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Epidemiological Characteristics of COVID-19 Confirmed Cases in Muscat Governorate, Sultanate of Oman

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Open Journal of Epidemiology 2021年第1期11卷 56-69页

作者： Lamya Al Balushi Fatma Al Fahdi Thamra Al Ghafri Mohammed Amin Jeffrey Singh Balqees Al Siyabi Mariam Al Kalbani Maya Al Kindi Fatma Al Balushi Haleema Al Ghazaili Malak Al Alwai Salwa Al Mashari Hanan Al Kindi Ahlam Al Rumhi Ibtisam Al Shidhani Zainb Al Balushi Padmamohan J. Kurup Fatma Al Ajmi Disease Surveillance and Control Directorate General for Health Services Muscat Governorate Ministry of Health Muscat Oman directorate general for health services Muscat Governorate Ministry of Health Muscat Oman Primary health Care Directorate General for Health Services Muscat Governorate Ministry of Health Muscat Oman directorate general of Khoula Hospital Muscat Oman directorate general for Disease Surveillance and Control Ministry of Health Muscat Oman

Introduction: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was declared as pandemic by WHO by March 11th. First case reported in Oman was on 24th February 2020 and later the country went through stages of epidemic progression. This study describes the sociodemographic and epidemiological characteristics of confirmed COVID-19 cases in Muscat governorate and related outcomes. Materials and Methods: This is a descriptive, exploratory analysis of all lab confirmed COVID 19 cases that were reported from 1st February to 31st May 2020. Data for the study was primarily extracted from notifications system established for surveillance (Tarassud). Secondary data sources were, contact listings and hospital medical records. Results: 11,648 initial cases of confirmed COVID-19 infections were included. The mean age was 35 years, 84.7% (N = 9862) were males, 25.9% (N = 3017) were Omanis, and 74.1% (N = 8631) were expatriates of which Indian origin were the majority (37%). Fever and cough were the most common presentations (46.3% and 29.5% respectively). Diabetes and hypertension were the most common comorbidities (4.9% and 4.6% respectively). Hospital admission was required for 7% (N = 811) of the total reported cases, out of them 171 cases (21%) were admitted to ICU, where 107 (13.2%) were ventilated. The case fatality rate (CFR) was 0.9%. 158 clusters containing 2949 contacts were identified from case records and categorised into 3 groups based on their exposure settings. The incubation period measured was 8 days (IQR 4.0 - 15.0) for workplace, 8 days (IQR 4 - 17) for dormitory and 4 days (IQR 2.0 - 7.0) for family groups. The secondary attack rate (SAR) estimated was 41.6% (95% CI: 0.34 - 0.48), 52% (95% CI: 0.40 - 0.63) and 33% (95% CI: 0.27 - 0.38) for workplace, dormitory and family groups, respectively. Conclusion: Results of this study, determine the transmission trend of COVID-19 in a country with high immigran

关键词： COVID-19 Epidemiological Characteristics Infectious Disease Cluster

Distribution and disparities of healthy lifestyles and noncommunicable diseases risk factors between men and women aged 20-59 years in Bangladesh:Evidence from a nationwide survey

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Chronic Diseases and Translational Medicine 2024年第4期10卷 312-326页

作者： Md.Mokbul Hossain Abhijeet Roy Abu Abdullah Mohammad Hanif Fahmida Akter Mehedi Hasan Md.Showkat Ali Khan Abu Ahmed Shamim Moyazzam Hossaine Mohammad Aman Ullah S.M.Mustafizur Rahman Mofijul Islam Bulbul Dipak Kumar Mitra Malay Kanti Mridha Center for Non-communicable Diseases and Nutrition BRAC James P Grant School of Public HealthBRAC UniversityDhakaBangladesh National Nutrition services(NNS) Directorate General of Health ServicesGovernment of BangladeshDhakaBangladesh Department of Public health North-South UniversityDhakaBangladesh

