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Evidence for a con served microbiota across the different developmental stages of Plodia interpunctella

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Insect Science 2019年第3期26卷 466-478页

作者： Valeria Mereghetti Bessem Chouaia Lidia Limonta Daria Patrizia Locatelli Matteo Montagna dipartimento di scienze Agrarie e Ambientali Universita degli Studi di Milano Milan Italy dipartimento di scienze per gli Alimenti la Nutrizione I'Ambiente Universita degli Studi di Milano Milan Italy

diversity and composition of lepidopteran microbiotas are poorly investigated, especially across the different developmental stages. To improve this knowledge, we characterize the microbiota among different developmental stages of the Indian meal moth, Plodia interpunctella, which is considered one of the major pest of commodities world-wide. Using culture-independent approach based on Illumina 16S rRNA gene sequencing we characterized the microbiota of four developmental stages: eggs, first-, and last-instar larvae, and adult. A total of 1022 bacterial OTUs were obtained, showing a quite diversified microbiota associated to all the analyzed stages. The microbiotas associated with P. interpunctella resulted almost constant throughout the developmental stages, with approximately 77% of bacterial OTUs belonging to the phylum of Proteobacteria. The dominant bacterial genus is represented by Burkholderia (?64%), followed by Propionibacterium, Delftia, Pseudomonas, and Stenotrophomonas. A core bacterial community, composed of 139 OTUs, was detected in all the developmental stages, among which 112 OTUs were assigned to the genus Burkholderia. A phylogenetic reconstruction, based on the 16S rRNA, revealed that our Burkholderia OTUs clustered with Burkholderia cepacia complex, in the same group of those isolated from the hemipterans Gossyparia spuria and Acanthococcus aceris. The functional profiling, predicted on the base of the bacterial 16S rRNA, indicates differences in the metabolic pathways related to metabolism of amino acids between preimaginal and adult stages. We can hypothesize that bacteria may support the insect host during preimaginal stages.

关键词： Burkholderia Illumina sequencing Indian meal moth insect symbiosis Proteobacteria

Environmental factors determining growth of salamander larvae： A field study

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Current Zoology 2015年第3期61卷 421-427页

作者： Laura LIMONGI Gentile Francesco FICETOLA Giuseppe ROMEO Raoul MANENTI dipartimento di Bioscienze Universita degli Studi di Milano Via Celoria 26 20133 Milano Italy dipartimento di scienze dell'Ambiente e del Territorio e di scienze della Terra UniversitA degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca. Piaz- za della Scienza 1 20126 Milano Italy Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine (LECA) Universit6 Grenoble Alpes F-38000 Grenoble France CNRS LECA F-38000 Grenoble France

Larval growth and survival of organisms are strongly influenced by abiotic and biotic factors, as demonstrated by ex- perimental studies performed under controlled laboratory or semi-natural conditions. Even if they have many advantages, ex- periments cannot cover the full complexity of natural conditions and field studies are needed for a better understanding of how environmental variation determines growth and development rate. Fire salamander Salamandra salamandra females give birth to larvae in a variety of habitats, both epigean and subterranean. In caves, salamander larvae successfully grow and metamorphose, but their growth is more than three times longer than in epigean streams and factors determining these differences require inves- tigation. We performed a field study to understand the factors related to the growth of fire salamander larvae in different envi- ronmental conditions, evaluating the relationship between environmental features and larval growth and differences between caves and epigean spring habitats. Both caves and epigean larvae successfully grew. Capture-mark-recapture allowed to individu- ally track individuals along their whole development, and measure their performance. Growth rate was significantly affected by environmental variables： larvae grew faster in environments with abundant invertebrates and few conspeciflcs. Taking into ac- count the effect of environmental variables, larval growth was significantly lower in caves. Food availability plays a different ef- fect in the two environments. Larval growth was positively related to the availability of invertebrates in epigean sites only. The development rate of hypogeous populations of salamanders is slower because of multiple parameters, but biotic factors play a much stronger role than the abiotic ones

关键词： Spring Freshwater Cave Amphibians Salamandra Cannibalism

Calabrian and Ionian： A proposal for the definition of Mediterranean stages for the Lower and Middle Pleistocene

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Episodes 2006年第2期29卷 107-114页

作者： Maria Bianca Cita Luca Capraro Neri Ciaranfi Enrico di Stefano Maria Marino Domenico Rio Rodolfo Sprovieri Gian Battista Vai Universita di Milano Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra ‘Ardito Desio＇ via Mangiagalli 34. 20133 Milano Italy Universita di Padova Dipartimento di Geologia Paleontologia e Geofisica via Giottol 35137 Padova Italy Universita di Bari Dipartimento di Geologia e Geofisica via Orabona 4 70125 Bari Italy Universita di Palermo Dipartimento di Geologia e Geodesia corso Tukory 131 90134 Palermo Italy Universita di Bologna Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra e Geologico-Ambientali Piazza di Porta San Donato 140126 Bologna Italy

