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Diet xylo-oligosaccharide supplementation improves growth performance, immune function, and intestinal health of broilers

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animal Nutrition 2024年第2期17卷 165-176页

作者： Zhiyong Rao Yue Li Xiaopeng Yang Yongpeng Guo Wei Zhang Zhixiang Wang School of animal Science and Technology Henan Agricultural University

The effects of xylo-oligosaccharides(XOS) on broiler growth performance, immune function, and intestinal health were investigated. A total of 540 one-d-old Arbor Acres Plus broilers were randomly divided into 5 groups with 6 replicates per group and 18 chickens per replicate. Broilers in the control(CON) group received a corn-soybean meal based basal diet, those in the antibiotics(ANT) group received the basal diet plus 500 mg/kg oxytetracycline, and those in XOS groups received the basal diet plus 150, 300, or 450 mg/kg XOS. Compared with CON, the body weight at 42 d and average daily gain from 1 to 42 d were significantly increased in the 150, 450 mg/kg XOS-added and ANT groups(P = 0.018),and the relative expression of claudin-1 and ZO-1 m RNA in the ileum was significantly higher in the 300and 450 mg/kg XOS-added groups(P < 0.001). The feed conversion ratios(P < 0.001) and abdominal fat rates(P = 0.012) of broilers from 1 to 42 d of age were significantly lower in all XOS-added groups than in the control group. Splenic index(P = 0.036) and bursa of Fabricius index(P = 0.009) were significantly better in the ANT group and each XOS-added group than in the control group. Compared to CON and ANT,serum Ig A(P = 0.007) and Ig G(P = 0.002) levels were significantly higher in the 300 mg/kg XOS-added group, and the relative abundance of short-chain fatty acid-producing genera(Alistipes) was also significantly higher(P < 0.001). Meanwhile, ileal villus height(P < 0.001) and ratio of villus height to crypt depth(V:C)(P = 0.001) were significantly increased in XOS-added broilers. In analysis of relationships between cecal microbes and the physical barrier of the gut, [Ruminococcus]＿torques＿group was positively correlated with m RNA expression of ileal ZO-1 and claudin-1(P < 0.05), and Bacteroides was positively correlated with increased ileal villus height and V:C(P < 0.05). Overall, XOS addition to broiler diets improved growth performance, promoted intestinal health by enh

关键词： Xylo-oligosaccharide Growth performance Intestinal health Immunity Broiler

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Multi-omics revealed the mechanism of feed efficiency in sheep by the combined action of the host and rumen microbiota

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animal Nutrition 2024年第3期18卷 367-379页

作者： Guangchen Zhou Junda Li Xuhui Liang Bohua Yang Ximeng He Hongyu Tang Hongran Guo Gongwei Liu Wenyuan Cui Yulin Chen Yuxin Yang Key Laboratory of animal Genetics Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi ProvinceCollege of Animal Science and TechnologyNorthwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100China

This study was conducted to investigate potential regulatory mechanisms of feed efficiency(FE)in sheep by linking rumen microbiota with its host by the multi-omics *** hundred and ninety-eight hybrid female sheep(initial body weight=30.88±4.57 kg;4-month-old)were selected as candidate *** test sheep was fed in an individual pen for 60 days,and the residual feed intake(RFI)was *** ten candidate sheep with the highest RFI were divided into the Low-FE group,and the ten with the lowest RFI were divided into the High-FE group,all selected for sample *** RFI,average daily gain and average daily feed intake were highly significantly different between the two experimental groups(P<0.05).Compared with Low-FE group,the insulin-like growth factor-1 and very low-density lipoprotein in serum and the propionate in rumen significantly increased in High-FE group(P<0.01),but the acetate:propionate ratio in rumen significantly decreased in High-FE group(P¼0.034).Metagenomics revealed Selenomonas ruminantium,Selenomonas *** Faecalibacterium prausnitzii were key bacteria,and increased abundance of the genes encoding the enzymes for cellulose degradation and production of propionate in High-FE *** results of proteomics and section showed the rumen papilla length and expression of carbonic anhydrase and Na^(+)/K^(+)-ATPase were significantly higher in High-FE group(P<0.05).On the other hand,the acetyl-CoA content significantly increased in the liver of High-FE group(P¼0.002).The relative expression levels of insulin-like growth factor-1 and apolipoprotein A4 genes were significantly up-regulated in the liver of High-FE group(P<0.05),but relative expression level of monoacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 3 gene was significantly down-regulated(P¼0.037).These findings provide the mechanism by which the collaborative interaction between rumen microbiota fermentation and host uptake and metabolism of fermentation products impacts feed efficiency tr

