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Evaluation of dietary addition of 2 essential oils from Achillea moschata,or their components (bornyl acetate,camphor,and eucalyptol) on in vitro ruminal fermentation and microbial community composition

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Animal Nutrition 2021年第1期7卷 224-231页

作者： Stefania Colombini Andrea Rota Graziosi Pietro Parma Marcello Iriti Sara Vitalini Chiara Sarnataro Mauro Spanghero dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali—Produzione TerritorioAgroenergiaUniversitàDegli Studi di MilanoVia Celoria 220133 MilanoItaly dipartimento di Scienze Agroalimentari Ambientali e AnimaliUniversitàDegli Studi di Udine33100 UdineItaly

This study investigated the effects of 2 Achillea moschata essential oils extracted from plants collected in 2 different valleys of the Italian Alps and 3 pure compounds of oils—bornyl acetate(BOR),camphor(CAM),and eucalyptol(EUCA)—on in vitro ruminal fermentation and *** in vitro batch fermentation experiment(Exp.1)tested the addition of all of the substances(2 essential oils and 3 compounds)in fermentation bottles(120 mL)at 48 h of incubation,whereas a subsequent in vitro continuous culture experiment(Exp.2)evaluated the pure compounds added to the fermenters(2 L)for a longer incubation period(9 d).In both experiments,total mixed rations were incubated with the additives,and samples without additives were included as the control(CTR).Each treatment was tested in duplicate and was repeated in 3 and 2 fermentation runs in Exp.1 and 2,*** production(GP)in Exp.1 was similar for all of the treatments,and short chain volatile fatty acid(SCFA)production was similar in both experiments except for a decrease of SCFA produced(P=0.029)due to EUCA addition in *** to CTR,BOR and CAM reduced the valerate proportion(P=0.04)in Exp.1,and increased(Pdition increased(P=0.012)the *** Exp.1,methane(CH4)as a proportion of the GP was lowered(P=0.004)by the addition of CAM and EUCA compared to CTR,whereas in Exp.2,EUCA reduced the amount of stoichiometrically calculated CH4 compared to ***,essential oils extracted from *** and the pure compounds did not depress in vitro rumen fermentation,except for EUCA in *** both experiments,an increase of the protozoal population occurred for all the additives.

关键词： Methane Rumen fermentation Achillea moschata Protozoa Microbiome

Evaluation of mercury biogeochemical cycling at the sediment–water interface in anthropogenically modified lagoon environments

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2018年第6期30卷 5-23页

作者： Elisa Petranich Stefano Covelli Alessandro Acquavita Jadran Faganeli Milena Horvat Marco Contin dipartimento di Matematica e Geoscienze Universita degli Studi di Trieste Via Weiss 2 34128 Trieste Italy dipartimento di Scienze della Vita Universita degli Studi di Trieste Via Licio Giorgieri 5 34128 Trieste Italy CoN.I.S.Ma. Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Scienze del Mare Piazzale Flaminio 9 00196 Rome Italy Agenzia Regionale per la Protezione Ambientale del Friuli Venezia Giulia ARPA FVC Via Cairoli 14 33057 Palmanoua (Udine) Italy Marine Biological Station Fornace 41 6330 Piran Slovenia Department of Environmental Sciences Joker Stefan Institute Jamova 39 1000 Ljubljana Slovenia dipartimento di Scienze Agro-Alimentari Ambientali e Animali Universita di Udine Via delle Scienze 206 33100 Udine Italy

The Marano and Grado Lagoon is well known for being contaminated by mercury（Hg） from the Idrija mine（Slovenia） and the decommissioned chlor-alkali plant of Torviscosa（Italy）.Experimental activities were conducted in a local fish farm to understand Hg cycling at the sediment–water interface. Both diffusive and benthic fluxes were estimated in terms of chemical and physical features. Mercury concentration in sediments（up to 6.81 μg/g）showed a slight variability with depth, whereas the highest methylmercury（MeHg） values（up to 10 ng/g） were detected in the first centimetres. MeHg seems to be produced and stored in the 2–3 cm below the sediment–water interface, where sulphate reducing bacteria activity occurs and hypoxic–anoxic conditions become persistent for days. DMeHg in porewaters varied seasonally（from 0.1 and 17% of dissolved Hg（DHg）） with the highest concentrations in summer. DHg diffusive effluxes higher（up to 444 ng/m^2/day） than those reported in the open lagoon（~ 95 ng/m^2/day）, whereas DMeHg showed influxes in the fish farm（up to-156 ng/m^2/day）. The diurnal DHg and DMeHg benthic fluxes were found to be higher than the highest summer values previously reported for the natural lagoon environment. Bottom sediments, especially in anoxic conditions, seem to be a significant source of MeHg in the water column where it eventually accumulates. However, net fluxes considering the daily trend of DHg and DMeHg, indicated possible DMeHg degradation processes. Enhancing water dynamics in the fish farm could mitigate environmental conditions suitable for Hg methylation.

