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Small heat shock protein B8:from cell functions to its involvement in diseases and potential therapeutic applications

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第10期20卷 2872-2886页

作者： Marta Chierichetti Riccardo Cristofani Valeria Crippa Veronica Ferrari Marta Cozzi Elena Casarotto Paola Pramaggiore Laura Cornaggia Guglielmo Patelli Ali Mohamed Margherita Piccolella Mariarita Galbiati Paola Rusmini Barbara Tedesco Angelo Poletti Laboratory of Experimental Biology Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari“Rodolfo Paoletti”(DiSFeB)Universitàdegli Studi di MilanoMilanItaly

Heat shock protein family B(small)member 8(HSPB8)is a 22 kDa ubiquitously expressed protein belonging to the family of small heat shock ***8 is involved in various cellular mechanisms mainly related to proteotoxic stress response and in other processes such as inflammation,cell division,and ***8 binds misfolded clients to prevent their aggregation by assisting protein refolding or degradation through chaperone-assisted selective *** line with this function,the pro-degradative activity of HSPB8 has been found protective in several neurodegenerative and neuromuscular diseases characterized by protein misfolding and *** cancer,HSPB8 has a dual role being capable of exerting either a pro-or an anti-tumoral activity depending on the pathways and factors expressed by the model of cancer under ***,HSPB8 exerts a protective function in different diseases by modulating the inflammatory response,which characterizes not only neurodegenerative diseases,but also other chronic or acute conditions affecting the nervous system,such as multiple sclerosis and intracerebellar *** note,HSPB8 modulation may represent a therapeutic approach in other neurological conditions that develop as a secondary consequence of other *** is the case of cognitive impairment related to diabetes mellitus,in which HSPB8 exerts a protective activity by assuring mitochondrial *** review aims to summarize the diverse and multiple functions of HSPB8 in different pathological conditions,focusing on the beneficial effects of its ***-based and alternative therapeutic approaches targeting HSPB8 and its regulated pathways will be discussed,emphasizing how new strategies for cell and tissue-specific delivery represent an avenue to advance in disease treatments.

关键词： aggregation autophagy cancer chaperone chaperone-assisted selective autophagy cognitive impairment HSPB8 neuroinflammation neuromuscular diseases therapy

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Schwann cell development,maturation and regeneration：a focus on classic and emerging intracellular signaling pathways

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Neural Regeneration Research 2017年第7期12卷 1013-1023页

作者： Luca Franco Castelnovo Veronica Bonalume Simona Melfi Marinella Ballabio Deborah Colleoni Valerio Magnaghi dipartimento di scienze farmacologiche e Biomolecolari Universita degli Studi di Milano Milan Italy

The development,maturation and regeneration of Schwann cells（SCs）,the main glial cells of the peripheral nervous system,require the coordinate and complementary interaction among several factors,signals and intracellular *** regulatory molecules consist of integrins,neuregulins,growth factors,hormones,neurotransmitters,as well as entire intracellular pathways including protein-kinase A,C,Akt,Erk/MAPK,Hippo,mTOR,*** instance,Hippo pathway is overall involved in proliferation,apoptosis,regeneration and organ size control,being crucial in cancer proliferation *** SCs,Hippo is linked to merlin and YAP/TAZ signaling and it seems to respond to mechanic/physical ***,among factors regulating SCs,also the signaling intermediates Src tyrosine kinase and focal adhesion kinase（FAK）proved relevant for SC fate,participating in the regulation of adhesion,motility,migration and in vitro *** SCs,the factors Src and FAK are regulated by the neuroactive steroid allopregnanolone,thus corroborating the importance of this steroid in the control of SC *** this review,we illustrate some old and novel signaling pathways modulating SC biology and functions during the different developmental,mature and regenerative states

关键词： myelin neuroactive steroids electromagnetic field peripheral nervous system

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Is maturity index an efficient tool to assess the effects of the physical disturbance on the marine nematode assemblages?—A critical interpretation of disturbance-induced maturity successions in some study cases in Maldives

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2016年第4期35卷 89-98页

作者： SEMPRUCCI F. COLANTONI P. BALSAMO M. dipartimento di scienze Biomolecolari (diSB) Università di Urbino

