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A systematic framework to understand central bank digital currency

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2018年第3期61卷 206-213页

作者： Qian YAO Institute of digital Money of the People’s Bank of China

The ongoing research and development of digital fiat currency(DFC) have triggered attention of policy makers, regulators and the industrial and academic communities. But there is not yet a clear idea and blueprint of what DFC looks like. This paper establishes a systematic framework to analyze the essence and connotation of DFC from four dimensions: currency value, technical aspects, means of implementation and application scenarios. It is argued that DFC is a credit-based currency in terms of value, a crypto-currency from a technical perspective, an algorithm-based currency in terms of implementation and a smart currency in application scenarios. Compared with existing private digital currencies and electronic currencies, DFC will be equipped with brand new and higher qualities. The goal of Chinese DFC is to contribute to more stable value, more secure data, more powerful regulation, stronger empowerment of individuals in payment activities and smarter application. Chinese DFC should have qualities that enable it to provide better service for the public, to offer effective tools for macroeconomic control and to lay a solid foundation for Reg Tech development.

关键词： digital fiat currency credit-based currency crypto-currency algorithm-based currency smart currency central bank digital currency

Scientific big data and digital Earth

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2014年第35期59卷 5066-5073页

作者： Huadong Guo Lizhe Wang Fang Chen Dong Liang Key Laboratory of digital Earth Sciences Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth Chinese Academy of Sciences

Big data has been a focus of research in science,technology,economics,and social *** countries have already incorporated big data research into their national *** paper elaborates upon the origin,connotation,and development of big data from both a spatial and temporal *** proposes that scientific big data will become a new solution in scientific research as the paradigm changes from being model-driven to *** paper defines the concept of ‘‘scientific big data'' and proposes strategies for solving ‘‘big data problems' '.Theoretical frameworks and data systems for digital Earth are discussed with a clear conclusion that scientific big data is a prominent feature of digital *** an example,spatial cognition of the formation mechanism of China's Heihe-Tengchong Line—a geo-demographic demarcation line dividing China into two parts—is discussed within the context of big data computation and analysis for digital Earth.

关键词：科学研究数字地球社会研究国家战略空间角度模型驱动数据驱动数据系统

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Big Earth Data:a new challenge and opportunity for digital Earth’s development

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International Journal of digital Earth 2017年第1期10卷 1-12页

作者： Huadong Guo Zhen Liu Hao Jiang Changlin Wang Jie Liu Dong Liang Institute of Remote Sensing and digital Earth Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingPeople’s Republic of China International Society for digital Earth

digital Earth has seen great progress during the last 19 *** it entered into the era of big data,digital Earth developed into a new stage,namely one characterized by‘Big Earth Data’,confronting new challenges and *** this paper we give an overview of the development of digital Earth by summarizing research achievements and marking the milestones of digital Earth’s ***,the opportunities and challenges that Big Earth Data faces are *** a data-intensive scientific research approach,Big Earth Data provides a new vision and methodology to Earth sciences,and the paper identifies the advantages of Big Earth Data to scientific research,especially in knowledge discovery and global change *** believe that Big Earth Data will advance and promote the development of digital Earth.

关键词： digital Earth Big Earth Data data-intensive science knowledge discovery global change

The Academic Highland of digital Earth – Ten years of publication of the International Journal of digital Earth

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International Journal of digital Earth 2018年第1期11卷 1-2页

作者： Huadong Guo International Journal of digital Earth

The year 2018 marks the 20th anniversary of the coining of the term‘digital Earth’and also ten years since the International Journal of digital Earth(IJDE)was inaugurated in *** these important milestones in mind,I feel that it is worth reviewing the academic achievements that have been made and the developments that have taken place in the field of digital Earth.

关键词： Earth milestone reviewing

A digital earth prototype system:DEPS/CAS

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International Journal of digital Earth 2009年第1期2卷 3-15页

作者： H.Guo X.Fan C.Wang Key Laboratory of digital Earth Science Center for Earth Observation and Digital EarthChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China

digital Earth is an information expression of the real Earth,and is a new way of understanding the Earth in the twenty-first *** paper introduces a digital Earth Prototype System(DEPS)developed at the Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)and supported by the Knowledge Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of *** are made to the theoretical model and technical framework of the digital Earth,and its related key technologies on spatial information processing,spatial data warehouse technology,virtual reality technology,high-performance and parallel *** DEPS consists of seven sub-systems including the spatial data,metadata,model database,Grid geoscience computing,spatial information database,maps service and virtual ***,we developed a series of application systems such as the environment monitoring for the Olympic Games 2008 in Beijing,natural disasters evaluation,digital city,digital archeology,Asia regional aerosol and climate *** DEPS/CAS displayed the application ability and potential of the digital Earth in three levels:the global,national and regional.

