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Obligatory parthenogenesis and Te load： Bacillus stick insects and the R2 non-LTR retrotransposon

Insect Science 2017年第3期24卷 409-417页

作者： Livia Bonandin Claudia Scavariello Valentina Mingazzini Andrea Luchetti Barbara Mantovani dipartimento di scienze biologiche Geologiche e Ambientali Universit~ di Bologna Bologna Italy

Transposable elements （Tes） are selfish genetic elements whose self-replication is contrasted by the host genome. In this context, host reproductive strategies are predicted to impact on both Tes load and activity. The presence and insertion distribution of the non- LTR retrotransposon R2 was here studied in populations of the strictly bisexual Bacillus grandii maretimi and of the obligatory parthenogenetic Bacillus atticus atticus. Further- more, data were also obtained from the offspring of selected B. a. atticus females. At the population level, the gonochoric B. g. maretimi showed a significantly higher R2 load than the obligatory parthenogenetic B. a. atticus. The comparison with bisexual and unisexual Bacillus rossius populations showed that their values were higher than those recorded for B. a. atticus and similar, or even higher, than those of B. g. maretimi. Consistently, an R2 load reduction is scored in B. a. atticus offspring even if with a great variance. On the whole, data here produced indicate that in the obligatory unisexual B. a. atticus R2 is active and that mechanisms of molecular turnover are effective. Furthermore, progeny analyses show that, at variance of the facultative parthenogenetic B. rossius, the R2 activ- ity is held at a lower rate. Modeling parental-offspring inheritance, suggests that in B. a. atticus recombination plays a major role in eliminating insertions rather than selection, as previously suggested for unisexual B. rossius progeny, even if in both cases a high variance is observed. In addition to this, mechanisms of R2 silencing or chances of clonal selection cannot be ruled out.

关键词： insertion activity Muller's ratchet Phasmida recombination retrotranspo-son unisexuality

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Protective potential of glucagon like peptide 2(GLP-2) against the neurodegeneration

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Neural Regeneration Research 2019年第11期14卷 1901-1902页

作者： Antonella Amato Flavia Mulè dipartimento di scienze e Tecnologie biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STeBICeF) Università di Palermo

Neurodegeneration consists in loss of neuron specific types, pattern and distribution, leading to progressive dysfunctions of the central nervous system. Neurodegenerative diseases include diverse pathological conditions, among which Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases are the most prevalent ones. Alzheimer’s disease is known as a growing dementia, characterized by progressive language, memory, and cognitive loss, while Parkinson’s disease is primarily characterized as a motor disorder. Senile plaques, caused by amyloid β peptide, hyperphosphorylated taubased neurofibrillary tangles and synapse loss, are the principal pathological hallmarks of Alzheimer’s disease.

关键词： Protective potential glucagon like peptide 2(GLP-2) neurodegeneration

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Rare horizontal transmission does not hide long-term inheritance of SINe highly conserved domains in the metazoan evolution

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Current Zoology 2016年第6期62卷 667-674页

作者： Andrea LUCHeTTI Barbara MANTOVANI dipartimento di scienze biologiche Geologiche e Ambientali--Universit~ di Bologna Via Selmi 3 Bologna 40126Italy

Transposable elements （Tes） are self-replicating, mobile DNA sequences which constitute a significant fraction of eukaryotic genomes. They are generally considered selfish DNA, as their replication and random insertion may have deleterious effects on genome functionalities, although some beneficial effects and evolutionary potential have been recognized. Short interspersed elements （SINes） are non-autonomous Tes with a modular structure： a small RNA-related head, a body, and a long interspersed element-related tail. Despite their high turnover rate and de novo emergence, the body may retain highly conserved domains （HCDs） shared among divergent SINe families： in metazoans, at least nine HCD-SINes have been recognized. Data mining on public molecular databases allowed the retrieval of 16 new HCD-SINe families from cnidarian, molluscs, arthropods, and vertebrates. Tracking the ancestry of HCDs on the metazoan phylogeny revealed that some of them date back to the Radiata-Bilateria split. Moreover, phylogenetic and age versus divergence analyses of the most ancient HCDs suggested that long-term vertical inheritance is the rule, with few horizontal transfer events. We suggest that the evolutionary conservation of HCDs may be linked to their potential to serve as recombination hotspots. This indirectly affects host genomes by maintaining active and diverse SINe lineages, whose insertions may impact （either positively or negatively） on the evolution of the genome.