Background:Noncommunicable diseases(NCDs)are public health threats globally and recognized impediments to socioeconomic *** study aimed to identify the prevalence and clustering of NCDs risk factors among Bangladeshi men and women aged 20-59 years using nationally representative ***:This study was conducted in 82 rural,nonslum urban,and slum clusters across all eight administrative divisions of Bangladesh using multistage cluster sampling.A total of 4917 men and 4905 women aged 20-59 years were included in the *** analyses were performed to report the prevalence and distribution of behavioral and clinical risk *** binary logistic regression was performed to identify factors associated with the coexistence of three or more NCD risk ***:The prevalence of tobacco use(any form),insufficient physical activity,inadequate fruit and vegetable consumption,overweight and obesity,and central obesity were 38.3%,13.6%,87.1%,42.3%,and 36.0%,***,21.9%and 4.9%participants had hypertension and self-reported diabetes,*** the clustering of risk factors,37.1%men and 50.8%women had at least three NCD risk *** 3.0%men and 1.8%women reported no NCD risk ***,place of residence,education,and wealth status were associated with the presence of at least three risk factors for both ***:Since a large proportion of Bangladeshi 20-59 years old population had multiple risk factors,population-based programs with multisectoral approaches are essential to reduce NCDs among Bangladeshi women and men.

关键词： Bangladesh men noncommunicable diseases risk factors women

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Open Journal of Epidemiology 2021年第2期11卷 135-151页

作者： Fatma Al Fahdi Padmamohan J. Kurup Lamya Al Balushi Mohammed Amin Balqees Al Siyabi Mariam Al Kalbani Haleema Al Ghazaili Salwa Al Mashari Hanan Al Kindi Disease Surveillance and Control Directorate General of Health Services Muscat Governorate Ministry of Health Muscat Oman directorate general of Disease Surveillance & Control Ministry of Health Muscat Oman Primary health Care Directorate General of Health Services Muscat Governorate Ministry of Health Muscat Oman

Introduction: The coronavirus disease 2019 epidemic emerged in December 2019 and spread worldwide. Since workplaces are high-risk location for occupational exposure, understanding of the dynamics of COVID-19 clusters in occupational settings helps reduce the transmission of infectious disease in workplaces. This study presents an overview of the epidemiological characteristics of COVID-19 workplace clusters, preventive strategies adopted and outbreak responses undertaken in Muscat governorate. Materials and Methods: This is a descriptive study on the epidemiological characteristics of cases and distribution of workplace-related clusters of COVID-19 in Muscat Governorate in Oman. Results: A total of 36,798 COVID-19 cases were confirmed in Muscat from 24th February to 31st July 2020 in which 40.5% was belonging to clusters. Out of them 61% were Workplace-Dormitory clusters, predominantly expatriates. 78.6% of employees were symptomatic at time of examination. Fever and cough were the two most common symptoms reported in workplace related clusters. The number of affected employees ranged from 2 to 358 per cluster. Construction, retail, food, beverages, services, industrial manufacturing, oil & gas and transportation were identified as most at risk settings. Within the cases in workplace-related clusters, there was significant higher prevalence of diabetes, hypertension and obesity among females compared to males as also Omani nationals compared to expatriates and smoking among expatriate males compared to Omani males. In conclusion, understanding the epidemiological characteristics of the affected cases in organization setting will assist the policymakers to understand patterns of epidemiological spread and plan for robust interventions. <

关键词： COVID-19 Epidemiology Clusters Occupational Workplace Dormitories

Implementation and Follow-Up of Medical Abortion in Catalonia (2010-2014)

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2017年第2期7卷 208-219页

作者： Carme Ollé Roser Bosser Rosa Gispert Neus Prat Pilar Magrinyà Carme Coll Ramón Escuriet Ricard Tresserras Joaquim Calaf Subdirectorate-general for the Service Porfofolio and health Map Directorate-General for Health Planning Ministry of Health Barcelona Spain Studies Service Directorate-General for Health Planning Ministry of Health Barcelona Spain Sexual and Reproductive health services Directorate-General for Health Planning (ASSIR) Costa Ponent Barcelona Spain directorate-general for health Planning Ministry of Health Barcelona Spain Sexual and Reproductive health services Directorate-General for Health Planning (ASSIR) Barcelonès Nord i Maresme Barcelona Spain Chair of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Autonomous University of Barcelona Barcelona Spain

