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The scope for manipulating the polyunsaturated fatty acid content of beef:a review

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2016年第3期7卷 299-311页

作者： Payam Vahmani Cletos Mapiye Nuria Prieto David C.Rolland Tim A.Mc Allister Jennifer L.Aalhus Michael E.R.Dugan Agriculture and Agri-food Canada Lacombe Research Centre Department of Animal sciences Faculty of Agri SciencesStellenbosch University Department of Agricultural Food and Nutritional SciencesUniversity of Alberta Agriculture and Agri-food Canada Lethbridge Research Centre

Since 1950, links between intake of saturated fatty acids and heart disease have led to recommendations to limit consumption of saturated fatty acid-rich foods, including beef. Over this time, changes in food consumption patterns in several countries including Canada and the USA have not led to improvements in health. Instead, the incidence of obesity, type II diabetes and associated diseases have reached epidemic proportions owing in part to replacement of dietary fat with refined carbohydrates. Despite the content of saturated fatty acids in beef, it is also rich in heart healthy cis-monounsaturated fatty acids, and can be an important source of long-chain omega-3（n-3） fatty acids in populations where little or no oily fish is consumed. Beef also contains polyunsaturated fatty acid biohydrogenation products,including vaccenic and rumenic acids, which have been shown to have anticarcinogenic and hypolipidemic properties in cell culture and animal models. Beef can be enriched with these beneficial fatty acids through manipulation of beef cattle diets, which is now more important than ever because of increasing public understanding of the relationships between diet and health. The present review examines recommendations for beef in human diets, the need to recognize the complex nature of beef fat, how cattle diets and management can alter the fatty acid composition of beef, and to what extent content claims are currently possible for beef fatty acids.

关键词： Beef Biohydrogenation products Lipids n-3 fatty acids Rumenic acid Vaccenic acid

Application of naturalβ-glucans as biocompatible functional nanomaterials

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food Science and Human Wellness 2019年第4期8卷 315-319页

作者： Xiaojie Li Peter Chi Keung Cheung food and nutritional sciences School of Life SciencesThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina

Naturally-occurringβ-glucans are mostly investigated for their antitumor activity and immunomodulatory *** have been widely regarded as a natural source for functional foods and ***,the physico-chemically stable and biocompatible properties ofβ-glucans are rarely explored as a coating material for nanomaterials to overcome the problems of aggregation and *** article reviews on the exploration ofβ-glucans,in particular those derived from mushrooms,as a natural coating material to modify the surface properties of bioactive substances as a relatively simple and cost-effective strategy to produce stable and biocompatible nanohybrids used for biopharmaceutical *** is envisaged that suchβ-glucan-based coating method will provide new opportunities to design biocompatible functional nanomaterials for wider clinical applications.

关键词： β-Glucans Biocompatibility Biopharmaceuticals Nanohybrids

Effects of titanium dioxide nanoparticles on intestinal commensal bacteria

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2016年第1期27卷 106-110页

作者： Li-Ying Liu Li Sun Zeng-Tao Zhong Jun Zhu Hai-Yun Song College of Life sciences Nanjing Agriculture University Key Laboratory of food Safety Research Institute for Nutritional Sciences Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of food Safety Risk Assessment Ministry of Health

Nanomaterials and nanotechnology have great potential in the biological and biomedical field. Recent studies reveal that many nanomaterials possess antibacterial activities. While most of these studies focus on the ability of nanomaterials to inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria in vitro, few of them test the effects of nanomaterials on intestinal commensal bacteria. Here, we report that Ti O_2nanoparticles(10, 50 and 100 nm in size) can inhibit the growth of Drosophila intestinal commensal bacteria in vitro. This activity depends on the dosage or size, but is independent of the photocatalytic activity of Ti O_2 nanoparticles. Surprisingly, dietary Ti O_2 nanoparticles of the same dosage fail to display similar effects in Drosophila larvae or adults. These flies show a normal amount of intestinal commensal bacteria, as well as a normal developmental cycle, energy store, and locomotor activity. These results imply that the antibacterial effect of Ti O_2 nanoparticles differs in vitro and in vivo.