关键词： Residual feed intake Sheep Microbial composition Rumen proteome Liver transcriptome Metabolite

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Imprinting at the KBTBD6 locus involves species-specific m ternal methylation and monoallelic expression in livestock animals

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Journal of animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第1期15卷 127-145页

作者： Jinsoo Ahn In-Sul Hwang Mi-Ryung Park Seongsoo Hwang Kichoon Lee Department of animal Sciences The Ohio State UniversityColumbusOH 43210USA animal Biotechnology Division Rural Development AdministrationNational Institute of Animal ScienceJeonbuk 55365Republic of Korea Columbia Center for Translational Immunology Columbia University Irving Medical CenterColumbia UniversityNew YorkNY 10032USA animal Welfare Research Team National Institute of Animal ScienceRDA1500Kongjwipatjwi‑roJeollabuk‑do 55365Republic of Korea

Background The primary differentially methylated regions(DMRs) which are maternally hypermethylated serve as imprinting control regions(ICRs) that drive monoallelic gene expression, and these ICRs have been investigated due to their implications in mammalian development. Although a subset of genes has been identified as imprinted, in-depth comparative approach needs to be developed for identification of species-specific imprinted genes. Here, we examined DNA methylation status and allelic expression at the KBTBD6 locus across species and tissues and explored potential mechanisms of *** Using whole-genome bisulfite sequencing and RNA-sequencing on parthenogenetic and normal porcine embryos, we identified a maternally hypermethylated DMR between the embryos at the KBTBD6 promoter Cp G island and paternal monoallelic expression of KBTBD6. Also, in analyzed domesticated mammals but not in humans, non-human primates and mice, the KBTBD6 promoter Cp G islands were methylated in oocytes and/or allelically methyl-ated in tissues, and monoallelic KBTBD6 expression was observed, indicating livestock-specific imprinting. Further analysis revealed that these Cp G islands were embedded within transcripts in porcine and bovine oocytes which coexisted with an active transcription mark and DNA methylation, implying the presence of transcription-dependent *** In this study, our comparative approach revealed an imprinted expression of the KBTBD6 gene in domesticated mammals, but not in humans, non-human primates, and mice which implicates species-specific evolution of genomic imprinting.

关键词： Differentially methylated region Domesticated mammal Imprinting KBTBD6 Parthenogenetic

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How neonatal diet affects the long-term development of rumination behavior, rumen fermentation and feed digestion in dairy calves fed a high milk level?

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animal Nutrition 2024年第1期16卷 326-337页

作者： Jianxin Xiao Tianyu Chen Rong Peng Gibson M. Alugongo Hui Yang Shuai Liu Yulin Ma Jingjun Wang Shengli Li Zhijun Cao State Key Laboratory of animal Nutrition and Feeding International Calf and Heifer Organization College of Animal Science and Technology China Agricultural University Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Culture and Safety Production in Cattle in Sichuan Animal Nutrition Institute Sichuan Agricultural University

