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Fabrication and evaluation of carboxymethyl guar gum-chitosan interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) nanoparticles for controlled drug delivery

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Medicine in Novel Technology and Devices 2024年第2期22卷 73-79页

作者： Chandrani Roy Arijit Gandhi Sreejan Manna Sougata Jana Department of Pharmaceutics Gupta College of Technological SciencesAshram MoreG.T.RoadAsansol713301West BengalIndia Department of Pharmaceutical Technology Brainware UniversityBarasatKolkataWest Bengal700125India Department of Health and Family Welfare Directorate of Health ServicesKolkataIndia

Guar gum(GG)has drawn more interest from researchers in the last several decades for the controlled delivery of drugs.The aim of the research is to fabricate and evaluate an interpenetrating polymer network(IPN)based nanocarriers system employing chemically modified GG to achieve controlled release of drug.In present study,we have reported the synthesis of carboxymethyl GG-chitosan IPN nanoparticles for controlled release of metformin hydrochloride.Carboxymethyl guar gum(CMGG)was synthesized and employed for developing IPN nanoparticles in combination with chitosan in varying polymeric ratios.A cross-linking agent,sodium tripolyphosphate(Na-TPP)was used for the synthesis of IPN colloidal suspension of nanoparticles which was lyophilized to obtain nanoparticles.The carboxymethylation of GG was confirmed through Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy.The mean particle size was 440.6 nm indicating a polydispersity index of 0.528.The drug entrapment efficiency was found to vary between 67.461.64%to 88.232.02%.The differential scanning calorimetry study revealed the presence of amorphous metformin hydrochloride as a homogenous dispersion in nanoparticles(NPs)matrix.In vitro drug release study indicated controlled release ability of developed IPN matrix.A2 formulation(chitosan:CMGG-1:1)exhibited 78.110.27%release after 8 h.Antidiabetic evaluation performed in alloxan-treated diabetic rat model exhibited a prolonged hypoglycemic efficacy over 6 h,for A2 formulation treated group,compared to the group receiving only metformin HCl,which demonstrated a reduction in blood glucose levels for up to 4 h.The study findings demonstrated the efficacy of the CMGG-chitosan based IPN nanoparticulate system for sustained delivery of therapeutic agents.

关键词： Carboxymethyl guar gum Chitosan Interpenetrating polymer network Nanoparticles Controlled release Metformin hydrochloride

Nephroblastoma in Adults about a Clinical Case

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Surgical Science 2024年第2期15卷 81-88页

作者： Tounkara Cheickna Coulibaly Amara Malle Oumar Amadou Bréhima Bolo Coulibaly Bagoyoko Kaloga Daye Samake Hamidou Berthe Honoré Jean-Baptiste Gabriel Diakite Mamadou Lamine Department of General Surgery Hospital Center “Mother Child” Luxembourg Bamako Mali directorate of Army Health services Kati Mali Department of Urology and Andrology Point G University Hospital Bamako Mali

Nephroblastoma is the most common malignant renal tumor in children and is related to an abnormal proliferation of cells resembling those of the embryonic kidney (metanephroma), hence the terminology;embryonal tumor. These are tumors that remain and remain unstudied in Mali because they are common in adults in our context. Its annual incidence is estimated at approximately 1/10,000 births. Nephroblastoma is a rare or even exceptional tumor in adults. The clinical manifestation was a large swelling of the right hypochondrium;abdominal pain for a year;unquantified fever, hypertension, initial hematuria associated with burning during urination and anemia. The main clinical manifestation remained fever and abdominal pain. This renal tumor posed a diagnostic problem which was previously labeled as a mesenteric tumor in our general surgery department. The diagnosis was made by imaging: CT and magnetic resonance imaging. The treatment is multidisciplinary and combines chemotherapy, surgery with or without radiotherapy. The prognosis is poor due to late diagnosis and less effectiveness of chemotherapy compared to the child. Survival did not exceed a year and a half because the renal tumor in our patient was surgically overcome. We report a case of nephroblastoma in an 86-year-old patient with unfavorable histology (hematogenous metastases), operated on in the general surgery department and whose postoperative course was simple and who was referred to oncology for treatment.

