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Building Tax Capacity in Developing Countries

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Belt and Road Initiative Tax Journal 2024年第1期 60-69页

作者： Cindy Negus Juan Carlos Benitez Revenue Administration 1 division Fiscal affairs Department international Monetary Fund Tax Policy 2 division Fiscal affairs Department international Monetary Fund

Building tax capacity is central to the role of government in achieving the sustainable development goals,addressing climate change,and ensuring debt *** progress in revenue mobilization,there is still a large unmet tax potential in low-income developing *** tax capacity requires a firm commitment to building institutions that govern the tax system and manage tax reform,and to improving the design of core *** enhance understanding,this article provides a synopsis of why improving tax capacity is important and contains insights on trends in revenue mobilization,how to strengthen tax policy and the role of supporting ***,it explores the importance of a sound legal framework for tax certainty,which plays a crucial role in shaping investment choices and can significantly affect economic growth.

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Genome-Wide Analysis for Yield-Related Agronomic and Biochemical Traits of Chinese and Bangladeshi Grass Pea Genotypes Using SSR Markers

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Phyton-international Journal of Experimental Botany 2024年第8期93卷 1781-1804页

作者： Md.Mosiur Rahman Md.Ruhul Quddus Quanle Xu Muhammad Malek Hossain Rong Liu Mengwei Li Xin Yan Guan Li Yishan Ji Chenyu Wang Ashutosh Sarker Tao Yang Xuxiao Zong Md.Monoar Hossain Saleh Alfarraj Mohammad Javed Ansari Sagar Maitra Akbar Hossain Institute of Crop Sciences Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(CAAS)Beijing100081China Pulses Research Center Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute(BARI)Gazipur1701Bangladesh Hybrid Rice division Bangladesh Rice Research Institute(BRRI)Gazipur1701Bangladesh Northwest Agriculture&Forestry University Yangling712199China international Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas(ICARDA) New Delhi110012India Wheat Breeding division Bangladesh Wheat and Maize Research InstituteDinajpur5200Bangladesh Zoology Department College of ScienceKing Saud UniversityRiyadh11451Saudi Arabia Department of Botany Hindu College Moradabad(Mahatma Jyotiba Phule Rohilkhand UniversityBareilly)Moradabad244001India Department of Agronomy and Agroforestry Centurion University of Technology and ManagementOdisha761211India Soil Science division Bangladesh Wheat and Maize Research InstituteDinajpur5200Bangladesh

Grass pea(Lathyrus sativus L.)is an imperative food crop cultured in dryland agricultural *** is a vital source of dietary protein to millions of populaces living in low-income countries in South-East Asia and *** study highlights the improvement of genomic properties and their application in marker-trait relationships for 17 yield-related characters in 400 grass pea genotypes from China and *** characters were assessed via 56 polymorphic markers using general linear model(GLM)(P+G+Q)and mixed linear model(MLM)(P+G+Q+K)in the tassel software based on the linkage disequilibrium and population structure *** structure analysis showed two major groups and one admixed group in the *** significant loci pairs of linkage disequilibrium(LD)mean value(D′)was 0.479.A total of 99 and 61 marker-trait associations in GLM and MLM models allied to the 17 traits were accepted at a 5%level of *** these markers,21 markers were associated with more than one trait;12 marker-trait associations passed the Bonferroni correction *** models found six markers C41936,C39067,C34100,C47146,C47638,and C43047 significantly associated with days to maturity,flower color,plant height,and seed per pod were detected in the Hebei and Liaoyang location(p≤0.01),and the interpretation rate(R^(2)value)11.2%to 43.6%.Conferring to the consequences,the association analysis methodology may operative system for quantitative,qualitative,and biochemical traits related to gene position mapping and support breeders in improving novel approaches for advancing the grass pea quality.

关键词： Grass pea dryland agriculture genome-wide association yield contributing traits SSR markers

IMPAIRED MEDICAL PROFESSIONALS IN THE UNITED STATES

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中国临床药理学杂志 1990年第1期 3-12页

作者： Yng-Shiuh SHEU Medical and international affairs Office of the director National Institute on Drug Abuse U.S.A Ph.D.

Drug Addiction Historically, drug addiction consists of psychologicaldependence, tolerance, and physical dependence. All three could be demon-strated as concurrent manifestations. It can also be a state of "An over-wh... 详细信息

关键词： IMPAIRED MEDICAL PROFESSIONALS IN THE UNITED STATES than

Africa's Perspectives on China-Africa Relations and Forum on China-Africa Cooperation(FOCAC)

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国际展望 2009年第2期1卷 48-61,132页

作者： Osita C.Eze Professor and director-General of Nigerian Institute of international affairs

China is in Africa in a vigorous way,and doing business in several countries like Sudan,Congo DRC,Angola,South Africa,and *** the short term,the relationship may appear to be mutually *** paper seeks to address the issue of Africa's perspectives on China-Africa Relations and the FOCAC and examine the concept of strategic partnerships,determine the state of China-Africa relations,examines FOCAC and draw conclusion as well as recommendation on possible ways and issues for future engageme...

