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Radiological determination of the cranial index of present-day Ghanaians

Forensic Sciences Research 2022年第2期7卷 138-141页

作者： Benard Ohene Botwe Jeffrey Nana Afari Boadu Kofi Adesi Kyei John D.Thompson Department of radiography University of Ghana School of Biomedical&Allied Health SciencesCollege of Health SciencesAccraGhana directorate of radiography School of Health SciencesUniversity of SalfordSalfordUK

The cranial index(CI)of Ghanaians is currently unknown.The aim of this study was to measure the CI in a population of Ghanaians in order to classify them against pre-determined CI categories.A systematic random sampling method was used to select 300 normal computed tomography(CT)head scans of adult Ghanaians from the largest hospital in Ghana.All patients were deemed to have a normal cranial image configuration based on the radiological report.The biparietal diameter(BPD,width)and the occipitofrontal diameter(OFD,length)were measured on transaxial CT images using a workstation with a calibrated measurement calliper tool.The CI ratio was calculated as the BPD multiplied by 100 and divided by the OFD.Mean,standard deviation(SD)and range were calculated for BPD,OFD and CI.Differences in measurements between demographic groups were compared using an unpaired t-test,with testαset at 0.05.Of the population of Ghanaians included in this study,165(55%)were male and 135(45%)were female.The mean CI was 77.3±3.6 in males and 79.0±3.3 in females,placing both genders in the mesocephalic category.However,the difference between males and females was found to be statistically significant(P=0.02).The study indicated that most Ghanaian adults belong to the mesocephalic category of CI.Females also had a higher CI,which could be used to differentiate gender groups.This information can be useful for forensic medicine,plastic surgeries for clinical and research purpose.

关键词： Forensic sciences cranial index CI sexual dimorphism computed tomography CT

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Hydrodynamic instability experiments with three-dimensional modulations at the National Ignition Facility

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High Power Laser Science and Engineering 2015年第2期3卷 1-8页

作者： V.A.Smalyuk S.V.Weber D.T.Casey D.S.Clark J.E.Field S.W.Haan A.V.Hamza D.E.Hoover O.L.Landen A.Nikroo H.F.Robey C.R.Weber Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory NIF Directorate General Atomics

The first hydrodynamic instability growth measurements with three-dimensional(3D) surface-roughness modulations were performed on CH shell spherical implosions at the National Ignition Facility(NIF) [G. H. Miller, E. I. Moses, and C. R. Wuest, Opt. Eng. 43, 2841(2004)]. The initial capsule outer-surface amplitudes were increased approximately four times, compared with the standard specifications, to increase the signal-to-noise ratio, helping to qualify a technique for measuring small 3D modulations. The instability growth measurements were performed using x-ray through-foil radiography based on time-resolved pinhole imaging. Averaging over 15 similar images significantly increased the signal-to-noise ratio, making possible a comparison with 3D simulations. At a convergence ratio of～2.4, the measured modulation levels were～3 times larger than those simulated based on the growth of the known imposed initial surface modulations. Several hypotheses are discussed, including increased instability growth due to modulations of the oxygen content in the bulk of the capsule. Future experiments will be focused on measurements with standard 3D ‘nativeroughness' capsules as well as with deliberately imposed oxygen modulations.

关键词： Hydrodynamic instabilities

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Homogeneity tests on neutron shield concrete

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2014年第A1期25卷 57-61页

作者： Koichi Okuno Hiroshi Iikura HAZAMA ANDO Technical Research Institute 515-1 Karima Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-0822 Japan JAEA Quantum Beam Science directorate 2-4 Shirakata Tokai-mura Naka-gun Ibaraki 319-1195 Japan

In recent years, neutrons have been studied for application in fields such as material analysis and boron neutron capture therapy. To create a compact shield for these facilities, a neutron shield concrete is developed. Verifying the homogeneity of the concrete is important to ensure adequate shielding performance. In this research, neutron radiography images of the concrete are taken using the Thermal Neutron radiography Facility (TNRF) of the JRR-3 research reactor, and the transmission ratio of the thermal neutrons were estimated. The results showed that the transmission ratio of the concrete was almost the same at each depth. © 2014, Science Press. All rights reserved.

关键词：中子屏蔽同质性测试研究反应堆中子俘获屏蔽性能照相设备中子照相

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