Maturity index（MI）, based on nematode life strategies, has been proposed in 1990 to assess the possible variations of the terrestrial and freshwater nematode assemblages induced by anthropogenic activities. It was subsequently applied also to marine ecosystems and, even if comparatively not yet very popular, it offers a good method to assess the ecological quality in relation to a wide range of anthropogenic drivers. However, few data are available on its response to physical stress, a key factor especially in the coastal areas. In this study, marine nematode genera from two study cases carried out in Maldives are used to test both MI and life strategy traits（i.e.,c-p classes） for detecting the effects of physical disturbance. The results confirm that nematodes are well adapted to physical stress showing a general high rate of recovery. C-p scaling and MI did not seem to be appropriate for revealing this disturbance type probably because there are no empirical evidences on the life strategy of several genera, and a possible differential response to various disturbance types may be hypothesized.

关键词： marine nematodes bioindicators maturity index hydrodynamism tsunami Maldives

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Hidden Vacuum Rabi Oscillations:Dynamical Quantum Superpositions of On/Off Interaction between a Single Quantum Dot and a Microcavity

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2017年第6期67卷 661-666页

作者： A.Ridolfo R.Stassi O.di Stefano dipartimento di scienze Matematiche Scienze Fisiche e Scienze della Terra Università di Messina CEMS RIKEN

We show that it is possible to realize quantum superpositions of switched-on and-off strong light-matter interaction in a single quantum dot-semiconductor microcavity *** superpositions enable the observation of counterintuitive quantum conditional dynamics *** are possible where cavity photons as well as the emitter luminescence display exponential decay but their joint detection probability exhibits vacuum Rabi ***,these quantum correlations are also present in the nonequilibrium steady state spectra of such coherently driven dissipative quantum systems.

关键词： Rabi oscillations quantum superposition nanostructures light-matter interaction

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A new method of discriminating different types of post-Archean ophiolitic basalts and their tectonic significance using Th-Nb and Ce-Dy-Yb systematics

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Geoscience Frontiers 2015年第4期6卷 481-501页

作者： Emilio Saccani dipartimento di Fisica e scienze della Terra Università di Ferrara

In this paper, a new discrimination diagram using absolute measures of Th and Nb is applied to postArchean ophiolites to best discriminate a large number of different ophiolitic basalts. This diagram was obtained using 〉2000 known ophiolitic basalts and was tested using -560 modern rocks from known tectonic settings. Ten different basaltic varieties from worldwide ophiolitic complexes have been examined. They include two basaltic types that have never been considered before, which are：（1） medium-Ti basalts （MTB） generated at nascent forearc settings; （2） a type of mid-ocean ridge basalts showing garnet signature （G-MORB） that characterizes Alpine-type （i,e., non volcanic） rifted margins and ocean-continent transition zones （OCTZ）. In the Th-Nb diagram, basalts generated in oceanic subductionunrelated settings, rifted margins, and OCTZ can be distinguished from subduction-related basalts with a misclassification rate 〈 1%. This diagram highlights the chemical variation of oceanic, rifted margin, and OCTZ basalts from depleted compositions to progressively more enriched compositions reflecting, in turn, the variance of source composition and degree of melting within the MORB-OIB array. It also highlights the chemical contributions of enriched （OIB-type） components to mantle sources. Enrichment of Th relative to Nb is particularly effective for highlighting crustal input via subduction or crustal contamination. Basalts formed at continental margin arcs and island arc with a complex polygenetic crust can be distinguished from those generated in intra-oceanic arcs in supra-subducrion zones （SSZ） with a misclassification rate 〈1%. Within the SSZ group, two sub-settings can be recognized with a misclassification rate 〈0.5%. They are：（1） SSZ influenced by chemical contribution from subduction- derived components （forearc and intra-arc sub-settings） characterized by island arc tholeiitic （IAT） and boninitic basalts; （2） SSZ with no contribution from subduction-derived comp

关键词： Basalts Ophiolite discrimination diagram Trace elements Plate tectonics

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Flash flood sediment transport in a steep sand-bed ephemeral stream

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International Journal of Sediment Research 2011年第2期26卷 193-209页