In 2011 a protocol for medical abortions (MA) up to 49 days of pregnancy was approved by the Ministry of health of Catalonia’s autonomous government and it was progressively introduced through the public network of the Sexual and Reproductive health Units (SRHU). In 2014, a new protocol extended to 63 days of pregnancy was set up. Data come from the official abortion registry held by the Ministry of health, which collects statistical data from all abortions performed in Catalonia. Since 2011, the number and rate of abortions in Catalonia have decreased while the number of health centers providing abortions has increased, especially the SRHU. The proportion of MA abortions went from 0.4% (2010) to 36.9% (2014), while the percentage of early abortions (up to 7 weeks) surged by 14.7%. SRHU reported 73.4% of all MA and hospitals performed 18.7% of the total, while outpatient centers accounted for the remaining 7.9%. Compared to surgical abortions, women having had MA have higher levels of education and lower rates of unemployment. Furthermore, they have more living offspring and fewer previous terminations as well as more frequent attendance to a public family planning center.

关键词： Medical Abortion Catalonia Early Abortions Sexual and Reproductive health Units (SRHU)

Fast Track Surgery and Its Outcome in Colorectal Surgery in a Tertiary Care Hospital

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Open Journal of Gastroenterology 2022年第3期12卷 44-54页

作者： Reza Ahmad Anjuman Sultana Mohammad Haroon Or-Rashid Tarik Alam Ony Marzina Faruq Mahbubul Islam Ashfeka Gini Kaniz Farhana Golam Mahmud Rayhan Department of Surgery Ibn Sina Hospital Sylhet Bangladesh Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology Directorate General of Health Services (DGHS) Dhaka Bangladesh Department of general Surgery Directorate General of Health Services (DGHS) Dhaka Bangladesh Department of general Surgery Rockhampton Hospital Rockhampton Australia Bhanga Upazilla health Complex Faridpur Bangladesh Department of Physical Medicine Rehabilitation Directorate General of Health Services (DGHS) Dhaka Bangladesh Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology National Institute of Cancer Research & Hospital Dhaka Bangladesh Department of Surgery Directorate General of Health Services (DGHS) Dhaka Bangladesh

Background: Fast track surgery is an evidence-based multidisciplinary approach. The underlying principle is to enable patients to recover from surgery and leave the hospital sooner by minimizing the stress responses on the body during surgery. Our aim was to compare the outcome of fast-track protocol and conventional methods in colorectal surgery. Method: It was an observational cross-sectional study carried out at the Department of Surgery in different tertiary level hospitals, Dhaka Bangladesh during the period January 2014 to December 2017. Among this population, 50 patients were placed in the fast-track program (Group A) from January 2014 to December 2015 and 50 patients were in the conventional method (Group B), from January 2016 to December 2017. The fast-track patients were selected after receiving ethical approval from the Bangladesh College of Physician & Surgeons. Data analysis was done using the statistical package for social science (SPSS) for windows version 20. Results: The average age of the patients was 45.24 ± 16.65 years (range: 11 - 70 years) in the fast track group (Group A) and 43.24 ± 17.76 years in the conventional method (Group B). The majority were female between two groups, with 56% in group A and 52% in group B. general and surgical complications occurred in 9 (18%) patients and 11 (22%) patients respectively in group A. On the other hand in group B general and surgical complications occurred in 10 (20%) patients and 13 (26%) patients respectively. The average hospital stay was 9.24 ± 5.99 days in group A and the average hospital stay was 10.10 ± 6.04 days in group B. Conclusion: Making the decision to adopt fast-track surgery will challenge current traditional practice for all members of the multidisciplinary team across the whole local health community.

关键词： Colorectal Conventional Fast Track Outcome Surgery

Prevalence of Latent Tuberculosis (LTB) among Household Contacts of Newly Diagnosed Omani Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients

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Journal of Tuberculosis Research 2020年第1期8卷 11-21页

作者： Jeffrey Singh Lamiya Balushi Nada Mahrazi Esklid Peterson Olivier Koole Fatma Al Ajmi Padmamohan Kurup directorate general of health services Ministry of Health Muscat Oman directorate general of Disease Surveillance and Control Head Quarters Ministry of Heath Muscat Oman London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine London UK

