common concerns regarding their child's condition. On-going attention to holistic care, including psychosocial and educational elements for patients and families, is appropriate in the context of the chronic and unpredictable nature of IBD.

关键词： Children Inflammatory bowel disease Parents Clinic

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Antioxidant and ntiinflammatory efficacy of curcumin on lung tissue in rats with sepsis

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Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine 2020年第5期40卷 820-826页

作者： Emel Aktaş Hilal Yildiran Faculty of Health Sciences Department of Nutrition and DieteticsKarabük UniversityKarabük 78000Turkey Faculty of Health Sciences Department of Nutrition and DieteticsGazi UniversityAnkara 06500Turkey

OBJECTIVE:To detect antioxidant and antiinflammatory efficacy of Curcumin(Cur)on lung tissue in rats with ***:Totally 32 rats were divided into 4 groups;the rats in Group 1(control group)had abdominal incision under sterile conditions following anesthesia and the abdomen was *** incision was performed in the rats in Group 2(Cur group)under sterile conditions following anesthesia and the abdomen was *** was given to this group after dissolving within dimethylsulphoxide as 100 mg/kg through oral gavage and started for 3 d before surgical *** 3(CLP group)had caecal ligation and punction(CLP)under sterile conditions to create sepsis following anesthesia and the abdomen was *** was performed in the rats in Group 4(CLP+Cur group)under sterile conditions following anesthesia to create a sepsis model and the abdomen was *** was also given to this group after dissolving within dimethylsulphoxide as 100 mg/kg through oralgavageandstartedfor3 d before surgical *** the rats were sacrificed through blood aspiration from the heart under sterile conditions following anesthesia and lung tissues were removed after 24 h following the surgical *** tissue samples were homogenizated for biochemical analyses;and malondialdehyde(MDA),nitric okxide(NO),myeloperoxidase(MPO),superoxidedysmutase(SOD)nd catalase(CAT)were analyzed through spectrophotometric method,immunhistochemical i NOS staining was performed to assess the inflammation;and histopathological differences between the groups were ***:A statistically significant decrease was detected in the CLP+Cur group when compared with the CLP group of which Cur was not given in terms of MDA,MPO and NO levels(P<0.05)whereas a statistically significant elevation was fpund in the CLP+Cur group when compared with the CLP group in terms of SOD and CAT levels(P<0.05).CONCLUSION:The study outcomes revealed that supplementation of Cur presents an antioxidan

关键词： Curcumin Sepsis Anti-inflammatory agents Antioxidants Nitric Oxide Synthase TypeⅡ

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Dietary supplementation in patients with alcoholic liver disease: a review on current evidence

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2016年第4期15卷 348-360页

作者： Zeinab Ghorbani Masoomeh Hajizadeh Azita Hekmatdoost Department of Clinical nutrition and dietetics Faculty of Nutrition and Food TechnologyNational Nutrition and Food TechnologyResearch Institute Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences

BACKGROUND：Alcoholic liver disease（ALD）is one of the main causes of liver disease *** the pathogenesis of ALD has not yet been well elucidated,the oxidative metabolites of ethanol such as acetaldehyde and reactive oxygen species play a pivotal role in the clinical and pathological spectrum of the *** review summarizes the existing evidences on dietary supplements considered to have antioxidant,and/or anti-inflammatory properties,and their role in the management of ALD and the proposed *** SOURCES：The present study reviewed all studies published in Pub Med,Science Direct and Scopus,from 1959 to2015,indicating the role of different dietary supplementation in attenuation of many pathophysiological processes involved in development and progression of ***-texts of citations were used except for those that were published in languages other than ***：Significant progress has been made to understand the key events and molecular players for the onset and progression of ALD from both experimental and clinical studies;however,there is no successful treatment currently *** present review discussed the role of a variety of dietary supplements（*** A,carotenoids,vitamins B3,C and E,in addition to antioxidants and anti-inflammatory agents）in treating *** has been shown that supplementation with some carotenoids,vitamin B3,vitamin C,silymarin,curcumin,probiotics,zinc,S-adenosylmethionine and garlic may havepotential beneficial effects in animal models of ALD;however,the number of clinical studies is very *** addition,supplementation should be accompanied with alcohol ***：Since oxidative stress and inflammation are involved in the pathogenesis of ALD,dietary supplements that can modulate these pathologies could be useful in the treatment of *** addition to alcohol cessation,these supplements have shown beneficial effects on animal models of *** trials are needed to validate t

