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Neurogenesis in the adult olfactory bulb

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Neural Regeneration Research 2011年第8期6卷 575-600页

作者： Angela Pignatelli Cristina Gambardella Ottorino Belluzzi dipartimento di Biologia ed Evoluzione Università degli Studi di FerraraItaly Istituto Nazionale di neuroscienze Sezione di FerraraItaly

Neurogenesis is the process by which cells divide, migrate, and subsequently differentiate into a neuronal phenotype. Significant rates of neurogenesis persist into adulthood in two brain regions, the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus and the subventricular zone of the lateral ventricles. Cells of the subventricular zone divide and migrate via the rostral migratory stream to the olfactory bulb where they differentiate into granule and pefiglomerular cells. With the discovery of large-sca^e neurogenesis in the adult brain, there have been significant efforts to identify the mechanisms that control this process as well as the role of these cells in neuronal functioning. Although many questions remain unanswered, new insights appear daily about adult neurogenesis, regulatory mechanisms, and the fates of the progeny. In this review we highlight the main studies investigating factors that regulate neurogenesis in the subventricular zone, neuronal migration to the olfactory bulb, neuronal integration into the existing bulbar network and shortly discuss the functional meaning of this process.

关键词： stem cells adult neurogenesis olfactory bulb rostral migratory stream subventricular zone

Electrophysiology of Sodium Receptors in Taste Cells

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Journal of Biomedical Science and Engineering 2016年第8期9卷 367-383页

作者： Albertino Bigiani dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche Metaboliche e Neuroscienze Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia Modena Italy

Sodium intake is important to maintain proper osmolarity and volume of extracellular fluid in vertebrates. The ability to find sources of sodium ions for managing electrolyte homeostasis relies on the activity of the taste system to sense salt. Several studies have been performed to understand the mechanisms underlying Na+ reception in taste cells, the peripheral detectors for food chemicals. It is now generally accepted that Na+ interacts with specific ion channels in taste cell membrane, called sodium receptors. As ion channels, these proteins mediate transmembrane ion fluxes (that is, electrical currents) during their operation. Thus, a lot of information on the functional properties of sodium receptors has been obtained by using electrophysiological techniques. Here, I review our current knowledge on the biophysical and physiological features of these receptors obtained by applying the patch-clamp recording techniques to single taste cells.

关键词： Sodium Taste Epithelial Sodium Channel Patch-Clamp Recording

Dose escalation of adalimumab as a strategy to overcome anti-drug antibodies:A case report of infantile-onset inflammatory bowel disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2023年第38期29卷 5428-5434页

作者： Silvana Ancona Sara Signa Chiara Longo Giuliana Cangemi Roberta Carfora Enrico Drago Alessandro La Rosa Marco Crocco Andrea Chiaro Paolo Gandullia Serena Arrigo dipartimento di neuroscienze RiabilitazioneOftalmologiaGenetica e Scienze Materno-Infantili(DINOGMI)Universitàdegli Studi di GenovaGenova 16126Italy Pediatric Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit IRCCS Istituto Giannina GasliniGenova 16147Italy Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry Section Central Laboratory of AnalysisIRCCS Istituto Giannina GasliniGenova 16147Italy