作者： Paolo BILLI dipartimento di scienze della Terra Universita di Ferrara

This paper reports about flow and sediment transport measurements undertaken during the rainy season(July-August) 2008 on Gereb Oda,a steep,sand-bed ephemeral stream,draining the western margin of the Kobo structural basin in northern *** Oda streambed is dry for most of the year since it is subjected only to sporadic flash floods in response to individual,high intensity and spatially confined *** about hydraulic and sediment transport processes in steep sand-bed,ephemeral stream is very poor and,though only two flash floods occurred during the field campaign,the data gathered may contribute to improve our knowledge on these kind of *** numbers were calculated in order to verify the occurrence of supercritical flow conditions as postulated by a few authors from the analysis of sedimentary structures *** data are also compared to simple models to predict flow velocity and discharge since flow recording systems are seldom installed on ephemeral streams in remote areas and developing *** rivers are known for their very high suspended sediment transport,but very little bedload data exist for sand-bed,ephemeral *** variation of suspended sediment concentration with discharge is analysed and simple rating curves for both suspended and bed load transport are derived.A few equations to predict bedload are tested against Gereb Oda data and the relationship between en masse bedload transport processes as thin sand sheets and the development of horizontal lamination through the migration of leaf-shaped,sheet-like bedforms is ***,large boulders were observed to move at flow depths of the same order of magnitude of their size.A few functions to predict the threshold conditions for large particles entrainment are used to verify if and to what extent they match Gereb Oda field *** increased density of the water-sediment mixture,for the very high suspended sediment concentr

关键词： Ephemeral stream Bedload Suspended load Flash flood Ethiopia

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The role of structural inheritance in continental break-up and exhumation of Alpine Tethyan mantle(Canavese Zone,Western Alps)

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Geoscience Frontiers 2020年第1期11卷 167-188页

作者： Andrea Festa Gianni Balestro Alessandro Borghi Sara De Caroli Andrea Succo dipartimento di scienze della Terra Universitàdi TorinoTorinoItaly dipartimento di scienze Chimiche della Vita e della SostenibilitàAmbientaleUniversitàdi ParmaParmaItaly

The Canavese Zone(CZ)in the Western Alps represents the remnant of the distal passive margin of the Adria microplate,which was stretched and thinned during the Jurassic opening of the Alpine *** detailed geological mapping,stratigraphic and structural analyses,we document that the continental break-up of Pangea and tectonic dismemberment of the Adria distal margin,up to mantle rocks exhumation and oceanization,did not simply result from the syn-rift Jurassic extension but was strongly favored by older structu ral inheritances(the Proto-Canavese Shear Zone),which controlled earlier lithospheric *** findings allowed to redefine in detail(i)the tectono-stratigraphic setting of the Variscan metamorphic basement and the Late Carbonife rous to Early Cretaceous CZ succession,(ii)the role played by inherited Late Carboniferous to Early Triassic structures and(iii)the significance of the CZ in the geodynamic evolution of the Alpine *** large amount of extensional displacement and crustal thinning occurred during different pulses of Late Carbonife rous-Early Triassic strike-slip tectonics is wellconsistent with the role played by long-lived regional-scale wrench faults(e.g.,the East-Variscan Shear Zone),suggesting a re-discussion of models of mantle exhumation driven by low-angle detachment faults as unique efficient mechanism in stretching and thinning continental crust.

关键词： Alpine Tethys Western Alps Jurassic ophiolite Structural inheritance Continental break-up Mantle exhumation

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The reaction of cinnamaldehyde and cinnam(o)yl derivatives with thiols

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2017年第4期7卷 523-526页

作者： Alessandro Autelitano Alberto Minassi Alberto Pagani Orazio Taglialatela-Scafati Giovanni Appendino dipartimento di scienze del Farmaco Università del Piemonte Orientale dipartimento di Farmacia Università di Napoli Federico Ⅱ

Spurred by the alleged relevance of the thia-Michael reaction in the bioactivity of various classes of cinnam(o)yl natural products and by the development of a quick NMR assay to study this reaction, we have carried out a systematic study of the "native" reactivity of these compounds with dodecanethiol and cysteamine as models, respectively, of simple thiols and reactive protein thiols that can benefit from iminium ion catalysis in Michael reactions. Cinnamoyl esters and amides, as well as cinnamyl ketones and oximes, did not show any reactivity with the two probe thiols, while cinnamaldehyde(1a) reacted with cysteamine to afford a mixture of a thiazoline derivative and compounds of multiple addition, and with aliphatic thiols to give a single bis-dithioacetal(6). Chalchones and their vinylogous C5-curcuminoid derivatives were the only cinnamoyl derivatives that gave a thiaMichael reaction. From a mechanistic standpoint, loss of conjugation in the adduct might underlie the lack of a native Michael reactivity. This property is restored by the presence of another conjugating group on the carbonyl, as in chalcones and C5-curcuminoids. A critical mechanistic revision of the chemical and biomedical literature on cinnamaldehyde and related compounds seems therefore required.