关键词： Mercury Benthic fluxes Biogeochemistry lagoons Sediment–water interface

differential regulation of triterpene biosynthesis induced by an early failure in cuticle formation in apple

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Horticulture Research 2021年第1期8卷 911-925页

作者： Luigi Falginella Christelle M.Andre Sylvain Legay Kui Lin-Wang Andrew P.Dare Cecilia Deng Ria Rebstock Blue J.Plunkett Lindy Guo Guido Cipriani Richard V.Espley dipartimento di Scienze Agroalimentari Ambientali e AnimaliUniversity of UdineUdineItaly Research Center Vivai Cooperativi RauscedoRauscedoItaly The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research AucklandNew Zealand The Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology Esch-sur-AlzetteLuxembourg

Waxy apple cuticles predominantly accumulate ursane-type triterpenes,but the profile shifts with the induction of skin russeting towards lupane-type *** previously characterised several key enzymes in the ursane-type and lupane-type triterpene pathways,but this switch in triterpene metabolism associated with loss of cuticle integrity is not fully *** analyse the relationship between triterpene biosynthesis and russeting,we used microscopy,RNA-sequencing and metabolite profiling during apple fruit *** compared the skin of three genetically-close clones of‘Golden Delicious’(with waxy,partially russeted and fully russeted skin).We identified a unique molecular profile for the russet clone,including low transcript abundance of multiple cuticle-specific metabolic pathways in the early stages of fruit *** correlation analyses between gene transcription and metabolite concentration we found MYB transcription factors strongly associated with lupane-type triterpene *** showed how their transcription changed with the onset of cuticle cracking followed by russeting and that one factor,MYB66,was able to bind the promoter of the oxidosqualene cyclase OSC5,to drive the production of lupeol *** results provide insights into the breakdown of cuticle integrity leading to russet and how this drives MYB-regulated changes to triterpene biosynthesis.

关键词： metabolism Golden cracking

Replacement of fishmeal by plant protein in turbot(Psetta maxima) :performance,nitrogen budget and histological evaluation

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Replacement of fishmeal by plant protein in turbot(Psetta ma...

Serotyping and genotyping ofEscherichia Coli strains from clinically healthy and colibacillosis affected flocks

The 14th International Symposium on Fish Nutrition & Feeding

作者： Alessio Bonaldo Luca Parma Luciana Mandrioli Rubina Sirri Ramon Fontanillas Wolfgang Koppe Pier Paolo Gatta dipartimento di Morfofisiologia Veterinaria e produzioni animali Via Tolara di Sopra 5040064 BolognaItaly dipartimento di Sanita Pubblica Veterinaria e Patologia Animale Via Tolara di Sopra 5040064 BolognaItaly Skretting Aquaculture Research Centre Box 48N-4001 StavangerNorway

The aim of the present study is to determine the effects of fish meal substitution by plant protein(soybean meal,wheat gluten and corn gluten) in turbot Psetta maxima juveniles’ diet in terms of growth,nitrogen budget and gut *** isoproteic and isolipidic diets(protein: 53%,lipid:22%) were manufactured using extrusion technology and common feed ingredients. diets were formulated containing 55(FM55),45(FM45),35(FM35) and 25%(FM25) fishmeal (FM).480 juveniles(initial body weight:23-24g) were equally distributed into twelve 450 liters tanks connected with a recirculation system(temperature 18℃±1,photoperiod 12hrs of light, dissolved oxygen above 6.5 ppm).Animals have been hand-fed twice a day to apparent satiation during the week and once on *** were tested in triplicate for 77 *** the beginning and at the end of the trial,fish were weighed to determine performances and pools of animals were taken for carcass proximate composition analysis,nutrient retention calculation and histopathological gut *** the end of the growth trial,ammonia excretion has been also measured during a 24 ***-way ANOVA with Newmann - Keuls’ post test were used to analyze data(P≤0.05).No differences in terms of palatability were observed and feed intake was similar among groups(from 1.14 to 1.19%day).At the end of the experiment,final weight ranged from 126.6(FM55) to 99.5 g(FM45).A significant decreasing of specific growth rate(SGR) was observed from fish fed diet FM55(2.14%day) to those fed diets FM35 and FM25(2.01 and 1.82%day,respectively) together with an increasing of feed conversion rate (FCR)(0.65 vs.0.70-074).Fish fed diet FM45 showed intermediate values for both indices(SGR: 2.09%day;FCR:0.67).No statistical differences were found in terms of PER or GPE between fish fed diet FM55 and *** fed diet FM55 presented a lower ammonia excretion in comparison with those fed diet FM 25(2.61 vs.3.41 g N-NH 100g protein intake).Experimental diets