Background: Oman is a high-income, low prevalent country for tuberculosis disease. Although the rates have remained static over the last decade, the country is aiming for Tuberculosis (TB) elimination. Household contacts of pulmonary TB (PTB) patients form a high-risk group of susceptible individuals who could remain reservoirs of active disease. Objective: A retrospective study was conducted to estimate the prevalence of latent TB infection by Tuberculin Skin Test (TST) or Interferon-Gamma Release Assay (IGRA) screening tests among the household contacts of Omani patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. Design: A cross-sectional survey conducted between 2017 and 2018 of TB cases and their contacts in Muscat Governorate, Oman. Results: Out of the 278 contacts identified, 188 contacts fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were enrolled into the study. The prevalence of Latent Tuberculosis Infection (LTBI) was 22.8% (95% CI: 17.0 - 29.5) among household contacts. We found higher proportions of LTBI among females than males (28.7% vs. 15%, p = 0.027). Those who were exposed to Acid Fast Bacilli (AFB) smear positive cases were more likely to be LTBI (28.7% versus 15% in smear negative cases;p = 0.047). We also found an increasing trend of infection (32.3%) in the oldest age group (46 - 80 years). Conclusion: Besides children, female household contacts and older age contacts should be prioritized for screening as they are more likely to be infected and develop active disease.

关键词： Latent TB Infection Interferon Gamma Release Assay Tuberculin Skin Test Cavitary Lesions

Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosome:The likely game-changer in stem cell research

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BIOCELL 2022年第5期46卷 1169-1172页

作者： DICKSON KOFI WIREDU OCANSEY XINWEI XU LU ZHANG FEI MAO Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province School of MedicineJiangsu UniversityZhenjiangChina directorate of University health services University of Cape CoastCape CoastGhana

Stem cell research is a promising area of transplantation and regenerative medicine with tremendous potential for improving the clinical treatment and diagnostic options across a variety of conditions and enhancing understanding of human *** the past few decades,mesenchymal stem cell(MSCs)studies have exponentially increased with a promising ***,regardless of the huge investment and the research attention given to stem cell research,FDA approval for clinical use is still *** the challenges confronting stem cell research as a cellbased product,there appears to be evidence of superior effect and heightened potential success in its expressed vesicles,exosomes,as cell-free *** addition to their highly desirable intrinsic biologically unique structural,compositional,and morphological characteristics,as well as predominant physiochemical stability and biocompatibility properties,exosomes can also be altered to enhance their therapeutic capability or diagnostic imaging potential via physical,chemical,and biological modification *** importantly,the powerful therapeutic potential and superior biological functions of exosomes,particularly,regarding engineered exosomes as cell-free products,and their utilization in a new generation of nanomedicine treatment,vaccination,and diagnosis platforms,brings hope of a change in the near *** viewpoint discusses the trend of stem cell research and why stem cell-derived exosomes could be the game-changer.

关键词： Mesenchymal stem cell Exosome Cell-free therapy Regenerative medicine

Postoperative Complications in the general Surgery Department of the Cs Ref of Commune I of the District of Bamako Mali

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Surgical Science 2024年第6期15卷 409-419页

作者： Tounkara Cheickna Samake Hamidou Dembele Lamine Diarra Issaka Togola Modibo Sanogo Modibo Dembele Bakary Tientigui Traore Alhassane Togo Adégné Pierre Kante Lassana Department of general Surgery Reference Health Center of Commune I of Bamako Bamako Mali directorate of Social and health services of the Armies Bamako Mali Department of general Surgery CHU Gabriel Tour Bamako Mali