BACKGROUND Treatment of infantile-onset inflammatory bowel disease(IO-IBD)is often challenging due to its aggressive disease course and failure of standard therapies with a need for *** loss of response is frequently caused by the production of anti-drug antibodies,a well-known problem in IBD patients on biologic *** present a case of IO-IBD treated with therapeutic drug monitoring(TDM)-guided high-dose anti-tumor necrosis factor therapy,in which dose escalation monitoring was used as a strategy to overcome anti-drug *** SUMMARY A 5-mo-old boy presented with a history of persistent hematochezia from the 10th d of life,as well as relapsing perianal abscess and growth ***,anemia,and elevated inflammatory markers were also *** assessment revealed skip lesions with deep colic ulcerations,inflammatory anal sub-stenosis,and deep fissures with persistent abscess.A diagnosis of IO-IBD Crohn-like was *** patient was initially treated with oral steroids and *** the perianal abscess healed,adalimumab(ADA)was administered with concomitant gradual tapering of *** and biochemical steroid-free remission was achieved with good trough *** 3 mo,antibodies to ADA(ATA)were found with undetectable trough levels;therefore,we optimized the therapy schedule,first administering 10 mg weekly and subsequently up to 20 mg weekly(2.8 mg/kg/dose).After 2 mo of high-dose treatment,ATA disappeared,with concomitant high trough levels and stable clinical and biochemical remission of the *** TDM-guided high-dose ADA treatment as a monotherapy overcame ATA *** strategy could be a good alternative to combination therapy,especially in very young patients.

关键词： Infantile-onset inflammatory bowel disease Adalimumab Loss of response Dose escalation Anti-drug antibodies Case report

Functional topography of the corpus callosum investigated by DTI and f MRI

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World Journal of Radiology 2014年第12期6卷 895-906页

作者： Mara Fabri Chiara Pierpaoli Paolo Barbaresi Gabriele Polonara dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica Sezione di Neuroscienze e Biologia Cellulare Università Politecnica delle Marche dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche Specialistiche e Odontostomatologiche Sezione di Scienze Radiologiche Università Politecnica delle Marche

This short review examines the most recent functional studies of the topographic organization of the human corpus callosum, the main interhemispheric commissure. After a brief description of its anatomy, development, microstructure, and function, it examines and discusses the latest findings obtained using diffusion tensor imaging(DTI) and tractography(DTT) and functional magnetic resonance imaging(f MRI), three recently developed imaging techniques that have significantly expanded and refined our knowledge of the commissure. While DTI and DTT have been providing insights into its microstructure, integrity and level of myelination, f MRI has been the key technique in documenting the activation of white matter fibers, particularly in the corpus callosum. By combining DTT and f MRI it has been possible to describe the trajectory of the callosal fibers interconnecting the primary olfactory, gustatory, motor, somatic sensory, auditory and visual cortices at sites where the activation elicited by peripheral stimulation was detected by fMRI. These studies have demonstrated the presence of callosal fiber tracts that cross the commissure at the level of the genu, body, and splenium, at sites showing f MRI activation. Altogether such findings lend further support to the notion that the corpus callosum displays a functional topographic organization that can be explored with f MRI.

关键词： Corpus callosum Interhemispheric transfer Functional magnetic resonance imaging and diffusion tensor imaging Brain imaging Topographic organization

Acupuncture-Induced Pain Relief and Salivary Hormone Changes in Men and Women

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Open Journal of Endocrine and Metabolic diseases 2020年第3期10卷 29-43页

作者： Ilaria Ceccarelli Fu Bao Tian Stefano Pieretti Paola Minosi Samuele Paparo Barbaro Paolo Fiorenzani Jessica Pinassi Anna Maria Aloisi dipartimento Scienze Mediche Chirurgiche e Neuroscienze Università di Siena Siena Italy dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Molecolare Università La Sapienza Rome Italy Centro Nazionale Ricerca e Valutazione Preclinica e Clinica dei Farmaci Istituto Superiore di Sanità Rome Italy

Objective: The aim of the present study was to examine the efficacy of acupuncture in the treatment of pain together with the determination of different hormonal parameters for possible correlations in men and women of different ages. Methods: 39 women and 38 men suffering from pain and seeking acupuncture received acupuncture treatment twice a week for 5 weeks. Pain and quality of life parameters were collected via written questionnaires (VAS, QUID and SF-36), while testosterone and cortisol were determined in the saliva. Results: Cortisol and testosterone salivary levels were higher in controls than in pain subjects and higher in men than in women. Acupuncture treatment improved all parameters, decreased pain and changed the hormonal values differently depending on sex and age. Conclusions: Sex and age are important factors in changing the effects of acupuncture in the treatment of pain.