关键词： Nephroblastoma Malignant Kidney Tumor Treatment Adult Mali

Postoperative Complications in the General Surgery Department of the Cs Ref of Commune I of the District of Bamako Mali

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Surgical Science 2024年第6期15卷 409-419页

作者： Tounkara Cheickna Samake Hamidou Dembele Lamine Diarra Issaka Togola Modibo Sanogo Modibo Dembele Bakary Tientigui Traore Alhassane Togo Adégné Pierre Kante Lassana Department of General Surgery Reference Health Center of Commune I of Bamako Bamako Mali directorate of Social and Health services of the Armies Bamako Mali Department of General Surgery CHU Gabriel Tour Bamako Mali

Postoperative complications represent important indicators for the quality of surgical care. The objectives of this work were to study post-operative complications in the general surgery department of the Cs ref of commune I in Mali, to determine the frequency of post-operative complications, to identify the factors of occurrence, to describe the clinical aspects, diagnostic and therapeutic in order to assess the additional cost linked to post-operative complications. This study was prospective, carried out in the general surgery department on 300 cases of surgical interventions. It covered all patients aged at least 15 years, operated on and hospitalized or not, and who presented complications during the 30 days postoperatively. Patients under the age of 15 were not included (our general surgery department is not a pediatric surgery department). We collected 300 patients among whom 199 (66.33%) were men and 101 (33.66%) women, i.e. a sex ratio = 1.9. The average age was 38 years with extremes of 15 and 87 years. The main initial diagnoses were: acute appendicitis, peritonitis, occlusions, wall hernias, hemorrhoids, uterine prolapse, uterine myomas, ovarian cysts and acute cholecystitis. Emergencies represented 43% (N = 129) of interventions with 6.98% post-operative complications (POC). Postoperative complications were dominated by surgical site infections, 75% of cases (N = 20), wall hemorrhage 5% (N = 1), testicular necrosis 5% (N = 1) and testicular calcification 5% (N = 1), wire rejection 5% (N = 1) and death 5% (N = 1). The management of postoperative complications was surgical in 95% and medical in 100%. Their occurrence extended the hospital stay by 3.65 days and increased the average cost of care by 60541.85 CFA francs. The mortality index lowered by efficient management of complications (IMAGE) calculated in relation to deaths was 95% of cases. Anemia, ASA score ≥ III, Alteimeir II and IV classes, duration of surgery and post-operative hospitalization were factors contributing to post-operative complica

关键词： Complications Post Opératoires Chirurgie Cs Ref CI Bamako Mali

Review of Two Years of Surgical Activities of the General Surgery Department of the Reference Health Center of Commune I of Bamako Mali

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Surgical Science 2024年第4期15卷 195-206页

作者： Tounkara Cheickna Cisse Amadou Beydi Samake Hamidou Diarra Issaka Sanogo Modibo Diarra Bogoba Doumbia Seydou Yena Sadio Department of General Surgery of the Reference Health Center of Commune I Bamako Mali directorate of Social and Health services of the Armed Forces of Mali Department of Public Health of the Faculty of Medicine and Odontology-Stomatology Bamako Mali Department of Surgery Mali Hospital Bamako Mali

The objectives of this work were to evaluate the surgical activities carried out in the general surgery department of the Reference Health Center of Commune I of Bamako, to describe the sociodemographic characteristics of the operated patients, to determine the main pathologies encountered and to evaluate qualitatively the result of the treatment. In order to improve performance, and the quality of care, and to identify common pathologies in the surgical department, we undertook a retrospective study on surgical activities from January 2009 to December 2010. At the end of this study, out of 474 men and 187 women (equal sex ratio 2.53);we were able to determine the frequency of surgical pathologies. Farmers, housewives and pupils/students were the most represented with 25.9% respectively;20% and 13.3%. The most frequently observed pathologies were wall hernia (44.8%), prostate adenoma (12%) and acute appendicitis (10.5%). The average length of hospitalization was 3.43 days. Infectious complications affected 25 patients (3.8% of cases) and a death rate of 0.45% (i.e. 3 patients). The average cost of care was 53,500 FCFA. Indeed, the reality of surgical practice in health centers was not the same because of the level of skills of practicing surgeons.

关键词： Assessment Surgical Activities 2 Years Reference Health Center of Commune I Bamako

Hyperhomocysteinemia and Associated Biological Markers in a Congolese Population of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Brazzaville

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Open Journal of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases 2024年第6期14卷 123-134页

作者： V. R. Ikia Monde A. L. M. Boumba E. Mokondjimobe H. Poaty G. Loubano-Voumbi W. F. Ondongo A. G. Mayindou Kimbangu K. Onanga F. Elilie Mawa Ongoth E. Bouenizabila C. Andres H. G. Monabeka Biochemistry Laboratory Service University Hospital Center Brazzaville Congo Faculty of Health Sciences Marien NGOUABI University Brazzaville Congo research Area of Pointe-Noire National Institute for Research in Health Sciences (IRSSA) Pointe-Noire Congo Microbiology and Molecular Biology Department Loandjili General Hospital Pointe-Noire Congo LOMO research University Kinshasa DRC Department of Statistics Health Information and Epidemiology Surveillance Departmental Directorate of Health Care and Services Brazzaville Congo Department of Endocrinology University Hospital Center Brazzaville Congo Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Bretonneau Regional University Hospital Tours France

