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Interpreting siliciclastic sedimentation in the upper Paleozoic Mulargia-Escalaplano Basin(Sardinia, Italy):influence of tectonics on provenance

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Journal of Palaeogeography 2024年第1期13卷 18-34页

作者： Luca G.Costamagna Sara Criniti dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche Citadella UniversitariaBlocco A09042 Monserrato CAItaly dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'Ambiente Universita della Calabria87036 Arcavacata di Rende CSItaly

Late to post-Variscan molassic basins of Late Pennsylvanian-Permian age are exposed in Sardinia(Italy). Here, the compositional and stratigraphic evolution of the Mulargia-Escalaplano sedimentary basin(central Sardinia) has been investigated to highlight how the tectono-magmatic processes have influenced the sedimentation. Ruditic and arenitic samples were collected along well-characterized stratigraphic sections to provide a new insight into the impact of the tectono-magmatic processes on siliciclastic sedimentation. As a result, the conglomerates are mainly clast-supported, petromictic, and thus immature, with no defined maturity trend upwards. Nevertheless, pebble composition changes in times from Variscan basement pebble-rich to volcanic rock-rich, as a consequence of the basin widening and the dismantling and reworking of the coeval volcanic activity. The sandstone composition clearly changes from quartzolithic to feldspatholithic upwards, as a response to the same change of feeding and reworking of the volcanic rocks. Occasionally, interbedded quartzolithic arenites suggest exceptional floods carrying debris from the far borders of the basin. Also, the immature sandstone composition has been interpreted as being controlled by a continuous supply of fresh debris and to a rapid burial rate. In addition, the disappearance of metaradiolarite(lydite AA) Paleozoic grains in the sandstone mineral suite could represent a distinctive marker of a progressive unroofing of the Variscan chain and a clastic supply from deeper tectonic units.

关键词： Petrography Stratigraphy Provenance Molassic basins Sardinia

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MIS 5e sea surface temperature estimation;a multi-proxy approach using a marine macrofossil assemblage(Mar Piccolo,Gulf of Taranto,Southern Italy)

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Journal of Palaeogeography 2024年第2期13卷 327-350页

作者： Pierluigi Santagati Edoardo Perri Maria Pia Bernasconi Mario Borrelli Salvatore Guerrieri Salvatore Critelli dipartimento di Biologia Ecologia e Scienze della TerraUniversita della Calabriavia Pietro Bucci87036 Arcavacata di RendeCosenzaItaly dipartimento di Ingegneria Ambientale Universita della Calabriavia Pietro Bucci87036 Arcavacata di RendeCosenzaItaly

It is reported a multi-proxy palaeoclimatic study conducted on a MIS 5e calcarenite from the Mar Piccolo Basin(MP),Gulf of Taranto(GT)(Central Mediterranean).The calcarenite returned a rich malacofauna consisting of 120 extant species,including four of the tropical Senegalese Fauna,today absent in the Mediterranean.The biogeographic-climatic affinity of the assemblage shows,compared to today,a double percentage of warm affinity species,while the cold affinity species are nearly equally represented,indicating a warmer but not strictly tropical SST.This is confirmed by the most recurring preferred SST ranges of the assemblage,indicating an average of 20℃.The skeletal compositions of five well-preserved molluscan and coral specimens were analyzed for trace elements and stable isotopes for further mean SST estimations.From the comparison of the results of several equations available in literature,it appears that only some SST estimations are realistic,converging into similar values of,on average,20.8±0.9℃.Considering all the used proxies,the MIS 5e SST difference compared to today falls in the range 1.2—2.0℃for the GT(being a more reasonable scenario)and 2.0—2.8℃for the MP.This is not a firmly tropical-like SST setting as suggested by the sole Senegalese fauna,indicating at least 2.7℃—3.5℃more than today’s GT and MP,respectively.The approximations and assumptions made for obtaining SST values with any single proxy indicate the need of a multi-proxy approach to define the best SST estimation.