关键词： Cinnmaldeyde Michael addition Electrophiles Conjugation Cysteamine Chalcones

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Characterization of Glycerol-Extractable Organic Matter from Etna Soils of different Ages

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Pedosphere 2010年第1期20卷 120-128页

作者： A. BAGLIERI A. IOPPOLO M. NGRE C. ABBATE M. GENNARI dipartimento di scienze Agronomiche Agrochimiche e delle Produzioni Animali Sezione di Scienze Agrochimiche Universitàdi Catania dipartimento di Valorizzazione e protezione delle Risorse Agroforestali Settore Chimica Agraria Universitàdi Torino

We characterized humic acids （HAs） and glycerol-extractable organic fractions （GEOFs） extracted from four Andisols, taken from comparable soil-climate conditions on the east side of Mount Etna. The soils were formed on old lava （about 9000 years ago）, old tephra （about 8 700 years ago）, recent lava （about 2 600 years ago） and recent tephra （about 3600 years ago）. A part of the organic matter of the soils, deprived of HAs and fulvic acids （FAs）, was isolated by glycerol extraction. The GEOF can not be extracted with alkaline solutions, probably because it is closely bound to the mineral component of the soil. The characterization of the extracted organic fraction was carried out using elementary and functional group analysis and Fourier transform infrared （FT-IR） spectroscopy. About 20 extractions were necessary to extract the HA and FA from the older soils and about 10 extractions to extract them from the younger soils. Data showed that the CEOFs had a greater ash content and a smaller N content, as well as a greater presence of aliphatic compounds and carboxylic groups as compared to the HA extracted from the same soil. The GEOFs extracted from younger soils also had a lower yield, ash and COOH-group content, and were more aliphatic than the GEOF extracted from older soils. Finally, the GEOFs were more closely bound to the amorphous component of the soil （＇short-range＇ minerals） and consequently less subject to biodegradation.

关键词： Andisol Fourier transform infrared spectra humic substances

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Obligatory parthenogenesis and TE load： Bacillus stick insects and the R2 non-LTR retrotransposon

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Insect Science 2017年第3期24卷 409-417页

作者： Livia Bonandin Claudia Scavariello Valentina Mingazzini Andrea Luchetti Barbara Mantovani dipartimento di scienze Biologiche Geologiche e Ambientali Universit~ di Bologna Bologna Italy

Transposable elements （TEs） are selfish genetic elements whose self-replication is contrasted by the host genome. In this context, host reproductive strategies are predicted to impact on both TEs load and activity. The presence and insertion distribution of the non- LTR retrotransposon R2 was here studied in populations of the strictly bisexual Bacillus grandii maretimi and of the obligatory parthenogenetic Bacillus atticus atticus. Further- more, data were also obtained from the offspring of selected B. a. atticus females. At the population level, the gonochoric B. g. maretimi showed a significantly higher R2 load than the obligatory parthenogenetic B. a. atticus. The comparison with bisexual and unisexual Bacillus rossius populations showed that their values were higher than those recorded for B. a. atticus and similar, or even higher, than those of B. g. maretimi. Consistently, an R2 load reduction is scored in B. a. atticus offspring even if with a great variance. On the whole, data here produced indicate that in the obligatory unisexual B. a. atticus R2 is active and that mechanisms of molecular turnover are effective. Furthermore, progeny analyses show that, at variance of the facultative parthenogenetic B. rossius, the R2 activ- ity is held at a lower rate. Modeling parental-offspring inheritance, suggests that in B. a. atticus recombination plays a major role in eliminating insertions rather than selection, as previously suggested for unisexual B. rossius progeny, even if in both cases a high variance is observed. In addition to this, mechanisms of R2 silencing or chances of clonal selection cannot be ruled out.

关键词： insertion activity Muller's ratchet Phasmida recombination retrotranspo-son unisexuality

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