This study was to investigate growth performance, rumination development, rumen fermentation and feed digestion in young calves provided high volumes(about 20% of calf birth weight) of milk with or without forage inclusion and how these parameters correlate with each other. Immediately after birth,160 newborn Holstein female calves(41.6 ± 4.2 kg of initial BW) were randomly divided into 2 treatments: 1) starter(CON, only starter) and 2) starter and hay(HAY, both starter and hay). The calves were fed their respective experimental diets from d 4 to 84, after which they were all introduced to similar diets until the end of the experiment on d 196. Treatment had no effect on growth and structural measurements throughout the experimental period. However, treatment had an effect on the other parameters, mainly during the post-weaning period. Forage supplementation tended to reduce starter dry matter intake(P = 0.05), while increasing the forage intake(P < 0.01) and the feed-to-gain ratio(P < 0.01). HAY calves had increased neutral detergent fiber(NDF) and physically effective NDF(peNDF)intakes(P < 0.05) and tended to lower(P < 0.01) starch intake compared to CON calves. The HAY calves had a higher rumination time(P < 0.01), ruminal pH(P < 0.01), and acetate-to-propionate ratio(P = 0.05)compared to the CON calves. Spearman correlation analysis showed that rumination time was positively related to the ruminal p H at d 84(P = 0.01) and 196(P = 0.02). The HAY calves had similar apparent total-tract digestibility of dry matter(DM), NDF and ether extract(EE), but lower digestibility of organic matter(OM, P = 0.03), crude protein(CP, P < 0.01) and starch(P < 0.01) compared to those of the CON calves at week 12. Furthermore, there were no positive relationships between rumination time and nutrient digestibility or between rumination time per kilogram DM and nutrient digestibility. In conclusion, feeding hay to calves fed a high milk level improved rumination during the post-weani

关键词： Neonatal calf Early forage feeding Rumination Rumen fermentation Nutrient digestibility

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Transcriptome analysis reveals steroid hormones biosynthesis pathway involved in abdominal fat deposition in broilers

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2024年第9期23卷 3118-3128页

作者： Yuting Zhu Yongli Wang Yidong Wang Guiping Zhao Jie Wen Huanxian Cui State Key Laboratory of animal Nutrition/Key Laboratory of animal(Poultry)Genetics Breeding and Reproduction Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Institute of Animal SciencesChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100193China

Excessive abdominal fat deposition reduces the feed efficiency and increase the cost of production in ***,it is an important task for poultry breeders to breed broilers with low abdominal *** fat deposition is a highly complex biological process,and its molecular basis remains *** this study,we performed transcriptome analysis to compare gene expression profiles at different stages of abdominal fat deposition to identify the key genes and pathways involved in abdominal fat *** found that abdominal fat weight(AFW)increased gradually from day 35(D35)to 91(D91),and then decreased at day 119(D119).Accordingly,after detecting differentially expressed genes(DEGs)by comparing gene expression profiles at D35 vs.D63 and D35 vs.D91,and identifying gene modules associated with fat deposition by weighted gene co-expression network analysis(WGCNA),we performed intersection analysis of the detected DEGs and WGCNA gene modules and identified 394 and 435 intersecting genes,*** results of the Gene Ontology(GO)functional enrichment analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)pathway enrichment analyses showed that the steroid hormone biosynthesis and insulin signaling pathways were co-enriched in all intersecting genes,steroid hormones have been shown that regulated insulin signaling pathway,indicating the importance of the steroid hormone biosynthesis pathway in the development of broiler abdominal *** then identified 6 hub genes(ACTB,SOX9,RHOBTB2,PDLIM3,NEDD9,and DOCK4)related to abdominal fat *** analysis also revealed that there were direct interactions between 6 hub ***9 has been shown to bind to proteins required for steroid hormone receptor binding,and RHOBTB2 indirectly regulates the steroid hormones biosynthesis through cyclin factor,and ultimately affect fat *** results suggest that the genes RHOBTB2 and SOX9 play an important role in fat deposition in broilers,by regul

关键词： broilers abdominal fat deposition transcriptome analysis hub genes steroid hormones biosynthesis pathway

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Transcriptomic and epigenomic landscapes of muscle growth during the postnatal period of broilers

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Journal of animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第5期15卷 1851-1865页

作者： Shuang Gu Qiang Huang Yuchen Jie Congjiao Sun Chaoliang Wen Ning Yang State Key Laboratory of animal Biotech Breeding and Frontier Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding China Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China National Engineering Laboratory for animal Breeding and Key Laboratory of animal Genetics Breeding and ReproductionMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsDepartment of Animal Genetics and BreedingCollege of Animal Science and Technology China Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China. Sanya Institute of China Agricultural University Hainan 572025China