关键词： horizontal transfer Metazoan genome retrotransposons selfish DNA SINes highly conserved domain vertica inheritance.

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challenges of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2016年第34期22卷 7645-7659页

作者： Stefano Colagrande Andrea L Inghilesi Sami Aburas Gian G Taliani Cosimo Nardi Fabio Marra dipartimento di scienze Biomediche Sperimentali e cliniche University of Florence dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica Centro di Ricerca DenotheUniversity of Florence

Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) is an aggressive malignancy,resulting as the third cause of death by cancer each year. The management of patients with HCC is complex,as both the tumour stage and any underlying liver disease must be considered conjointly. Although surveillance by imaging,clinical and biochemical parameters is routinely performed,a lot of patients suffering from cirrhosis have an advanced stage HCC at the first diagnosis. Advanced stage HCC includes heterogeneous groups of patients with different clinical condition and radiological features and sorafenib is the only approved treatment according to Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer. Since the introduction of sorafenib in clinical practice,several phase Ⅲ clinical trials have failed to demonstrate any superiority over sorafenib in the frontline setting. Locoregional therapies have also been tested as first line treatment,but their role in advanced HCC is still matter of debate. No single agent or combination therapies have been shown to impact outcomes after sorafenib failure. Therefore this review will focus on the range of experimental therapeutics for patients with advanced HCC and highlights the successes and failures of these treatments as well as areas for future development. Specifics such as dose limiting toxicity and safety profile in patients with liver dysfunction related to the underlying chronic liver disease should be considered when developing therapies in HCC. Finally,robust validated and reproducible surrogate end-points as well as predictive biomarkers should be defined in future randomized trials.

关键词： Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer Portal vein thrombosis Modified Response evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors Advanced hepatocellular carcinoma management Advanced hepatocellular carcinoma second line therapies Sorafenib

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Statistical analysis of physico-mechanical parameters of sandstones occurring in orogenic settings

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Journal of Mountain Science 2024年第4期21卷 1388-1402页

作者： PAPPALARDO Giovanna CARBONe Serafina MONACO Carmelo ZOCCO Giordana MINeO Simone dipartimento di scienze biologiche Geologiche E AmbientaliUniversitàDegli Studi Di CataniaCorso Italia 5795129 CataniaItaly

In northeastern Sicily(Italy),sandstone rock masses widely crop out as cover deposits over crystalline terrains belonging to the orogenic *** being part of the same geological formation,these sandstones are characterized by highly different features in terms of texture and physico-mechanical *** poses a scientific question on the possibility of tracing these rocks to a single statistical model,which could be representative of their main engineering geological ***,it is worth investigating on the possible reasons of such differences,that should be searched either in the current geographical sandstone distribution or in the rock *** this study,sandstone samples were collected from different sites and were analyzed at both the hand and thin section *** sandstone types were recognized,characterized by a different ***,the laboratory characterization allowed estimating their main physico-mechanical and ultrasonic properties,such as porosity,density,mechanical strength,deformability,and ultrasonic *** rock mechanical strength proved linked to the rock compactness and to the presence of lithic fragments,while pores and a pseudo-matrix between grains represent weakening *** data were also statistically analyzed by grouping the specimens according to a geographical criterion,with respect to their sampling area,but no link was found between location and rock ***,with the aim of achieving mathematical laws that could be used to predict some rock properties from others,useful for practical purposes when dealing with such a high property variability,single and multiple regression analyses were carried *** show that the Uniaxial Compressive Strength,porosity,and P-wave velocity are the best predictors for a quick,indirect estimation of the main physico-mechanical *** methodological approach developed for this research can be taken as reference to study other world

关键词： Sandstone Laboratory test Uniaxial Compressive Strength Porosity Rocks

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PeG-PLGA electrospun nanofibrous membranes loaded with Au@Fe2O3 nanoparticles for drug delivery applications