关键词： Turbot Psetta maxima Fish meal substitution Growth Gut histology

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Serotyping and genotyping ofEscherichia Coli strains from cl...

Recent Achievements in the Bio-control of Orobanche Infesting Important Crops in the Mediterranean Basin

The 15th World Veterinary Poultry Congress

作者： Elena Circella Giordano Bruni Donato Pennelli Patrizia Battista Giancarlo di Paola Silvia Tagliabue Antonio Camarda dipartimento di Sanità e Benessere degli animali Sezione di Patologia AviareUniversità degli Studi di BariItaly. dipartimento di Sanità e Benessere degli animali Sezione di Patologia AviareUniversità degli Studi di BariItaly. Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna BresciaItaly dipartimento di Sanità e Benessere degli animali Sezione di Patologia AviareUniversità degli Studi di BariItaly. dipartimento di Sanità e Benessere degli animali Sezione di Patologia AviareUniversità degli Studi di BariItaly. Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna BresciaItaly dipartimento di Sanità e Benessere degli animali Sezione di Patologia AviareUniversità degli Studi di BariItaly

＜正＞112 Escherichia（E.）coli strains from laying hens of 23 different farms of Apulia were serotyped and tested for the presence of virulence *** particular,we tested for iss - increased serum survival protein, irp2 - iron-repressible protein,iucD - aerobactin,tsh - temperature-sensitive haemagglutinin,vat - vacuolating

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Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology(A) 2011年第4X期1卷 461-483页

作者： A. Evidente M. A. Abouzeid A. Andolfi A. Cimmino dipartimento di Scien.ze del Suolo della Pianta dell 'Ambiente e delle Produzioni Animali Universitb degli Studi di Napoli Federico II Via universitgt 100 Portici (NA) 80055 Italy Department of Microbiology Faculty of Science University of Ain Shams Abbassia 11566 Cairo Egypt

Orobanche spp. （broomrapes） are holoparasitic plants distributed predominantly in the Northern Hemisphere parasitizing the roots of a range of plant species mainly in wild ecosystems. Orobanche species cause severe yield reduction of many important crops. There are only very few herbicides which are able to selectively control broomrapes and different approaches have been put forward to develop natural product based pesticides to control Orobanche. Several phytopathogenic fungi were evaluated for their use as potential mycoherbicide and for ability to produce toxic metabolites which could be applied as herbicides. Using the alternative approach ＂suicidal germination＂, interesting results were obtained by testing two microbial metabolites （fusicoccins and ophiobolin A） especially with Orobanche species whose germination is not induced by the synthetic strigolactone GR24. From pea root exudates, peagol and peagoldione, close related to strigolactones, and three polyphenols, named peapolyphenols A-C, together with already well known polyphenol and a chalcone, were isolated. They showed a selective stimulation of Orobanche seed germination with the last two and peapolyphenol A showing a specific stimulatory activity on O. foetida. This review describes the most recent results achieved on Orobanche bio-control, mainly focusing on those regarding O. ramosa, O. crenata and O. foetida.

关键词： Broomrape O. crenata O. ramosa biological control phytopathogenic fungi phytotoxic metabolites suicidal seedgermination.