Background Broilers stand out as one of the fastest-growing livestock globally,making a substantial contribution to animal meat ***,the molecular and epigenetic mechanisms underlying the rapid growth and development of broiler chickens are still *** study aims to explore muscle development patterns and regulatory networks during the postnatal rapid growth phase of fast-growing *** measured the growth performance of Cornish(CC)and White Plymouth Rock(RR)over a 42-d *** muscle samples from both CC and RR were randomly collected at day 21 after hatching(D21)and D42 for RNA-seq and ATAC-seq library *** The consistent increase in body weight and pectoral muscle weight across both breeds was observed as they matured,with CC outpacing RR in terms of weight at each stage of *** expression analysis identified 398 and 1,129 genes in the two dimensions of breeds and ages,respectively.A total of 75,149 ATAC-seq peaks were annotated in promoter,exon,intron and intergenic regions,with a higher number of peaks in the promoter and intronic *** age-biased genes and breed-biased genes of RNA-seq were combined with the ATAC-seq data for subsequent *** results spotlighted the upregulation of ACTC1 and FDPS at D21,which were primarily associated with muscle structure development by gene cluster ***,a noteworthy upregulation of MUSTN1,FOS and TGFB3 was spotted in broiler chickens at D42,which were involved in cell differentiation and muscle regeneration after injury,suggesting a regulatory role of muscle growth and *** This work provided a regulatory network of postnatal broiler chickens and revealed ACTC1 and MUSTN1 as the key responsible for muscle development and *** findings highlight that rapid growth in broiler chickens triggers ongoing muscle damage and subsequent *** findings provide a foundation for future research to i

关键词： ATAC-seq Broiler Pectoral muscle development Rapid growth RNA-seq

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Patterns of alteration in boar semen quality from 9 to 37 months old and improvement by protocatechuic acid

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Journal of animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第5期15卷 1881-1893页

作者： Ruizhi Hu Xizi Yang Jiatai Gong Jing Lv Xupeng Yuan Mingkun Shi Chenxing Fu Bie Tan Zhiyong Fan Liang Chen Hongfu Zhang Jianhua He Shusong Wu Hunan Collaborative Innovation Center for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients College of Animal Science and TechnologyHunan Agricultural UniversityChangsha 410128China College of animal Science and Technology Hunan Biological and Electromechanical PolytechnicChangsha 410127China State Key Laboratory of animal Nutrition Institute of Animal SciencesChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081China

Background Comprehending the patterns of alteration in boar semen quality and identifying effective nutritional interventions are crucial for enhancing the productivity of commercial pig *** study aimed to examine the alteration in semen quality in boars,and assess the impact of protocatechuic acid(PCA)on semen quality during the phase of declining semen *** In Exp.1,a total of 38 Pig Improvement Company(PIC)boars were selected and their semen quality data were recorded from the age of 9 to 37 *** Exp.2,18 PIC boars(28 months old)were randomly assigned into three groups(n=6)and fed a basal diet,a basal diet containing 500 or 1,000 mg/kg PCA,*** experiment lasted for 12 *** The semen volume,concentration,and total number of spermatozoa in boars exhibited an increase from 9 to 19 months old and showed a significant linear decreased trend in 28,24,and 22 months *** motility displayed an upward trajectory,reaching its peak at 20 months of age,and showed a significant linear decreased trend at 20 months *** supplementation of PCA demonstrated an effect to mitigate the decrease in semen volume,concentration of spermatozoa,total number of spermatozoa(P>0.05),and significantly increased the sperm motility(P<0.05).Moreover,supplementation of 1,000 mg/kg PCA significantly increased the sperm viability(P<0.05).Analysis on cellular signaling pathways revealed that PCA restored serum testosterone levels and alleviated oxidative damage by upregulating the expression of HO-1,SOD2,and NQO1 in testicular stromal ***,PCA can enhance phosphorylation by selectively binding to AMP-activated protein kinase(AMPK)protein,thereby improving sperm mitochondrial function and augmenting sperm motility via PGC-1/*** These data elucidated the pattern of semen quality variation in boars within the age range of 9 to 37 months old,and PCA has the potential to be a natural antioxidant to enhance sperm quality throu