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Frontiers of physics 2018年第1期13卷 65-73页

作者： Salvatore Spadaro Marco Santoro Francesco Barreca Angela Scala Simona Grimato Fortunato Neri enza Fazio dipartimento di scienze Matematiche e Informatiche Scienze Fisiche e Scienze della Terra Universita di Messina Viale F. Stagno D'Alcontres 31 98166 Messina Italy dipartimento di scienze Chimiche Biologiche Farmaceutiche e Ambientali Universita di Messina Viale F. Stagno D'Alcontres 31 98166 Messina Italy

A PeGylated-PLGA random nanofibrous membrane loaded with gold and iron oxide nanoparticles and with silibinin was prepared by electrospinning deposition. The nanofibrous membrane can be remotely controlled and activated by a laser light or magnetic field to release biological agents on demand. The nanosystems were characterized using scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analyses. The drug loading efficiency and drug content percentages were determined by UV-vis optical absorption spectroscopy. The nanofibrous membrane irradiated by a relatively low-intensity laser or stimulated by a magnetic field showed sustained silibinin release for at least 60 h, without the burst effect. The proposed low-cost electrospinning procedure is capable of assembling, via a one-step procedure, a stimuli-responsive drug-loaded nanosystem with metallic nanoparticles to be externally activated for controlled drug delivery.

关键词： Au@Fe2O3 nanoparticles PeG-PLGA copolymer pulsed laser ablation electrospinning,drug delivery

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Antioxidant dietary approach in treatment of fatty liver: New insights and updates

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2017年第23期23卷 4146-4157页

作者： Alessandra Ferramosca Mariangela di Giacomo Vincenzo Zara dipartimento di scienze e Tecnologie biologiche ed Ambientali Università del Salento Via Provinciale Lecce-Monteroni

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) is a common clinicopathological condition, encompassing a range of conditions caused by lipid deposition within liver cells. To date, no approved drugs are available for the treatment of NAFLD, despite the fact that it represents a serious and growing clinical problem in the Western world. Identification of the molecular mechanisms leading to NAFLD-related fat accumulation, mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative balance impairment facilitates the development of specific interventions aimed at preventing the progression of hepatic steatosis. In this review, we focus our attention on the role of dysfunctions in mitochondrial bioenergetics in the pathogenesis of fatty liver. Major data from the literature about the mitochondrial targeting of some antioxidant molecules as a potential treatment for hepatic steatosis are described and critically analysed. There is ample evidence of the positive effects of several classes of antioxidants, such as polyphenols(i.e., resveratrol, quercetin, coumestrol, anthocyanins, epigallocatechin gallate and curcumin), carotenoids(i.e., lycopene, astaxanthin and fucoxanthin) and glucosinolates(i.e., glucoraphanin, sulforaphane, sinigrin and allyl-isothiocyanate), on the reversion of fatty liver. Although the mechanism of action is not yet fully elucidated, in some cases an indirect interaction with mitochondrial metabolism is expected. We believe that such knowledge will eventually translate into the development of novel therapeutic approaches for fatty liver.

关键词： Hepatic steatosis Fatty liver Lipogenesis Mitochondria Oxidative stress

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Modulation of hepatic steatosis by dietary fatty acids

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第7期20卷 1746-1755页

作者： Alessandra Ferramosca Vincenzo Zara dipartimento di scienze e Tecnologie biologiche ed Ambientali Università del SalentoI-73100 LecceItaly