The need to standardise stratigraphical subdivisions of continuous marine sedimentary successions that outcrop for hundreds metres, using clearly defined points fixed in the field is strongly felt. A proposal is presented here to formalize regional stages for the Lower Pleistocene （Calabrian） and for the Middle Pleistocene （Ionian） in Italy. The sections are well exposed, carefully investigated using multiple criteria （an integrated stratigraphical approach） and located in the central part of the Mediterranean. This area is recognized worldwide as a classical region for the Neogene and the Pleistocene sequences. The terrestrial record is directly correlated with the deep-sea record, as determined from ODP Sites 653 （Tyrrhenian Sea）, 963 （Sicily Channel） and 964 （Ionian Sea）from the central Mediterranean. The present formal proposal is consistent with the INQUA and ICS decision to define and correlate the Plio/Pleistocene boundary （GSSP at Vrica） within the Olduvai Subchron, at 1.81 My, the Lower/Middle Pleistocene boundary at the Matuyama/Brunhes reversal at 0. 78 My and the Middle/ Upper Pleistocene boundary with the base of MIS 5, approximately 0. 13My. The present proposal also is consistent with the call for stage unit stratotypes that emphasize both the physical content of a stage and its boundaries （Hilgen et al., 2006）.

关键词：卡拉布里亚爱奥尼亚地中海更新世

The Boson peak in confined water： An experimental investigation of the liquid-liquid phase transition hypothesis

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Frontiers of physics 2015年第5期10卷 43-49页

作者： Francesco Mallamace Carmelo Corsaro Domenico Mallamace Zhe Wang Sow-Hsin Chen Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA 02139 USA dipartimento di Fisica e scienze della Terra Universita di Messina I-98166 Messina Italy Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche-IPCF Messina I-98166 Messina Italy dipartimento di scienze dell'Ambiente della Sicurezza del Territorio degli Alimentie e della Salute Universit5 di Messina Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31 98166 Messina Italy

The Boson peak （BP） of deeply cooled confined water is studied by using inelastic neutron scattering （INS） in a large interval of the （P, T） phase plane. By taking into account the different behavior of such a collective vibrational mode in both strong and fragile glasses as well as in glass-forming materials, we were able to determine the Widom line that characterizes supercooled bulk water within the frame of the liquid-liquid phase transition （LLPT） hypothesis. The peak frequency and width of the BP correlated with the water polymorphism of the LLPT scenario, allowing us to distinguish the ＂low-density liquid＂（LDL） and ＂high-density liquid＂（HDL） phases in deeply cooled bulk water. Moreover, the BP properties afford a further confirmation of the Widom line temperature Tw as the （P, T） locus in which the local structure of water transforms from a predominately LDL form to a predominately HDL form.

关键词： supercooled water liquid-liquid phase transition (LLPT) inelastic neutron scattering

Schwann cell development,maturation and regeneration：a focus on classic and emerging intracellular signaling pathways

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Neural Regeneration Research 2017年第7期12卷 1013-1023页

作者： Luca Franco Castelnovo Veronica Bonalume Simona Melfi Marinella Ballabio Deborah Colleoni Valerio Magnaghi dipartimento di scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari Universita degli Studi di Milano Milan Italy

The development,maturation and regeneration of Schwann cells（SCs）,the main glial cells of the peripheral nervous system,require the coordinate and complementary interaction among several factors,signals and intracellular *** regulatory molecules consist of integrins,neuregulins,growth factors,hormones,neurotransmitters,as well as entire intracellular pathways including protein-kinase A,C,Akt,Erk/MAPK,Hippo,mTOR,*** instance,Hippo pathway is overall involved in proliferation,apoptosis,regeneration and organ size control,being crucial in cancer proliferation *** SCs,Hippo is linked to merlin and YAP/TAZ signaling and it seems to respond to mechanic/physical ***,among factors regulating SCs,also the signaling intermediates Src tyrosine kinase and focal adhesion kinase（FAK）proved relevant for SC fate,participating in the regulation of adhesion,motility,migration and in vitro *** SCs,the factors Src and FAK are regulated by the neuroactive steroid allopregnanolone,thus corroborating the importance of this steroid in the control of SC *** this review,we illustrate some old and novel signaling pathways modulating SC biology and functions during the different developmental,mature and regenerative states

关键词： myelin neuroactive steroids electromagnetic field peripheral nervous system

Strigolactone Analogs as Molecular Probes in Chasing the （SLs） Receptor/s： Design and Synthesis of Fluorescent Labeled Molecules

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Molecular Plant 2013年第1期6卷 113-127页

作者： Cristina Prandi Helena Rosso Beatrice Lace Ernesto G. Occhiatot Alberto Oppedisano Silvia Tabasso Gabriele Alberto Marco Blangetti dipartimento di Chimica-Universita di Torino via R Giuria 7 10127 Torino Italy dipartimento di scienze della Vita e Biologia dei Sistemi Viale Mattioli 25 10125 Torino Italy dipartimento di Chimica 'Ugo Schiff' Universita di Firenze Via della Lastruccia 13 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI) Italy School of Chemistry and Chemical Biology University College Dublin Belfield Dublin 4 Ireland

Originally identified as allelochemicals involved in plant-parasite interactions, more recently, Strigolactones （SLs） have been shown to play multiple key roles in the rhizosphere communication between plants and mycorrhizal fungi. Even more recent is the hormonal role ascribed to SLs which broadens the biological impact of these relatively simple molecules. In spite of the crucial and multifaceted biological role of SLs, there are no data on the receptor（s） which bind（s） such active molecules, neither in the producing plants nor in parasitic weeds or AM fungi. Information about the putative receptor of SLs can be gathered by means of structural, molecular, and genetic approaches. Our contribution on this topic is the design and synthesis of fluorescent labeled SL analogs to be used as probes for the detection in vivo of the receptor（s）. Knowledge of the putative receptor structure will boost the research on analogs of the natural substrates as required for agricultural applications.