关键词： alcoholic liver disease fatty liver dietary supplements antioxidants nutrition diet

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The effect of caloric restriction on genetical pathways

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Food Science and Human Wellness 2023年第5期12卷 1450-1457页

作者： Mustafa Fevzi Karagöz A.Gülçin Sağdıçoğlu Celep Faculty of Health Sciences Department of Nutrition and DieteticsGazi UniversityÇankaya 06490Turkey

Energy restriction is defined as reducing nutrient intake without dragging the organism into malnutrition. Energy restriction is preferred because it is a non-genetic intervention that increases life expectancy. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide(NAD~+)and adenosine monophosphate(AMP)levels, which are the indicators of intracellular energy deficiency, increase with energy restriction. The increase in NAD~+ level stimulates sirtuin(SIRT)enzymes, and the increase in AMP level stimulates AMP-activated protein kinase(AMPK). Various mechanisms are regulated by stimulating these enzymes. By Forkhead box O(FoxO)transcription factors, the ability of resistance to oxidative stress increases, and antioxidant genes, DNA repair, and autophagy genes are stimulated. Apoptosis is induced by stimulation of the p53 protein, and tumor growth is suppressed by the disruption of aging cells. The suppression of phosphoinositide 3-kinase(PI3K)-/-Akt, and therefore mTOR signal stimulates autophagy and mitophagia, and cleanses damaged cells and organelles. Mitochondrial biogenesis is stimulated, antioxidant capacity increases, and inflammatory response decreases. Adipose tissue and lipid metabolism are regulated by the regulation of fatty acid synthesis and oxidation. As a consequence, the effects of caloric restriction on cellular metabolism are regulated through the genetic pathways.

关键词： Caloric restriction Energy restriction Sirtuin AMPK Mitochondrial biogenesis

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Dietary and socio-economic factors in relation to Helicobacter pylori re-infection

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第9期15卷 1119-1125页

作者： Mirosaw Jarosz Ewa Rychlik Magdalena Siuba Wioleta Respondek Magorzata Ryzko-Skiba Iwona Sajór Sylwia Gugaa Tomasz Bazejczyk Janusz Ciok Department of dietetics and nutrition in Hospitals with Clinic of Metabolic Diseases and Gastroenterology National Food and Nutrition Institute02-903 WarsawPoland

AIM:To examine if dietary and socio-economic factors contribute to Helicobacter pylori(H pylori)re-infection. METHODS:The population of patients consisted of subjects in whom H pylori infection had been successfully treated in the *** were divided into two groups:Ⅰ-examined group(111 persons with H pylori re-infection)andⅡ-control group(175 persons who had not been re-infected).The respondents were interviewed retrospectively on their dietary habits and socio-economic factors. RESULTS:A statistically significant lower frequency of fermented dairy products(P<0.0001),vegetables (P=0.02),and fruit(P=0.008)consumption was noted among patients with H pylori re-infection as compared to those who had not been re-infected. CONCLUSION:High dietary intake of probiotic bacteria,mainly Lactobacillus,and antioxidants,mainly vitamin C(contained in fruit and vegetables),might decrease the risk of H pylori re-infection.

关键词： nutrition Probiotics Helicobacter pylori re-infection Vitamin C Lifestyle factors

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Recent advances in understanding of interactions between genes and diet in the etiology of colorectal cancer

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2010年第3期2卷 125-129页

作者： Lynnette R Ferguson discipline of nutrition University of Auckland

At an international level, colorectal cancer (CRC) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Diet plays a major etiologic role, and a range of putative dietary carcinogens have been identified. The probability with which these lead to mutations, and thereby cause cancer, is strongly impacted by variants in genes coding for xenobiotic metabolizing or DNA repair enzymes. Nutrient def iciencies also play a role, which will be exacerbated by variants in metabolic genes. However, many of the causal genes in sporadic CRC have hitherto proved elusive. The power of large international collabor ations, coupled with genome-wide association studies, has implicated a major functional role of the tumour growth factor-β pathway in CRC susceptibility. Nutrient regulation of gene expression may be especially important here. Future large collaborative studies must consider gene-gene and gene-diet interactions, coupled with high throughput genomic technologies, in order to uncover the relative roles of genetic variants, mutagenic xenobiotics, nutrient imbalance and gene expression in the etiology of CRC.