The search for new biomarkers predictive of type 2 diabetes currently constitutes a research avenue in Bioclinical. Total homocysteine remains a preferred target due to its involvement in the occurrence of degenerative complications in type 2 diabetics. The aim of this work was to study hyperhomocysteinemia and other biochemical markers associated with T2D in the Congolese population. This was an analytical case-control study carried out between October 2022 and October 2023. The study population consisted of 150 subjects including 100 T2D patients and 50 control subjects. The main clinical data were collected on a pre-established form. Homocysteine determination was carried out by the sandwich ELISA method. The other biochemical markers were measured by colorimetric enzymatic methods. Hyperhomocysteinemia was present in 27.3% (41/150) of the entire study population. Type 2 diabetics had a frequency of hyperhomocysteinemia of 36% (36/100) and control 10% (5/50) (p = 0.001). The mean hyperhomocysteinemia concentration was 31.9 μmol/l with extremes ranging from 18 to 103 μmol/l. Means of biological markers between diabetics and controls showed a statistically significant difference (p = 0.01). The risk factors associated with this HHcy were: sex (OR = 3.5), age (OR = 9.4), sedentary lifestyle (OR = 3.4) and glycosylated hemoglobin (OR = 12) with a p-value <0.05 respectively. Our results suggest that hyperhomocysteinemia can be considered as a predictive biomarker in the bioclinic of Congolese type 2 diabetic patients.

关键词： Hyperhomocysteinemia Biological Markers T2DM Brazzaville

Public satisfaction with the quality of First Health Facility services in Indonesia: Does sociodemographic matter?

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2023年第9期16卷 409-417页

作者： Zainul Khaqiqi Nantabah Rofingatul Mubasyiroh Antonius Yudi Kristanto Lely Indrawati Astridya Paramita Dwi Hapsari Tjandrarini Agung Dwi Laksono National research and Innovation Agency JakartaIndonesia directorate of Production and Distribution of Medical Devices Ministry of HealthJakartaIndonesia

Objective:To investigate individual characteristics related to satisfaction with the quality of First Health Facility services(FHFS)in Indonesia.Methods:This cross-sectional study analyzes national representation data.Meanwhile,the study involved 9846 representative respondents in 2019.Respondent’s satisfaction with FHFS based on the five dimensions of service quality(SERVQUAL)is a dependent variable.Independent variables consist of sex,marital status,age,education,employment,insurance ownership,and economics.The study used multivariate logistic regression to explain the relationship between individual characteristics and FSHS quality.Results:77.3%Respondents were satisfied with FHFS,with the highest order of satisfaction dimensions being assurance(59.4%),empathy(57.3%),reliability(53.6%),responsiveness(52.7%),and then tangibility(49.1%).Multivariate logistic analysis showed that divorce was 1.48 more likely than never-married to be satisfied(95%CI 1.17-1.87).Employees were 0.77 less likely than the unemployed to get satisfied(95%CI 0.70-0.86).Respondents with higher education was 0.82 less likely than those with primary education to be satisfied(95%CI 0.67-0.99).Meanwhile,respondents who had government-run insurance were 1.61 more likely than uninsured to be satisfied(95%CI 1.42-1.80).Moreover,the rich were 0.82 less likely than the poor to get satisfied(95%CI 0.73-0.92).Conclusions:Community satisfaction with FHFS is generally high,though some areas could be improved.Demographic factors are still strongly related to satisfaction ratings.The government can assess the quality of services in accordance with standards and disseminate information about service standards for primary facilities to all levels of society,ensuring that service satisfaction is rated as good by all groups.

关键词： Health services quality Satisfaction National health insurance

Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosome:The likely game-changer in stem cell research

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BIOCELL 2022年第5期46卷 1169-1172页

作者： DICKSON KOFI WIREDU OCANSEY XINWEI XU LU ZHANG FEI MAO Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province School of MedicineJiangsu UniversityZhenjiangChina directorate of University Health services University of Cape CoastCape CoastGhana

Stem cell research is a promising area of transplantation and regenerative medicine with tremendous potential for improving the clinical treatment and diagnostic options across a variety of conditions and enhancing understanding of human development.Over the past few decades,mesenchymal stem cell(MSCs)studies have exponentially increased with a promising outcome.However,regardless of the huge investment and the research attention given to stem cell research,FDA approval for clinical use is still lacking.Amid the challenges confronting stem cell research as a cellbased product,there appears to be evidence of superior effect and heightened potential success in its expressed vesicles,exosomes,as cell-free products.In addition to their highly desirable intrinsic biologically unique structural,compositional,and morphological characteristics,as well as predominant physiochemical stability and biocompatibility properties,exosomes can also be altered to enhance their therapeutic capability or diagnostic imaging potential via physical,chemical,and biological modification approaches.More importantly,the powerful therapeutic potential and superior biological functions of exosomes,particularly,regarding engineered exosomes as cell-free products,and their utilization in a new generation of nanomedicine treatment,vaccination,and diagnosis platforms,brings hope of a change in the near future.This viewpoint discusses the trend of stem cell research and why stem cell-derived exosomes could be the game-changer.