关键词： MiS 5e Sea surface temperature Palaeoclimate proxy Fossil fauna Gulf of Taranto

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Ultra-highly sensitive dual gases detection based on photoacoustic spectroscopy by exploiting a long-wave,high-power,wide-tunable,singlelongitudinal-mode solid-state laser

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Light(Science & Applications) 2024年第5期13卷 941-956页

作者： Shunda Qiao Ying He Haiyue Sun Pietro Patimisco Angelo Sampaolo Vincenzo Spagnolo Yufei Ma National Key Laboratory of Laser Spatial Information Harbin Institute of TechnologyHarbinChina PolySense Lab Dipartimento Interateneo di FisicaUniversity and Politecnico of BariVia AmendolaBariItaly

Photoacoustic spectroscopy(PAS)as a highly sensitive and selective trace gas detection technique has extremely broad application in many fields.However,the laser sources currently used in PAS limit the sensing performance.Compared to diode laser and quantum cascade laser,the solid-state laser has the merits of high optical power,excellent beam quality,and wide tuning range.Here we present a long-wave,high-power,wide-tunable,singlelongitudinal-mode solid-state laser used as light source in a PAS sensor for trace gas detection.The self-built solid-state laser had an emission wavelength of~2μm with Tm:YAP crystal as the gain material,with an excellent wavelength and optical power stability as well as a high beam quality.The wide wavelength tuning range of 9.44 nm covers the absorption spectra of water and ammonia,with a maximum optical power of~130 mW,allowing dual gas detection with a single laser source.The solid-state laser was used as light source in three different photoacoustic detection techniques:standard PAS with microphone,and external-and intra-cavity quartz-enhanced photoacoustic spectroscopy(QEPAS),proving that solid-state laser is an attractive excitation source in photoacoustic spectroscopy.

关键词： power tunable tuning

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Statistical analysis of physico-mechanical parameters of sandstones occurring in orogenic settings

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Journal of Mountain Science 2024年第4期21卷 1388-1402页

作者： PAPPALARDO Giovanna CARBONE Serafina MONACO Carmelo ZOCCO Giordana MINEO Simone dipartimento Di Scienze Biologiche Geologiche E AmbientaliUniversitàDegli Studi Di CataniaCorso Italia 5795129 CataniaItaly

In northeastern Sicily(Italy),sandstone rock masses widely crop out as cover deposits over crystalline terrains belonging to the orogenic belt.Despite being part of the same geological formation,these sandstones are characterized by highly different features in terms of texture and physico-mechanical properties.This poses a scientific question on the possibility of tracing these rocks to a single statistical model,which could be representative of their main engineering geological properties.Therefore,it is worth investigating on the possible reasons of such differences,that should be searched either in the current geographical sandstone distribution or in the rock texture.For this study,sandstone samples were collected from different sites and were analyzed at both the hand and thin section scales.Three sandstone types were recognized,characterized by a different texture.Then,the laboratory characterization allowed estimating their main physico-mechanical and ultrasonic properties,such as porosity,density,mechanical strength,deformability,and ultrasonic velocities.The rock mechanical strength proved linked to the rock compactness and to the presence of lithic fragments,while pores and a pseudo-matrix between grains represent weakening features.Rock data were also statistically analyzed by grouping the specimens according to a geographical criterion,with respect to their sampling area,but no link was found between location and rock properties.Finally,with the aim of achieving mathematical laws that could be used to predict some rock properties from others,useful for practical purposes when dealing with such a high property variability,single and multiple regression analyses were carried out.Results show that the Uniaxial Compressive Strength,porosity,and P-wave velocity are the best predictors for a quick,indirect estimation of the main physico-mechanical parameters.The methodological approach developed for this research can be taken as reference to study other worldwide cases,involving rocks characterized by a wi

关键词： Sandstone Laboratory test Uniaxial Compressive Strength Porosity Rocks

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The potential for an old-growth forest to store carbon in the topsoil:A case study at Sasso Fratino,Italy

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Journal of Forestry Research 2024年第2期35卷 23-32页

作者： Tommaso Chiti Nicola Benilli Giovanni Mastrolonardo Giacomo Certini dipartimento per la Innovazione nei Sistemi Biologici Agroalimentari e Forestali(DIBAF)Universitàdella TusciaVia San C.de Lellis Snc01100 ViterboItaly dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agrarie AlimentariAmbientali e Forestali(DAGRI)Universitàdegli Studi di FirenzeP.le delle Cascine 1850144 FirenzeItaly