关键词： Africa’s Perspectives on China-Africa Relations and Forum on China-Africa Cooperation FOCAC

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ORAL FLUENCY TECHNOLOGY

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外语电化教学 1988年第1期 3-5页

作者： Don Gum Education affairs director Applied Scholastics international

SCALE OF FLUENCY Level 1: No response. Silence. Level 2: Cannot be understood. Incoherent, or wrong answer. Can be understood, but is a wrong answer as regards the question. Level 3: Can be understood even though many... 详细信息

关键词： real life oral ORAL FLUENCY TECHNOLOGY

Spinal dural arteriovenous fistula:a comprehensive review of the history,classification systems,management,and prognosis

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Chinese Neurosurgical Journal 2024年第1期10卷 48-56页

作者： Ali Alkhaibary Ahoud Alharbi Nada Alnefaie Hajar Alammar Alshaymaa M.Arishy Noor Alghanim Yazeed M.Aldhfyan Arwa Albaiahy Yahya H.Khormi Wael Alshaya Saad AlQahatani Ahmed Aloraidi Ahmed Alkhani Sami Khairy College of Medicine King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health SciencesRiyadhSaudi Arabia King Abdullah international Medical Research Center RiyadhSaudi Arabia division of Neurosurgery Department of SurgeryKing Abdulaziz Medical CityMinistry of National Guard-Health AffairsRiyadhSaudi Arabia Department of Neurosurgery National Neurosciences InstituteKing Fahad Medical CityRiyadhSaudi Arabia College of Medicine Jazan UniversityJazanSaudi Arabia Department of Neurosurgery King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research CenterRiyadhSaudi Arabia Department of Surgery Faculty of MedicineJazan UniversityJazanSaudi Arabia

Spinal dural arteriovenous fistulas account for the majority of spinal vascular *** are typically located in the thoracolumbar region and are diagnosed in the middle-aged and elderly *** spinal dural arteriovenous fistulas have been postulated to be acquired,their exact development remains ***,the arteriovenous shunt is situated close to the spinal nerve root,inside the dura mater,where the blood from the radiculomeningeal artery and radicular vein *** history,there have been multiple classification systems of spinal arteriovenous shunts since *** were mainly based on the evolution of diagnostic studies as well as the treatment of these *** classification systems have undergone significant changes over the *** intracranial dural arteriovenous fistula,spinal dural arteriovenous fistula is progressive in *** neurological manifestations,due to venous congestion,tend to be insidious as well as *** include sensory deficits,such as paresthesia,bilateral and/or unilateral radicular pain affecting the lower limbs,and gait *** dural arteriovenous fistulas can be suspected on magnetic resonance imaging/magnetic resonance angiography and confirmed by digital subtraction angiography(DSA).The management includes surgery,endovascular therapy,and in selected cases,*** treatment goal of spinal dural arteriovenous fistula is to halt the progression of the *** prognosis depends on both the duration of symptoms as well as the clinical condition prior to *** present article comprehensively reviews the pathophysiology,changes in classification systems,natural history,clinical manifestations,radiological features,management,and prognosis.

关键词： Connection Endovascular Myelopathy Vascular

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Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership and Trans-Pacific Partnership： Policy Options of China

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China & World Economy 2015年第6期23卷 22-43页

作者： Buhara Asian Merve Mavus Kutuk Arif Oduncu Assistant Specialist International Economic Analysis Division Central Bank of the Republic of Turkey Ankara Turkey Assistant Specialist International Economic Analysis Division Central Bank of the Republic of Turkey Ankara Turkey. director International Economic Analysis Division Central Bank of the Republic of Turkey Ankara Turkey.

As a result of deadlocked multilateral trade negotiations, many countries have embarked on the establishment of bilateral and regional trade agreements. Using the Global Trade Analysis Project database and a computable general equilibrium model, our paper focuses on the impacts of the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership （TTIP） and the Trans- Pacific Partnership （TPP） on the Chinese economy under three scenarios. The results suggest that when only the TTIP is realized, Chinese economic variables are negatively affected. When both the TTIP and the TPP are realized and China is excluded, the combined damage to the Chinese economy is higher than the damage with the TTIP alone. However, the inclusion of China in the TPP has a positively effect on economic variables in China. This indicates that the impacts of China ＇s participation in the TPP compensate for the negative impacts of the TTIP. Therefore, China should consider being part of the TPP to offset the negative impacts of the TTIP.