关键词： strigolactones parasitic weeds mycorrhizal fungi receptor fluorescence.

Studies of Spectroscopic Ellipsometry in Cd1-xMnxTe/CdTe Superlattices

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Chinese Physics Letters 2006年第1期23卷 207-210页

作者：陈辰嘉王学忠 Vittorio BELLANI Angiolino STELLA School of Physics Peking University Beijing 100871 Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le scienze Fisiche della Materia (CNISM) and dipartimento di Fisica 'A. Volta' Universita degli Studi di Pavia 27100 Pavia Italy

Cd1-xMnxTe/CdTe superlattices and thin films were grown by molecular beam epitaxy on GaAs （001） substrates. Spectroscopic ellipsometry measurements were performed on Cd1-x Mnx Te/ CdTe superlattices with compositions x = 0.4, 0.8, and Cd1-xMnx Te thin films with x = 0.2, 0.4, 0.6 at room temperature in the photon energy range 1.4-5 eV. In superlattices the pseudodielectric functions measured by ellipsometry show specific features related to the exciton transition between quantized interbands. The exciton transitions related to the heavy holes of 11 H, 22H, and 33H are observed and identified. In thin films spectroscopic ellipsometry allows the clear identification of the energy gap Eo. Additionally, critical point transitions are observable in both the spectra of the superlattices and films. Photoreflectance spectra were also performed at room temperature in order to compare with our ellipsometry results. After taking into account the strain-induced and quantum confinement effects, the theoretical calculations are in good agreement with our experimental spectra. Ellipsometry appears to be a suited technique to monitor the MBE growth, ultimately also in situ, of diluted magnetic low-dimensional systems.

关键词： INTERBAND-TRANSITIONS

Restrictions to the application of 'diagnostic'criteria for recognizing ancient seismites

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Journal of Palaeogeography 2014年第2期3卷 162-173页

作者： Massimo Moretti A.J.(Tom) van Loon dipartimento di scienze della Terra e Geoambientali Università degli Studi di Bari Institute of Geology Adam Mickiewicz University

Soft-sediment deformation structures induced by seismic liquefaction and/or fluidization receive much attention in sedimentological,structural and palaeoseismic *** direct record of larger earthquakes is restricted to instrumental and historical data; the recognition of prehistoric earthquakes requires criteria to recognize seismites in the geological *** areal distribution of seismites can sometimes be related to active faults since distances to the epicenter(for a given magnitude) tend to be related to the liquefaction effects of seismic *** use of soft-sediment deformation structures for palaeoseismic studies has limitations,*** anything is known,for instance,about the effects that modern seismic events have on the sediments in most ***,criteria for the recognition of seismites are still under *** following characteristics seem,particularly in combination,the most reliable:(1) Soft-sediment deformation structures should occur in laterally continuous,preferably recurring horizons,separated by undeformed beds;(2) These deformation structures should be comparable with structures known to have been triggered by modern seismic activity;(3) The sedimentary basin should have experienced tectonic activity at the time when the deformations were formed; and(4) The intensity or abundance of the soft-sediment deformation structures in a presumed seismite should change laterally,depending on the distance to the *** turns out that all of these four criteria have important exceptions.(1) Soft-sediment deformation structures occurring over large lateral distances in a specific layer can be triggered also by other ***,in environments with a low sedimentation rate,the time between successive earthquakes is often too short to allow accumulation of beds that remain ***,total liquefaction of a sandy bed may result in the absence of deformation features.(2) No truly diagnostic sof

关键词： soft-sediment deformation structures seismites palaeo-earthquakes palaeoseismicity

Combining fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) inhibition with peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) activation: a new potential multi-target therapeutic strategy for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2020年第1期15卷 67-68页

作者： Leonardo Brunetti Antonio Laghezza Fulvio Loiodice Paolo Tortorella Luca Piemontese dipartimento di Farmacia-scienze del Farmaco Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro"

Alzheimer’s disease(AD)is a widespread pathology described for the first time by Alois Alzheimer in *** can be classified as a neurodegenerative disease consisting in a progressive loss of memory and cognitive functions,whose prevalence is estimated to grow due to the increasing life expectancies all over the *** date,the only treatments available for this disease are symptomatic and no actual effective cure is *** main effect of the drugs commonly used in therapeutic protocols is to temporarily delay the onset of the disease and to slightly improve the patients’cognitive capabilities(Piemontese,2017)(Figure 1).

关键词： Alzheimer drugs treatment