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) describes a range of conditions caused by fat deposition within liver cells. Liver fat content reflects the equilibrium between several metabolic pathways involved in triglyceride synthesis and disposal, such as lipolysis in adipose tissue and de novo lipogenesis, triglyceride esterification, fatty acid oxidation and very-low-density lipoprotein synthesis/secretion in hepatic tissue. In particular, it has been demonstrated that hepatic de novo lipogenesis plays a significant role in NAFLD pathogenesis. It is widely known that the fatty acid composition of the diet influences hepatic lipogenesis along with other metabolic pathways. Therefore, dietary fat may not only be involved in the pathogenesis of hepatic steatosis, but may also prevent and/or reverse hepatic fat accumulation. In this review, major data from the literature about the role of some dietary fats as a potential cause of hepatic fat accumulation or as a potential treatment for NAFLD are described. Moreover, biochemical mechanisms responsible for an increase or decrease in hepatic lipid content are critically analyzed. It is noteworthy that both quantitative and qualitative aspects of dietary fat influence triglyceride deposition in the liver. A high-fat diet or the dietary administration of conjugated linoleic acids induced hepatic steatosis. In contrast, supplementation of the diet with krill oil or pine nut oil helped in the prevention and/or in the treatment of steatotic liver. Quite interesting is the “case” of olive oil, since several studies have often provided different and/or conflicting results in animal models.

关键词： Hepatic steatosis Non-alcoholic fatty liver Fatty acids Lipogenesis

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Biofabrication of nanovesicles for brain diseases

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Neural Regeneration Research 2023年第3期18卷 525-526页

作者： Pasquale Picone Domenico Nuzzo Istituto per la Ricerca e l’Innovazione Biomedica CNRDipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e FarmaceuticheUniversitàdi PalermoPalermoItaly

Background:Nanotechnologies promise to improve disease diagnosis and treatment,overcoming the limitations of conventional *** particular,extracellular vesicles(eVs)and artificial vesicles(AVs)are strongly emerging tools in nanomedicine(Leggio et al.,2020).eVs are cell-derived membrane structures secreted after the fusion of endosomes with the plasma membrane(exosomes)or shed from the plasma membrane(microvesicles).eVs are released by different brain cells(neurons,oligodendrocytes,astrocytes,and microglia)and constitute a physiological intercellular communication ***,eVs can deliver different types of molecules(nucleic acids and proteins),which often influence the phenotype of the recipient *** play a physiological role in the central nervous system(CNS),such as development,myelination,regeneration,and synaptic activity(Lai et al.,2012).Due to their content,eVs could therefore constitute an important biomarker for neurodegenerative diseases,represent candidates for therapeutic use,enclosing regulatory molecules,or be considered as vectors for brain drug delivery(Croese et al.,2018).

关键词： diseases diagnosis constitute

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Rapid determination of anti-estrogens by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry in urine:Method validation and application to real samples

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Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis 2012年第1期2卷 1-11页

作者： e. Gerace A. Salomone G. Abbadessa S. Racca M. Vincenti Centro Regionale Antidoping "A. Bertinaria" Regione Gonzole 10/1 10043 Orbassano Turin Italy dipartimento di scienze cliniche e biologiche Universita degli Studi di Torino dipartimento di Chimica Analitica Universit a degli Studi di Torino

A fast screening protocol was developed for the simultaneous determination of nine antiestrogenic agents (aminoglutethimide, anastrozole, clomiphene, drostanolone, formestane, letrozole, mesterolone, tamoxifen, testolactone) plus five of their metabolites in human urine. After an enzymatic hydrolysis, these compounds can be extracted simultaneously from urine with a simple liquid–liquid extraction at alkaline conditions. The analytes were subsequently analyzed by fast-gas chromatography/ mass spectrometry (fast-GC/MS) after derivatization. The use of a short column, high-fiow carrier gas velocity and fast temperature ramping produced an efficient separation of all analytes in about 4 min, allowing a processing rate of 10 samples/h. The present analytical method was validated according to UNI eN ISO/IeC 17025 guidelines for qualitative methods. The range of investigated parameters included the limit of detection, selectivity, linearity, repeatability, robustness and extraction efficiency. High MSsampling rate, using a benchtop quadrupole mass analyzer, resulted in accurate peak shape definition under both scan and selected ion monitoring modes, and high sensitivity in the latter mode. Therefore, the performances of the method are comparable to the ones obtainable from traditional GC/MS analysis. The method was successfully tested on real samples arising from clinical treatments of hospitalized patients and could profitably be used for clinical studies on anti-estrogenic drug administration.

关键词： Anti-estrogens Fast-GC/MS Urine screening Validation Breast cancer

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