关键词： Antioxidants Boars Protocatechuic acid Semen quality Signaling pathway

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Effects of different energy levels in low-protein diet on liver lipid metabolism in the late-phase laying hens through the gut-liver axis

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Journal of animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第5期15卷 2122-2136页

作者： Hong Hu Ying Huang Anjian Li Qianhui Mi Kunping Wang Liang Chen Zelong Zhao Qiang Zhang Xi Bai Hongbin Pan Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of animal Nutrition and Feed Science Faculty of Animal Science and TechnologyYunnan Agricultural UniversityKunming 650201China College of animal Science Anhui Science and Technology UniversityBengbu 233000China State Key Laboratory of animal Nutrition Institute of Animal SciencesChinese Academy of Agriculture SciencesBeijing 100193China Shanghai BIOZERON Biotechnology Co. LtdShanghai 201800China WOD Poultry Research Institute Beijing 100193China

Background The energy/protein imbalance in a low-protein diet induces lipid metabolism disorders in late-phase laying *** energy levels in the low-protein diet to adjust the energy-to-protein ratio may improve fat deposition,but this also decreases the laying performance of *** study investigated the mechanism by which different energy levels in the low-protein diet influences liver lipid metabolism in late-phase laying hens through the enterohepatic axis to guide feed optimization and nutrition strategies.A total of 288 laying hens were randomly allocated to the normal-energy and normal-protein diet group(positive control:CK)or 1 of 3 groups:lowenergy and low-protein diet(LL),normal-energy and low-protein diet(NL),and high-energy and low-protein diet(HL)*** energy-to-protein ratios of the CK,LL,NL,and HL diets were 0.67,0.74,0.77,and 0.80,*** Compared with the CK group,egg quality deteriorated with increasing energy intake in late-phase laying hens fed low-protein *** fed LL,NL,and HL diets had significantly higher triglyceride,total cholesterol,acetylCo A carboxylase,and fatty acid synthase levels,but significantly lower hepatic lipase levels compared with the CK *** transcriptome sequencing revealed that genes involved in fatty acid beta-oxidation(ACOX1,HADHA,EHHADH,and ACAA1)were downregulated,whereas genes related to fatty acid synthesis(SCD,FASN,and ACACA)were upregulated in LL group compared with the CK *** of the cecal microbiome showed that in hens fed an LL diet,Lactobacillus and Desulfovibrio were enriched,whereas riboflavin metabolism was *** metabolites that were most significantly affected by the LL diet included several vitamins,such as riboflavin(vitamin B2),pantethine(vitamin B5 derivative),pyridoxine(vitamin B6),and 4-pyridoxic *** A lipid metabolism disorder due to deficiencies of vitamin B2 and pantethine originating from the metabolism of the cecal microb

关键词： Cecal microbiome Energy/protein imbalance Late-phase laying hens laying hens Liver lipid metabolism Low-protein diet Multi-omics

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Mannanase improves the growth performance of broilers by alleviating inflammation of the intestinal epithelium and improving intestinal microbiota

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animal Nutrition 2024年第1期16卷 376-394页

作者： Xiaodan Zhang Huiping Xu Lu Gong Jiao Wang Jianyang Fu Zengpeng Lv Liangjuan Zhou Xuejun Li Qiong Liu Pingyu Xia Yuming Guo State Key Laboratory of animal Nutrition and Feeding College of Animal Science and Technology China Agricultural University Beijing Strowin Biotechnology Co. Ltd.