Effects of Exposure to Extremely Low Frequency Electro-magnetic Fields on Circadian Rhythms and distribution of Some Leukocyte differentiation Antigens in Dairy Cows

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2007年第2期20卷 164-170页

作者： CALOGERO STELLETTA PAOLA DE NARDO FRANCESCO SANTIN GIUSEPPE BASSO BARBARA MICHIELOTTO GIUSEPPE PICCIONE MASSIMO MORGANTE Università degli Studi di Padova Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche VeterinarieViale dell'Università 1635020 Legnaro(PD)Italy Istituto Superiore di Sanità Dipartimento Ambiente e Connessa Prevenzione Primaria Viale Regina Elena 29900161 RomaItaly Università degli Studi di Padova Oncoematologia Pediatrica Via Giustiniani 335128 PadovaItaly Università degli Studi di Messina Dipartimento di Morfologia BiochimicaFisiologia e Produzioni AnimaliLaboratorio di Cronofisiologia VeterinariaSezione di Fisiologia VeterinariaPolo Universitario dell'Annunziata98168MessinaItaly

Objective To investigate the effects of extremely low frequency magnetic and electric fields （ELFEMFs） emitted from 380 kV transmission lines on some leukocyte differentiation antigens in dairy cows. Methods The study was carded out in 5 cows exposed to 1.98-3.28 μT of ELFEMFs and in 5 control cows exposed to 0.2-0.7 μT of ELFEMFs. Following haematological and immunologic parameters were measured in both groups： WBC, CD45R, CD6, CD4, CD8, CD21, and CD11B leukocyte antigen expression. Results Some of the haematological and immunologic parameters under investigation were similar in both groups. However, CD8 （T lymphocyte surface antigen） was higher in the exposed group （1.35 ±0.120 vs 0.50 ±0.14×10^3/mL）. Furthermore, the CD4/CD8 ratio （0.84 ±0.05 and 2.19±0.16 for exposed and not exposed cows respectively） and circadian rhythm were different between the two groups. Conclusion Exposure to ELFEMFs is responsible of the abnormal temporal variations and distribution of some haematological and immunological parameters in dairy cows.

关键词： Electro-magnetic fields Low frequency Leukocyte Circadian rhythm Dairy cow

Phenotypic and genotypic background underlying variations in fatty acid composition and sensory parameters in European bovine breeds

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2014年第2期5卷 154-162页

作者： Natalia Sevane Hubert Levéziel Geoffrey R Nute Carlos Sanudo Alessio Valentini John Williams Susana Dunner the GeMQual Consortium Departamento de Producción Animal Facultad de Veterinaria Universidad Complutense de Madrid Madrid Spain INRA UMR 1061 F-87000 LimogesFrance Umversité de Limoges UMR 1061 F-87000 Limoges France division of Farm Animal Science University of Bristol Bristol BS40 5DU UK Departimento de Producción Animal y Ciencia de los Alimentos Universidad de Zaragoza 50013 Zaragoza Spain dipartimento di produzioni animali Universitá della Tuscia via De Lellis 01100 Viterbo italy Parco Tecnologico Padano Via Einstein Polo Universitario 26900 Lodi Italy

Background： Consuming moderate amounts of lean red meat as part of a balanced diet valuably contributes to intakes of essential nutrients, in this study, we merged phenotypic and genotypic information to characterize the variation in lipid profile and sensory parameters and to represent the diversity among 15 cattle populations. Correlations between fat content, organoleptic characteristics and lipid profiles were also investigated. Methods： A sample of 436 largely unrelated purebred bulls belonging to 15 breeds and reared under comparable management conditions was analyzed. Phenotypic data -including fatness score, fat percentage, individual fatty acids （FA） profiles and sensory panel tests- and genotypic information from 11 polymorphisms was used. Results： The correlation coefficients between muscle total lipid measurements and absolute vs. relative amounts of polyunsaturated FA （PUFA） were in opposite directions. Increasing carcass fat leads to an increasing amount of FAs in triglycerides, but at the same time the relative amount of PUFAs is decreasing, which is in concordance with the negative correlation obtained here between the percentage of PUFA and fat measurements, as well as the weaker correlation between total phospholipids and total lipid muscle content compared with neutral lipids. Concerning organoleptic characteristics, a negative correlation between fiavour scores and the percentage of total PUFA, particularly to n-6 fraction, was found. The correlation between juiciness and texture is higher than with flavour scores. The distribution of SNPs plotted by principal components analysis （PCA） mainly reflects their known trait associations, although influenced by their specific breed allele frequencies. Conclusions： The results presented here help to understand the phenotypic and genotypic background underlying variations in FA composition and sensory parameters between breeds. The wide range of traits and breeds studied, along with the genotypic informa

关键词： Bos taurus Beef Fatty acids Omega-3 Genotype assisted selection