There is considerable interest devoted to oldgrowth forests and their capacity to store carbon(C)in biomass and soil.Inventories of C stocks in old-growth forests are carried out worldwide,although there is a lack of information on their actual potential for C sequestration.To further understand this,soil organic carbon(SOC)was measured in one of Italy's best-preserved old-growth forests,the Sasso Fratino Integral Nature Reserve.This reserve is on the World Heritage List along with other ancient beech forests of Europe,and it is virtually untouched due to the steepness of the terrain,even before legal constraints were imposed.Although the sandstone-derived soils are often shallow,they are rich in organic matter.However,no quantification had been carried out.By systematically sampling the topsoil across the forest,we accurately determined the average amount of SOC(62.0±16.9 Mg ha^(–1))and nitrogen(4.0±1.2 Mg ha^(–1))in the top 20 cm.Using the CENTURY model,future dynamics of SOC stocks were predicted to 2050 according to two climate scenarios,A1F1 and B2,the first of high concern and the second more optimistic.The model projected an increase of 0.2 and 0.3 Mg ha^(–1)a^(–1)by 2030 under the A1F1 and B2 scenarios,respectively,suggesting that the topsoil in old-growth forests does not reach equilibrium but continues accumulating SOC.However,from 2030 to 2050,a decline in SOC accumulation is predicted,indicating SOC net loss at high altitudes under the worst-case scenario.This study confirms that soils in oldgrowth forests play a significant role in carbon sequestration.It also suggests that climate change may affect the potential of these forests to store SOC not only in the long term but also in the coming years.

关键词： Carbon sequestration CENTURY model Climate change Forest soil Soil nitrogen

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Incoherent non-Hermitian skin effect in photonic quantum walks

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Light(Science & Applications) 2024年第5期13卷 885-893页

作者： Stefano Longhi dipartimento di Fisica Politecnico di MilanoPiazza L.da Vinci 32I-20133 MilanoItaly IFISC(UIB-CSIC) Instituto de Fisica Interdisciplinar y Sistemas ComplejosE-07122 Palma de MallorcaSpain

The non-Hermitian skin effect describes the concentration of an extensive number of eigenstates near the boundaries of certain dissipative systems.This phenomenon has raised a huge interest in different areas of physics,including photonics,deeply expanding our understanding of non-Hermitian systems and opening up new avenues in both fundamental and applied aspects of topological phenomena.The skin effect has been associated to a nontrivial pointgap spectral topology and has been experimentally demonstrated in a variety of synthetic matter systems,including photonic lattices.In most of physical models exhibiting the non-Hermitian skin effect full or partial wave coherence is generally assumed.Here we push the concept of skin effect into the fully incoherent regime and show that rather generally(but not universally)the non-Hermitian skin effect persists under dephasing dynamics.The results are illustrated by considering incoherent light dynamics in non-Hermitian photonic quantum walks.

关键词： dynamics. quantum effect

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Predicting the activity of single atom catalysts

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Science China Chemistry 2024年

作者： Giovanni Di Liberto Gianfranco Pacchioni Universitàdi Milano–Bicocca dipartimento di Scienza dei Materiali

For a long time,the existence of single-atom catalysts(SACs),consisting of isolated atoms stabilized in a specific support,was not detected due to limitations in available characterization techniques.Over the past two decades,however,the ability to synthesize and characterize these systems has opened the way toward designing and testing a new class of potential catalysts[1].