关键词：二氧化钛纳米颗粒肠道细菌二氧化钛纳米粒子病原菌生长光催化活性纳米材料体外抑制共生细菌

Intestinal uptake of barley protein-based nanoparticles for β-carotene delivery

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2019年第1期9卷 87-96页

作者： Guangyu Liu Ying Zhou Lingyun Chen Department of Agricultural Food and Nutritional Science University of Alberta

Our previous study introduced a barley protein microparticle for encapsulation of hydrophobic drug/nutraceutical, which could release nanoparticles upon gastric digestion and deliver encapsulated compound to a simulated intestinal environment intact. This work focused on evaluating the potential of liberated nanoparticles to improve the absorption of encapsulated compounds(e.g., β-carotene) using in vitro Caco-2 cell and ex vivo small intestine models. Nanoparticles obtained from gastric digestion of barley protein microparticles had a spherical shape and an average size of 351 nm. Nanoparticles showed low cytotoxicity in Caco-2 cells and their cellular uptake was dependent on time, concentration and temperature. In a Caco-2 cell monolayer model, significantly greater uptake and transport of β-carotene were observed when it was delivered by nanoparticles(15%), compared to free β-carotene suspension(2.6%). In an ex vivo rat jejunum model, nanoparticles showed the capacity to retain in small intestinal tissue. Approximately 2.24 and 6.04 μg nanoparticle were able to permeate through each cm2 intestinal tissue and translocate to the serosal side after 60 and 90 min, respectively. Results from this study demonstrated the absorption improving effect of the barley protein nanoparticles and suggested their potential as vehicles for hydrophobic compounds.

关键词： Barley protein Nanoparticles Hydrophobic Caco-2 cell Intestinal transport

Protein phase separation of plant nuclear pore complex

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Molecular Plant 2023年第6期16卷 973-974页

作者： Kentaro Tamura Masaya Koide School of food and nutritional sciences Department of Environmental and Life SciencesUniversity of ShizuokaShizuoka 422-8526Japan

The nuclear pore complex(NPC)is an evolutionally conserved channel that controls the exchange of macromolecules between the nucleus and *** pores of the NPC form a permeability barrier that allows free permeability of small molecules(<40 kDa or~5 nm in diameter)(Schmidt and Gorlich,2016).However,larger molecules must interact with nuclear transport receptors(NTRs)to overcome the NPC permeability barrier.

关键词： separation overcome pores

Immunomodulation of artemisinin and its derivatives

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Science Bulletin 2016年第18期61卷 1399-1406页

作者： Wenbo Yao Feng Wang Hui Wang Key Laboratory of food Safety Research Institute for Nutritional Sciences Shanghai Institutes for Biological SciencesChinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of sciences School of Life Science and Technology ShanghaiTech University Key Laboratory of food Safety Risk Assessment Ministry of Health

In the 1970 s, artemisinin(‘‘qinghaosu'' in Chinese), a sesquiterpene lactone with an unusual peroxide bridge, was isolated from Artemisia annua L. It showed promising antimalarial activity, particularly by eliminating parasites resistant to chloroquine. For more than 30 years,artemisinin has contributed to worldwide health as a new type of antimalarial drug. Artemisinin and its analogs, such as dihydroartemisinin, artemether, artesunate, artemiside,artemisone, and arteether, possess not only potent antimalarial activity but also anti-viral, antifungal, anticancer,and anti-inflammatory properties. In this review, we discuss the current understanding of how artemisinin and its analogs affect the immune system and immune-related diseases.