关键词： Transforming growth factor β Colorectal cancer Single nucleotide polymorphisms Genome wide association studies Gene expression

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Production and evaluation of microbiological & rheological characteristics of kefir beverages made from nuts

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Food Bioscience 2023年第2期52卷 236-244页

作者： Emine Mine Comak Gocer Ebru Koptagel Department of nutrition and dietetics Faculty of Health SciencesAkdeniz UniversityAntalyaTurkey

Herein we report the preparation of nut milks followed by kefir production from Almond,peanut,hazelnut,walnut,and ***-based milks were used to make kefir from 100% vegetable milk without food additives or *** 30 days of storage at 4℃,the microbiological(total aerobic mesophilic bacteria,lactobacilli,lactococci,acetic acid bacteria,yeast)and rheological(apparent viscosity,consistency constant,flow behavior index,thixotropy)parameters of kefir samples made from cow’s milk and nut-based milk were monitored and compared to examine the effects of different milk types and storage *** titratable acidity value of nut kefirs was lower than cow *** from walnut milk had the lowest titratable acidity value(0.15%),lowest apparent viscosity(3.3 mPa s)and consistency coefficient(682.1 ***).Titratable acidity values of the samples increased while apparent viscosity,thixotropy,flow behavior index and consistency coefficient decreased during *** to the power-law model,the kefir samples exhibited non-Newtonian pseudoplastic flow *** apparent viscosity values of peanut and almond kefirs were higher among the prepared samples(p<0.05).The total number of aerobic mesophilic,lactic acid and acetic acid bacteria of kefir samples decreased during storage,while the number of yeasts *** made from cow’s milk had the highest average total aerobic mesophilic bacteria,lactococci,lactobacilli,and acetic acid bacteria counts,whereas kefir made from peanut milk had the highest yeast count(p<0.05).During storage the lowest decrease(%)in the counts of microorganism was determined in almond kefir(4.06%),followed by cow(5.16%),walnut(5.73%),peanut(6.72%),cashew(7.78%),and hazelnut kefirs(9.53%).

关键词： Nut milk Kefir analysis Plant-based milk Milk alternative Innovative foods

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Association between sarcopenic obesity and higher risk of type 2 diabetes in adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis

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World Journal of Diabetes 2019年第5期10卷 311-323页

作者： Dima Khadra Leila Itani Hana Tannir Dima Kreidieh Dana El Masri Marwan El Ghoch Department of nutrition and dietetics Faculty of Health Sciences Beirut Arab University

BACKGROUND The coexistence of sarcopenia and obesity is referred to as sarcopenic obesity(SO)and it has been hypothesized that the two components of SO may synergistically increase their negative effects. However, many uncertainties still surround this condition especially with regard to its potential negative effects on health *** To conduct a systematic review to determine the prevalence of sarcopenia among adults with overweight and obesity and to investigate whether SO was associated with a higher risk of type 2 diabetes(T2 D).METHODS This study was conducted in adherence with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Literature searches, study selection, methodology development and quality appraisal were performed independently by two authors and the data were collated by means of metaanalysis and narrative *** Of the 606 articles retrieved, 11 studies that comprised a total of 60118 adults with overweight and obesity of both genders met the inclusion criteria and were reviewed, revealing two main findings. First, the overall prevalence of sarcopenia is 43% in females and 42% in males who are with overweight and ***, the presence of SO increases the risk of T2D by 38% with respect to those without SO(OR = 1.38, 95%CI: 1.27-1.50).CONCLUSION A high prevalence of sarcopenia has been found among adults with overweight and obesity regardless of their gender and this condition seems to be associatedwith a higher risk of T2D. Clinician should be aware of this scenario in their clinical practice for the better management of both obesity and T2D.

关键词： Obesity Overweight Sarcopenia Type 2 diabetes Reduced lean body mass

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