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A quantitative analysis of the US materials flow methodology and comparison to the EU methodology for MSW statistics

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Waste Disposal and Sustainable Energy 2024年第1期6卷 85-94页

作者： Demetra Tsiamis Fabio Poretti Stefano Consonni Marco J.Castaldi Earth Engineering Center Department of Chemical EngineeringThe City College of New YorkNew YorkNYUSA dipartimento Di Energetica Politecnico Di MilanoPiazza Leonardo da Vinci 3220133MilanItaly

The European Union(EU)and the United States(US)determine municipal solid waste(MSW)statistics differently.The EU applies a site-specific methodology that directly measures waste whereas the US employs a materials flow methodology that estimates MSW statistics indirectly based on production and recovery data from industries.This study dissects the materials flow methodology and presents quantitative materials flow Sankey diagrams for the primary MSW materials to highlight data gaps that can be addressed to improve the methodology’s accuracy.Private industry plastics data were applied to the materials flow methodology,and the results were within 10%of the plastics statistics reported by the US Environmental Protection Agency(US EPA).Drawbacks to the methodologies include EU measurement inaccuracies due to double-counting and not accounting for residual waste in the US.The latter may partially explain why landfilling tonnages reported by the US EPA were approximately 60%less than the tonnages reported by the Waste to Energy Research and Technology Council(WTERT)in its national MSW survey that applied the EU methodology in the US.Unlike the EU,there is no US national policy that requires states to measure and report state-level waste data to the US EPA.Future improvements in US MSW statistics rely heavily on the implementation of national policies to homogenize the measurement and collection of waste data from states.

关键词： Materials flow methodology Site-specific methodology United States European Union Municipal solid waste Discrepancy

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Light correcting light with nonlinear optics

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Advanced Photonics 2024年第2期6卷 41-49页

作者： Sachleen Singh Bereneice Sephton Wagner Tavares Buono Vincenzo D'Ambrosio Thomas Konrad Andrew Forbes University of the Witwatersrand School of PhysicsJohannesburgSouth Africa Universitàdegli studi di Napoli“FedericoⅡ” Dipartimento di Fisica“E.Pancini”NapoliItaly University of KwaZulu-Natal School of Chemistry and PhysicsDurbanSouth Africa

Structured light,where complex optical fields are tailored in all their degrees of freedom,has become highly topical of late,advanced by a sophisticated toolkit comprising both linear and nonlinear optics.Removing undesired structure from light is far less developed,leveraging mostly on inverting the distortion,e.g.,with adaptive optics or the inverse transmission matrix of a complex channel,both requiring that the distortion be fully characterized through appropriate measurement.We show that distortions in spatially structured light can be corrected through difference-frequency generation in a nonlinear crystal without any need for the distortion to be known.We demonstrate the versatility of our approach using a wide range of aberrations and structured light modes,including higher-order orbital angular momentum(OAM)beams,showing excellent recovery of the original undistorted field.To highlight the efficacy of this process,we deploy the system in a prepare-and-measure communications link with OAM,showing minimal cross talk even when the transmission channel is highly aberrated,and outline how the approach could be extended to alternative experimental modalities and nonlinear processes.Our demonstration of light-correcting light without the need for measurement opens an approach to measurement-free error correction for classical and quantum structured light,with direct applications in imaging,sensing,and communication.

关键词： phase conjugation aberration correction orbital angular momentum nonlinear optics

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Stochastic Maximum Principle for Optimal Advertising Models with Delay and Non-Convex Control Spaces

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Advances in Pure Mathematics 2024年第6期14卷 442-450页

作者： Giuseppina Guatteri Federica Masiero dipartimento di Matematica Politecnico di Milano via Bonardi Milano Italia dipartimento di Matematica e Applicazioni Universit di Milano-Bicocca via Cozzi Milano Italia

In this paper we study optimal advertising problems that model the introduction of a new product into the market in the presence of carryover effects of the advertisement and with memory effects in the level of goodwill. In particular, we let the dynamics of the product goodwill to depend on the past, and also on past advertising efforts. We treat the problem by means of the stochastic Pontryagin maximum principle, that here is considered for a class of problems where in the state equation either the state or the control depend on the past. Moreover the control acts on the martingale term and the space of controls U can be chosen to be non-convex but now the space of controls U can be chosen to be non-convex. The maximum principle is thus formulated using a first-order adjoint Backward Stochastic Differential Equations (BSDEs), which can be explicitly computed due to the specific characteristics of the model, and a second-order adjoint relation.

关键词： Stochastic Optimal Control Delay Equations Advertisement Models Stochastic Maximum Principle

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