关键词： Artemisinin Immune system Immune-related diseases Macrophage T-cell B-cell

Methodological issues in the study of intestinal microbiota in irritable bowel syndrome

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第27期20卷 8821-8836页

作者： Valentina Taverniti Simone Guglielmetti Division of food Microbiology and Bioprocessing Department of Food Environmental and Nutritional Sciences Università degli Studi di Milano 20133 Milan Italy

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is an intestinal functional disorder with the highest prevalence in the industrialized world. The intestinal microbiota (IM) plays a role in the pathogenesis of IBS and is not merely a consequence of this disorder. Previous research efforts have not revealed unequivocal microbiological signatures of IBS, and the experimental results are contradictory. The experimental methodologies adopted to investigate the complex intestinal ecosystem drastically impact the quality and significance of the results. Therefore, to consider the methodological aspects of the research on IM in IBS, we reviewed 29 relevant original research articles identified through a PubMed search using three combinations of keywords: “irritable bowel syndrome + microflora”, “irritable bowel syndrome + microbiota” and “irritable bowel syndrome + microbiome”. For each study, we reviewed the quality and significance of the scientific evidence obtained with respect to the experimental method adopted. The data obtained from each study were compared with all considered publications to identify potential inconsistencies and explain contradictory results. The analytical revision of the studies referenced in the present review has contributed to the identification of microbial groups whose relative abundance significantly alters IBS, suggesting that these microbial groups could be IM signatures for this syndrome. The identification of microbial biomarkers in the IM can be advantageous for the development of new diagnostic tools and novel therapeutic strategies for the treatment of different subtypes of IBS.

关键词： Intestinal dysfunction Irritable bowel syndrome Intestinal microbiota Bifidobacteria New generation DNA sequencing

Geographic Classification of Chinese Grape Wines by Near-Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy

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Journal of Donghua University(English Edition) 2012年第1期29卷 40-45页

作者：赵芳赵育毛文华战吉宬 College of food Science and nutritional Engineering China Agricultural University Chinese Academy of Agricultural Mechanization sciences

Near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) was applied to classify grape wines of different geographical origins (Changli, Huailai, and Yantai, China). Near infrared (NIR) spectra were collected in transmission mode in the wavelength range of 800-2500 nm. Wines (n=90) were randomly split into two sets, calibration set (n=54) and validation set (n=36). Discriminant analysis models were developed using BP neural network and discriminant partial least-squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). The prediction performance of calibration models in different wavelength range was also investigated. BP neural network models and PLS-DA models correctly classified 100% of the wines in calibration set. When used to predict wines in validation set, BP neural network models correctly classified 100%, 81.8%, and 90.9% of the wines from Changli, Huailai, and Yantai respectively, and PLS-DA models correctly classified 100% of all samples. The results demonstrated that NIRS could be used to discriminate Chinese grape wines as a rapid and reliable method.

关键词： near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) Chinese grape wines discriminant analysis models BP neural network PLS-DA

Transcriptomics integrated with metabolomics reveals the mechanism of CaCl_(2)-HCl electrolyzed water-induced glucosinolate biosynthesis in broccoli sprouts

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food Science and Human Wellness 2024年第2期13卷 801-812页

作者： Cui Li Shuhui Song Yanan He Haijie Liu College of food Science and nutritional Engineering China Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100083China Institute of Agri-food Processing and Nutrition Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry SciencesBeijing 100097China

Glucosinolates are important phytochemicals in *** investigated the effect of CaCl_(2)-HCl electrolyzed water(CHEW)on glucosinolates biosynthesis in broccoli *** results showed that CHEW treatment significantly decreased reactive oxygen species(ROS)and malondialdeh yde(MDA)contents in broccoli *** the the 8^(th)day,compared to tap water treatment,the the total glucosinolate content of broccoli sprouts with CHEW treatment increased by 10.6%and calcium content was dramatically enhanced from 14.4 mg/g DW to 22.7 mg/g *** transcriptome and metabolome analyses revealed that CHEW treatment activated ROS and calcium signaling transduction pathways in broccoli sprouts and they interacted through MAPK ***,CHEW treatment not only promoted the biosynthesis of amino acids,but also enhanced the expression of structural genes in glucosinolate synthesis through transcription factors(MYBs,bHLHs,WRKYs,etc.).The results of this study provided new insights into the regulatory network of glucosinolates biosynthesis in broccoli sprouts under CHEW treatment.

关键词： Broccoli sprouts CaCl_(2)-HCl electrolyzed water Glucosinolates Transcriptomics Metabolomics