关键词： China free trade agreements Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership Trans-Pacific Partnership

Management Practices of Locally Advanced and Metastatic Urothelial Carcinoma: A Questionnaire-Based Survey among Lebanese Oncologists

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Open Journal of Urology 2024年第2期14卷 138-149页

作者： Joseph Kattan Sally Temraz Fadi Nasr Arafat Tfayli Christina Khater Anas Mugharbel Hady Ghanem Hampig Raphael Kourie Georges Hachem Sarah Masri Jamil Debs Ali Shamseddine Department of Hematology-Oncology H&#244tel-Dieu de France University Hospital Faculty of Medicine Saint-Joseph University of Beirut Beirut Lebanon Department of Internal Medicine Hematology-Oncology Division American University of Beirut Medical Center Beirut Lebanon Hematology-Oncology division American University of Beirut Medical Center Beirut Lebanon Department of Hematology-Oncology Saint Charles Hospital Beirut Lebanon Department of Internal Medicine Makassed General Hospital Beirut Lebanon Hematology-Oncology division Lebanese American University Medical Center - Rizk Hospital Beirut Lebanon Department of Hematology-Oncology Saint George Hospital University Medical Center Beirut Lebanon Pfizer Medical affairs Beirut Lebanon

Background and Objective: The outcome of locally advanced and metastatic urothelial carcinoma LA/mUC has improved over the past years with a plethora of new treatments and the approval of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), antibody-drug conjugates, and targeted agents, to identify locally advanced metastatic urothelial carcinoma’s current management practices in Lebanon and the implication of the ongoing economic crisis on the medical practice. Methods: An online questionnaire was used to survey ten Lebanese oncologists from six different hospitals, between July 5 and July 11, 2022, requesting information pertaining to their current clinical practice in the pharmacological treatment of locally advanced metastatic urothelial carcinoma. Key Findings: Cisplatin-based chemotherapy was the most frequently reported initial treatment of locally advanced metastatic urothelial carcinoma. Participants reported using immune checkpoint inhibitors in platinum-ineligible patients and those with PDL1 positive tumors. Also, they would not consider the concomitant use of immunotherapy and chemotherapy in the first-line setting. Participants believed that avelumab maintenance is effective in the absence of progression after first-line platinum-based chemotherapy;they would consider initiating it 2 - 10 weeks after completion of chemotherapy. Conclusions and Clinical Implications: After comparing with current international guidelines, this study shows that Lebanese oncologists follow international guidelines and have deep knowledge of recent clinical trials for the management of locally advanced metastatic urothelial carcinoma, regardless of economic crisis challenges.

关键词： Clinical Practice Chemotherapy Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors PDL1 Urothelial Carcinoma

Capacitive sensing technique for silt suspended sediment concentration monitoring

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international Journal of Sediment Research 2010年第2期25卷 175-184页

作者： Yin-Sung HSU Shih-Yi YUAN Chia-Ling CHANG Kao-Chung CHANG Feng Chia University division Chief of Water Resources Agency Ministry of Economic Affairs

Automated, real-time, and continuous techniques for monitoring suspended sediment concentration in rivers and reservoirs can play an important role in the improvement of the quantity and quality of sediment data, and are valuable to the management of water environment, water conservancy, hazard prevention, and water resources. Research in the monitoring techniques has examined the possibility of using the characteristics of dielectric constants for detecting soil moisture and concentration of air-water two-phase flow, based on the fact that dielectric constants of sediment, air and water are different. A capacitance sensor was developed to monitor the silt suspended sediment concentration (SSSC) in a recent study, following the principle that as SSSC increases in the sediment-water mixture, the apparent dielectric constant of the water sample also increases and therefore the capacitance detected by the sensing system also increases. It is demonstrated that the variations in the concentration of silt sediment correlates positively with the variations in observed capacitance in a linear fashion, and correlates negatively with voltage outputs but also in a linear fashion. The correlation coefficients reached above 0.98. The overall errors in estimated concentrations range between 0.26% and 2.91%. Elements in the capacitance sensor system such as the frequencies of the signal generating system, areas of the electrode plates, and effects of sample temperature have also been evaluated. The results illustrated that the capacitance sensor techniques can be applied to monitoring SSSC automatically and continuously. Also, the range of SSSC in the experiment reached 200 kg/m3; therefore, the application of this technique in practical SSSC monitoring is worthy of further research.

关键词： Silt suspended sediment concentration Sediment sampling Automated continuous measurement Capacitive sensing system Dielectric material Silt sediment