关键词： digital Earth prototype system grid information service virtual reality map services information application

digital Beamforming by Multiple Chirp Zeta Transforms for 3-D Sonar Imaging Systems

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Journal of Donghua University(English Edition) 2012年第5期29卷 373-379页

作者：袁龙涛田翔韩业强陈耀武 Institute of Advanced digital Technology and Instrumentation Zhejiang University

The computational load is prohibitive for real-time image generation in 3-D sonar systems, particularly when the steering angle approximation is required. In this paper, a novel multiple Chirp Zeta Transforms （MCZT） beamforming method in frequency domain is being proposed. The single long-length Chirp Zeta Transform （CZT） in the original CZT beamforming is replaced by several CZTs with smaller lengths for different partitions along each dimension. The implementing routine of the algorithm is also optimized. Furthermore, an avenue to evaluate the estimating error for the angle approximation in 3-D imaging applications is presented, and an approach to attain valid partitions for the steering angles is also flhistrated. This paper demonstrates a few advantages of the proposed frequency-domain beamforming method over existing methods in terms of the computatianal complexity.

关键词： 3-D sonar imaging frequency-domain beamforming angle approximation Chirp Zeta Transform ( CZT ) steering angle partitions computational load evaluation

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Vertical accuracy assessment of freely available digital elevation models over low-lying coastal plains

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International Journal of digital Earth 2016年第3期9卷 252-271页

作者： Xiaoping Du Huadong Guo Xiangtao Fan Junjie Zhu Zhenzhen Yan Qin Zhan Key Laboratory of digital Earth Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth(RADI)Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)BeijingChina University of Chinese Academy of Sciences BeijingChina

The frequency of coastal flood damages is expected to increase significantly during the twenty-first century as sea level rises in the coastal *** digital elevation model(DEM)data describing coastal topography are essential for assessing future flood-related damages and understanding the impacts of sea-level *** Shuttle Radar Topography Mission(SRTM)and Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer Global digital Elevation Model(ASTER GDEM)are currently the most accurate and freely available DEM ***,an accuracy assessment specifically targeted at DEMs over low elevation coastal plains is *** present study focuses on these areas to assess the vertical accuracy of SRTM and ASTER GDEM using Ice,Cloud,and land Elevation Satellite,Geoscience Laser Altimeter System(ICESat/GLAS)and Real Time Kinematic(RTK)Global Positioning System(GPS)field survey *** findings show that DEM accuracy is much better than the mission specifications over coastal *** addition,optical remote sensing image analysis further reveals the relationship between DEM vertical accuracy and land cover in these *** study provides a systematic approach to assess the accuracy of DEMs in coastal zones,and the results highlight the limitations and potential of these DEMs in coastal applications.

关键词： DEM ICESat/GLAS SRTM ASTER GDEM elevation accuracy coastal flood modelling

Optimal operation of integrated energy system including power thermal and gas subsystems

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Frontiers in Energy 2022年第1期16卷 105-120页

作者： Tongming LIU Wang ZHANG Yubin JIA Zhao Yang DONG digital Grid futures Institute The University of New South WalesSydney NSW-2052Australia School of Automation Southeast UniversityNanjing 210000China School of Electrical&Electronics Engineering Nanyang Technological UniversitySingapore 639798Singapore

As a form of hybrid multi-energy systems,the integrated energy system contains different forms of energy such as power,thermal,and gas which meet the load of various energy *** mainly on model building and optimal operation of the integrated energy system,in this paper,the dist-flow method is applied to quickly calculate the power flow and the gas system model is built by the analogy of the power system *** addition,the piecewise linearization method is applied to solve the quadratic Weymouth gas flow equation,and the alternating direction method of multipliers(ADMM)method is applied to narrow the optimal results of each subsystem at the coupling *** entire system reaches its optimal operation through multiple *** power-thermal-gas integrated energy system used in the case study includes an IEEE-33 bus power system,a Belgian 20 node natural gas system,and a six node thermal ***-based calculations and comparison of the results under different scenarios prove that the power-thermal-gas integrated energy system enhances the flexibility and stability of the system as well as reducing system operating costs to some extent.

关键词： integrated energy system power-to-gas dist-flow piecewise linearization alternating direction method of multipliers(ADMM)

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Accuracy assessment of GPS navigation augmented by SAR and LiDAR-derived digital Elevation Models

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International Journal of digital Earth 2015年第12期8卷 1007-1022页

作者： Jing Li Xiangtao Fan Cheng Wang Hong Bao Yong Xiao Key Laboratory of digital Earth Sciences Chinese Academy of SciencesInstitute of Remote Sensing and Digital EarthBeijingChina Beijing Key Laboratory of Information Service Engineering Beijing Union UniversityBeijingChina

Remotely sensed digital Elevation Models(DEM)can be used to augment a standalone Global Positioning System(GPS)by adding an extra range observation which measures the distance to the Earth *** method so called height aiding can reduce the number of GPS satellites required to get a 3D position fix from four to three and hence improve the performance of the GPS navigation algorithm in terms of accuracy,reliability and *** until now,the accuracy of height aided GPS navigation using higher resolution Synthetic Aperture Radar(SAR)and Light Detection and Ranging(LiDAR)-derived elevation data has not been fully evaluated in a broad spectrum of navigation *** article provides a robust and accurate analysis on how much range error is introduced by height aiding using 5 m spacing SAR and 1 m spacing LiDAR-derived DEMs under in-car and personal navigation *** on the experimental results obtained from both dynamic and static tests,suggestions have been made on what level of vertical and positional accuracy can be achieved as well as the related DEM quality issues for navigation purposes.

关键词： Global Positioning System(GPS) LiDAR DEM