关键词： Mesenchymal stem cell Exosome Cell-free therapy Regenerative medicine

Fast Track Surgery and Its Outcome in Colorectal Surgery in a Tertiary Care Hospital

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Open Journal of Gastroenterology 2022年第3期12卷 44-54页

作者： Reza Ahmad Anjuman Sultana Mohammad Haroon Or-Rashid Tarik Alam Ony Marzina Faruq Mahbubul Islam Ashfeka Gini Kaniz Farhana Golam Mahmud Rayhan Department of Surgery Ibn Sina Hospital Sylhet Bangladesh Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology Directorate General of Health Services (DGHS) Dhaka Bangladesh Department of General Surgery Directorate General of Health Services (DGHS) Dhaka Bangladesh Department of General Surgery Rockhampton Hospital Rockhampton Australia Bhanga Upazilla Health Complex Faridpur Bangladesh Department of Physical Medicine Rehabilitation Directorate General of Health Services (DGHS) Dhaka Bangladesh Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology National Institute of Cancer Research & Hospital Dhaka Bangladesh Department of Surgery Directorate General of Health Services (DGHS) Dhaka Bangladesh

Background: Fast track surgery is an evidence-based multidisciplinary approach. The underlying principle is to enable patients to recover from surgery and leave the hospital sooner by minimizing the stress responses on the body during surgery. Our aim was to compare the outcome of fast-track protocol and conventional methods in colorectal surgery. Method: It was an observational cross-sectional study carried out at the Department of Surgery in different tertiary level hospitals, Dhaka Bangladesh during the period January 2014 to December 2017. Among this population, 50 patients were placed in the fast-track program (Group A) from January 2014 to December 2015 and 50 patients were in the conventional method (Group B), from January 2016 to December 2017. The fast-track patients were selected after receiving ethical approval from the Bangladesh College of Physician & Surgeons. Data analysis was done using the statistical package for social science (SPSS) for windows version 20. Results: The average age of the patients was 45.24 ± 16.65 years (range: 11 - 70 years) in the fast track group (Group A) and 43.24 ± 17.76 years in the conventional method (Group B). The majority were female between two groups, with 56% in group A and 52% in group B. General and surgical complications occurred in 9 (18%) patients and 11 (22%) patients respectively in group A. On the other hand in group B general and surgical complications occurred in 10 (20%) patients and 13 (26%) patients respectively. The average hospital stay was 9.24 ± 5.99 days in group A and the average hospital stay was 10.10 ± 6.04 days in group B. Conclusion: Making the decision to adopt fast-track surgery will challenge current traditional practice for all members of the multidisciplinary team across the whole local health community.

关键词： Colorectal Conventional Fast Track Outcome Surgery

Factors Affecting the Adoption of Agricultural Mechanization Technologies by Women Farmers in the Karaga District of Ghana

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Agricultural Sciences 2023年第9期14卷 1238-1248页

作者： Emelia Guo Mamudu A. Akudugu Faculty of Agriculture Food and Consumer Sciences (FoAFCS) University for Development Studies Tamale Ghana directorate of research Innovation and Partnership Services University for Development Studies Tamale Ghana

Labour-saving or mechanization technologies have become the driving force behind modern agriculture, yet adoption of these technologies remains low in many parts of the developing world, particularly among female farmers in Ghana. This study aims to investigate the factors that hinder the adoption of agricultural mechanization technologies by female farmers in the Karaga District of the Northern Region of Ghana. This region is known for its large agricultural lands and significant role in commercial farming. The research was conducted using qualitative research methodology and involved interviewing 60 female farmers using an interview guide. The principle of sample saturation was used, meaning that further interviews were deemed unnecessary after the 60th interview. The results showed that low adoption of agricultural mechanization technologies is due to poor access to commercial lands, gender biases, lack of access to credit, and poor awareness about the benefits of these technologies. In conclusion, the low adoption of agricultural mechanization technologies is preventing women farmers in the Karaga District and elsewhere in Ghana from fully participating in commercial agricultural production. It is recommended that gender biases and cultural stereotypes be addressed to improve women farmers’ access to lands and credit, which will facilitate the adoption of mechanization technologies and lead to improved agricultural production.

关键词： Adoption Agricultural Mechanization Women Farmers Ghana Karaga District