关键词： Pain Acupuncture Hormones Saliva

Stroke and depression: A bidirectional link

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World Journal of Meta-Analysis 2014年第3期2卷 49-63页

作者： Elisabetta Del Zotto Paolo Costa Andrea Morotti Loris Poli Valeria de Giuli Alessia Giossi Irene Volonghi Antonio Callea Alessandro Padovani Alessandro Pezzini U.O. di Recupero e Rieducazione Funzionale IRCCS Fondazione Don Gnocchi dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Sperimentali Clinica NeurologicaUniversità degli Studi di Brescia U.O Neurologia Istituto Clinico "S. Anna" dipartimento Fisiopatologia Medico-Chirurgica e dei Trapianti Sezione di NeuroscienzeUniversità degli Studi di Milano

A number of studies have assessed the influence of depression on the risk of cardiovascular disease. A growing literature indicates a link between depression and cerebrovascular events, although the direction of this association remains unclear. Numerous data have emerged suggesting an association between depressive symptoms and subsequent risk of stroke, thus leading to the hypothesis that a direct causality between depression and stroke exists. Notwithstanding, how depression may act as a risk factor for stroke is still unclear. Depression might be linked to stroke via neuroendocrine and inflammation effects, through correlation with major comorbidities such as hypertensionand diabetes or by intervention of lifestyle behavioral mediators. Finally, antidepressant medications have recently drawn attention for a possible association with increased risk of stroke, although such findings remain uncertain. Depression has been also established as an important consequence after stroke, exerting a significant adverse impact on the course of motor recovery, social functioning and, overall, on quality of life. Post stroke depression occurs in nearly one third of stroke cases, but the exact mechanism leading to depression after stroke is still incompletely understood. In this article, we will review contemporary epidemiologic studies, discuss potential mechanisms and specific aspects of the complex relation between depression and stroke.

关键词： Depression Mood disorders Stroke Poststroke depression Antidepressant medications Cerebrovascular disease

Transcranial direct Current Stimulation in ADHD:A Systematic Review of Efficacy,Safety,and Protocol-induced Electrical Field Modeling Results

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Neuroscience Bulletin 2020年第10期36卷 1191-1212页

作者： Mohammad Ali Salehinejad Vahid Nejati Mohsen Mosayebi-Samani Ali Mohammadi Miles Wischnewski Min-Fang Kuo Alessio Avenanti Carmelo M・Vicario Michael A.Nitsche Department of Psychology and Neurosciences Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors44139 DortmundGermany International Graduate School of Neuroscience Ruhr-University Bochum44801 BochumGermany Institute for Cognitive and Brain Sciences Shahid Beheshti UniversityTehran ***Iran Department of Psychology Shahid Beheshti UniversityTehran ***Iran Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics Ilmenau University of Technology98693 IlmenauGermany Donders Institute for Brain Cognition and BehaviourRadboud University6525 HR NijmegenThe Netherlands Centro studi e ricerche in neuroscienze Cognitive Dipartimento di PsicologiaAlma Mater StudiormUniversita di Bologna47521 CesenaItaly Centro de Investigacion en Neuropsicologia y Neurociencias Cognitivas Universidad Catolica del Maule3605 TalcaChile dipartimento di Scienze Cognitive PsicologichePedagogiche e degli studi culturaliUniversita di Messina98121 MessinaItaly Department of Neurology University Medical Hospital Bergmannsheil44789 BochumGermany