This experiment aimed to discuss and reveal the effect and mechanism of mannanase on intestinal inflammation in broilers triggered by a soybean meal diet. In this experiment, 384 Arbor Acres broilers at1 d old were randomly divided into 3 treatment groups. The broilers were fed a corn-soybean meal basal diet, a low-energy diet(metabolizable energy reduced by 50 kcal/kg), and a low-energy diet supplemented with 100 mg/kg mannanase for 42 d. The low-energy diet increased feed conversion ratio from0 to 42 d, reduced ileal villus height and villus height-to-crypt depth ratio and upregulated the expression of nuclear factor kappa B(NF-κB) in the ileum(P < 0.05). It also reduced cecal short-chain fatty acids(SCFA), such as acetic acid(P < 0.05). Compared with low-energy diets, the addition of mannanase increased body weight at 42 d, promoted the digestibility of nutrients, and maintained the morphology and integrity of the intestinal epithelium of broilers(P < 0.05). In addition, mannanase upregulated the expression of claudin-1(CLDN1) and zonula occludens-1(ZO-1) in the jejunum at 21 d,downregulated the expression of ileal NF-κB, and increased the content of isobutyric acid in the cecum of broilers(P < 0.05). The results for the ileal microbiota showed that a low-energy diet led to a decrease in the relative abundance of Lactobacillus reuteri in the ileum of broilers. The addition of mannanase increased the relative abundance of Lactobacillus-KC45b and Lactobacillus johnsonii in broilers. Furthermore, a low-energy diet reduced the relative abundance of Butyricicoccus in the intestine of broilers and inhibited oxidative phosphorylation and phosphoinositol metabolism. Mannanase increased the relative abundance of Odoribacter, promoted energy metabolism and N-glycan biosynthesis, and increased the activities of GH3 and GH18. It is concluded that mannanase could improve the growth performance of broilers by reducing the expression of NF-κB in the ileum, increasing the produc

关键词： Broiler Low-energy diet Mannanase Intestinal inflammatory response Intestinal microbiota Metagenome

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Effects of altering the ratio of C16:0 and cis-9 C18:1 in rumen bypass fat on growth performance, lipid metabolism, intestinal barrier, cecal microbiota, and inflammation in fattening bulls

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Journal of animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第5期15卷 2156-2174页

作者： Haixin Bai Haosheng Zhang Congwen Wang Modinat Tolani Lambo Yang Li Yonggen Zhang College of animal Science and Technology Northeast Agricultural UniversityHarbin 150030China Faculty of animal Science and Technology Yunnan Agricultural UniversityKunming 650500China

Background C16:0 and cis-9 C18:1 may have different effects on animal growth and health due to unique metabolism in *** study was investigated to explore the different effects of altering the ratio of C16:0 and cis-9 C18:1 in fat supplements on growth performance,lipid metabolism,intestinal barrier,cecal microbiota,and inflammation in fattening *** finishing Angus bulls(626±69 kg,21±0.5 months)were divided into 3 treatments according to the randomized block design:(1)control diet without additional fat(CON),(2)CON+2.5%palmitic acid calcium salt(PA,90%C16:0),and(3)CON+2.5%mixed fatty acid calcium salt(MA,60%C16:0+30%cis-9 C18:1).The experiment lasted for 104 d,after which all the bulls were slaughtered and sampled for *** MA tended to reduce 0–52 d dry matter intake compared to PA(DMI,P=0.052).Compared with CON and MA,PA significantly increased 0–52 d average daily gain(ADG,P=0.027).PA tended to improve the 0–52 d feed conversion rate compared with CON(FCR,P=0.088).Both PA and MA had no significant effect on 52–104 days of DMI,ADG and FCR(P>0.05).PA tended to improve plasma triglycerides compared with MA(P=0.077),significantly increased plasma cholesterol(P=0.002)and tended to improve subcutaneous adipose weight(P=0.066)when compared with CON and *** PA and MA increased visceral adipose weight compared with CON(P=0.021).Only PA increased the colonization of Rikenellaceae,Ruminococcus and Proteobacteria in the cecum,and MA increased Akkermansia abundance(P<0.05).Compared with CON,both PA and MA down-regulated the m RNA expression of Claudin-1 in the jejunum(P<0.001),increased plasma diamine oxidase(DAO,P<0.001)and lipopolysaccharide(LPS,P=0.045).Compared with CON and MA,PA down-regulated the ZO-1 in the jejunum(P<0.001)and increased plasma LPS-binding protein(LBP,P<0.001).Compared with CON,only PA down-regulated the Occludin in the jejunum(P=0.013).Compared with CON,PA and MA significantly up-regulated the expression of TLR-4 and NF-κB

关键词： C16:0 cis-9 C18:1 Finishing bulls Intestinal homeostasis Lipid metabolism Low-grade inflammation

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