Postoperative complications represent important indicators for the quality of surgical care. The objectives of this work were to study post-operative complications in the general surgery department of the Cs ref of commune I in Mali, to determine the frequency of post-operative complications, to identify the factors of occurrence, to describe the clinical aspects, diagnostic and therapeutic in order to assess the additional cost linked to post-operative complications. This study was prospective, carried out in the general surgery department on 300 cases of surgical interventions. It covered all patients aged at least 15 years, operated on and hospitalized or not, and who presented complications during the 30 days postoperatively. Patients under the age of 15 were not included (our general surgery department is not a pediatric surgery department). We collected 300 patients among whom 199 (66.33%) were men and 101 (33.66%) women, i.e. a sex ratio = 1.9. The average age was 38 years with extremes of 15 and 87 years. The main initial diagnoses were: acute appendicitis, peritonitis, occlusions, wall hernias, hemorrhoids, uterine prolapse, uterine myomas, ovarian cysts and acute cholecystitis. Emergencies represented 43% (N = 129) of interventions with 6.98% post-operative complications (POC). Postoperative complications were dominated by surgical site infections, 75% of cases (N = 20), wall hemorrhage 5% (N = 1), testicular necrosis 5% (N = 1) and testicular calcification 5% (N = 1), wire rejection 5% (N = 1) and death 5% (N = 1). The management of postoperative complications was surgical in 95% and medical in 100%. Their occurrence extended the hospital stay by 3.65 days and increased the average cost of care by 60541.85 CFA francs. The mortality index lowered by efficient management of complications (IMAGE) calculated in relation to deaths was 95% of cases. Anemia, ASA score ≥ III, Alteimeir II and IV classes, duration of surgery and post-operative hospitalization were

关键词： Complications Post Opératoires Chirurgie Cs Ref CI Bamako Mali

Quality of life of COVID-19 recovered patients:a 1-year follow-up study from Bangladesh

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2023年第4期12卷 101-102页

作者： Mohammad Delwer Hossain Hawlader Md Utba Rashid Md Abdullah Saeed Khan Mowshomi Mannan Liza Sharmin Akter Mohammad Ali Hossain Tajrin Rahman Sabrina Yesmin Barsha Alberi Afifa Shifat Mosharop Hossian Tahmina Zerin Mishu Soumik Kha Sagar Ridwana Maher Manna Nawshin Ahmed Sree Shib Shankar Devnath Debu Irin Chowdhury Samanta Sabed Mashrur Ahmed Sabrina Afroz Borsha Faraz Al Zafar Sabiha Hyder Abdullah Enam Habiba Babul Naima Nur Miah Md.Akiful Haque Shopnil Roy K.M.Tanvir Hassan Mohammad Lutfor Rahman Mohammad Hayatun Nabi Koustuv Dalal Department of Public health North South University Dhaka Bangladesh International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research Bangladesh Dhaka Bangladesh National Institute of Preventive and Social Medicine Dhaka Bangladesh Ibn Sina Medical College Hospital Dhaka Bangladesh Public health Promotion and Development Society (PPDS) Dhaka Bangladesh Covid Vaccine Coordination Cell Directorate General of Health Services (DGHS) Dhaka Bangladesh Institute of Statistical Research and Training (ISRT) University of Dhaka Dhaka Bangladesh School of health Sciences Division of Public Health Science Mid Sweden University Sundsvall Sweden

BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic posed a danger to global public health because of the unprecedented physical,mental,social,and environmental impact affecting quality of life(QoL).The study aimed to find the changes in QoL among COVID-19 recovered individuals and explore the determinants of change more than 1 year after recovery in low-resource ***-19 patients from all eight divisions of Bangladesh who were confirmed positive by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction from June 2020 to November 2020 and who subsequently recovered were followed up twice,once immediately after recovery and again 1 year after the first *** follow-up study was conducted from November 2021 to January 2022 among 2438 individuals using the World health Organization Quality of Life Brief Version(WHOQOL-BREF).After excluding 48 deaths,95 were rejected to participate,618 were inaccessible,and there were 45 cases of incomplete *** statistics,paired-sample analyses,generalized estimating equation(GEE)analysis,and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to test the mean difference in participants’QoL scores between the two *** participants(n=1710,70.1%)were male,and one-fourth(24.4%)were older than *** average physical domain score decreased significantly from baseline to follow-up,and the average scores in psychological,social,and environmental domains increased significantly at follow-up(P<0.05).By the GEE equation approach,after adjusting for other factors,we found that older age groups(P<0.001),being female(P<0.001),having hospital admission during COVID-19 illness(P<0.001),and having three or more chronic diseases(P<0.001),were significantly associated with lower physical and psychological QoL *** age and female sex[adjusted odd ratio(aOR)=1.3,95%confidence interval(CI)1.0–1.6]were associated with reduced social domain scores on multivariable logistic regression *** or semi-urban peo

关键词： Quality of life health-related quality of life Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction COVID-19 Bangladesh