Transcranial direct current stimulation(tDCS)is a promising method for altering cortical excitability with clinical *** has been increasingly used in neurodevelopmental disorders,especially attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD),but its efficacy(based on effect size calculations),safety,and stimulation parameters have not been systematically *** this systematic review,we aimed to(1)explore the effectiveness of tDCS on the clinical symptoms and neuropsychological deficits of ADHD patients,(2)evaluate the safety of tDCS application,especially in children with ADHD,(3)model the electrical field intensity in the target regions based on the commonly-applied and effective versus less-effective protocols,and(4)discuss and propose advanced tDCS *** the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses approach,a literature search identified 14 empirical experiments investigating tDCS effects in *** improving effects of tDCS on cognitive deficits(response inhibition,working memory,attention,and cognitive flexibility)or clinical symptoms(e.g.,impulsivity and inattention)are reported in10 *** serious adverse effects are reported in 747 sessions of *** left and right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex are the regions most often targeted,and anodal tDCS the protocol most often *** intensity of 2 mA induced stronger electrical fields than 1 mA in adults with ADHD and was associated with significant behavioral *** ADHD children,however,the electrical field induced by 1 mA,which is likely larger than the electrical field induced by 1 mA in adults due to the smaller head size of children,was sufficient to result in significant behavioral ***,tDCS seems to be a promising method for improving ADHD ***,the clinical utility of tDCS in ADHD cannot yet be concluded and requires further systematic investigation in larger sample *** regions involved in ADHD pathophysio

关键词： Transcranial direct current stimulation Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex Executive function Systematic review Brain modeling Non-invasive brain stimulation Pediatric

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冷球蛋白血症性神经病变的临床谱

世界核心医学期刊文摘(神经病学分册) 2006年第1期 29-30页

作者： Gemignani F. Brindani F. Alfieri S. 陈海 dipartimento di neuroscienze Universitdi Parma via Gramsci 14 I-43100 Parma Italy Dr.

Background and objective: Cryoglobulinaemic neuropathy (CN) is probably common, as it is usually related to HCV infection. The aim of this study was to delineate the clinical spectrum of CN in a large series and to investigate the factors influencing its expression. Methods: Seventy one consecutive patients (12 men, 59 women), diagnosed as having CN on the basis of clinical features of neuropathy, clinical and serological findings of mixed cryoglobulinaemia, and exclusion criteria, were identified during a six year period. All patients underwent clinical examination, and electrophysiological and laboratory investigations. Results: Results of the patients with “pure”CN (n = 54) and those with comorbidities (n = 17) were evaluated separately. Of the former 76%had sensory neuropathy (including selective small fibre sensory neuropathy (SFSN) in 14 patients), 15%had sensorimotor polyneuropathy, and 9%had mononeuritis multiplex. The pattern of distribution was similar in the patients with comorbidities. In 30/54 patients, CN was the first manifestation of cryoglobulinaemia. Patients with mild cryoglobulinaemic syndrome had sensory neuropathy more frequently than patients with active syndrome (p diagnosis of sensory neuropathy, especially in older women. Activity of the cryoglobulinaemic syndrome is a major factor influencing the clinical expression and severity of CN.

关键词：冷球蛋白血症神经病变感觉性神经病

2型强直性肌营养不良的唯一表现:高肌酸激酶症

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世界核心医学期刊文摘（神经病学分册） 2005年第9期1卷 44-45页

作者： Merlini L. Sabatelli P. Columbaro M. R. Massa 谢琰臣 dipartimento di neuroscienze Universit'a di Roma Tor Vergata Via Montpellier 1 00133 Rome ItalyDr.

A 49-year-old man had an 8-year history of persistent, isolated elevation of serum creatine kinase (hyper-CK-emia) without muscle symptoms, and no electr omyographic evidence of myotonia; his muscle biopsy showed features reminiscent of myotonic dystrophy (DM), with morphometric findings consistent with those des cribed in DM type 2 (DM2). Genetic studies excluded mutations in the DM type 1 ( DM1) gene, but revealed a CCTG repeat expansion in the ZNF9 gene, which is assoc iated with DM2. Our data suggest that in asymptomatic patients with persistent h yper-CK-emia, DM2 should be considered in the differential diagnosis.

关键词：肌强直电位肌营养不良肌肉活检基因突变第一诊断肌电图检查临床症状