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Individual and demographic responses of a marsh bird assemblage to habitat loss and subsequent restoration

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Avian Research 2020年第1期11卷 25-33页

作者： Ruben Moreno-Opo Monticola Ornithological Group Faculty of BiologyUniversity Autonoma of MadridMadrid 28049Spain deputy directorate on biodiversity Ministry for the Ecological TransitionMadrid 28071Spain

Background: The alteration and loss of habitats are two of the main threats that biodiversity conservation is cur?rently facing up to. The present study describes the effects of a perturbation and restoration in a reedbed habitat on a bird assemblage. We studied the bird community of a wetland of central Spain between 1995 and 2009, during which time an anthropic perturbation altered the original structure of the habitat;subsequently, as a result of restoration works, the habitat returned to its original ***: We evaluated the effects on six population and physical parameters of the birds at three different phases of their life cycles(breeding, wintering and post?breeding migration seasons) before, during and after the habitat alteration. GLM was used to analyze the influence of three independent variables(year, perturbation phase and temperature).Results: The relative abundance and the species richness values decreased when habitat was altered, but then recovered as a result of the regeneration works. This pattern was the clearest amongst specialist species. Breeding success also declined during the perturbation phase and then increased;likewise, the sex ratio changed given that the proportion of male birds increased when habitat was altered. These results are discussed in relation to changes on availability of resources in altered habitats, to the adaptive mechanisms in the exploitation of ecological requirements and to the selection of optimum and sub?optimum habitats by generalist and specialist ***: Ecosystem restoration can favour the recovery of population indexes of specialist passerines, although it depends on the efficiency of the type of restoration activity performed and on the complexity of the habitat.

关键词： Habitat loss Land-use planning Marsh Restoration Ringing station Reedbed

Multi-scale habitat influences sprainting and group size of a freshwater-obligate smooth-coated otter(Lutrogale perspicillata) in Tungabhadra Otter Conservation Reserve, India

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Ecological Processes 2024年第1期13卷 159-175页

作者： Ankit Moun P.Ramesh Kumar M.Malathi Priya T.Ramesh Riddhika Kalle Sálim Ali Centre for Ornithology and Natural History deputy Conservator of Forests Bellary Territorial Forest Division deputy Conservator of Forests Working Plan and Survey and Research WingBellary Territorial Forest Division Centre for Functional biodiversity University of Kwa Zulu-Natal

Background The impact of changing land-use patterns and associated anthropogenic threats on scale-dependent habitat use of semi-aquatic mustelids in scent-marking and social behaviour can provide important insights into the habitat ecology of smooth-coated otters(Lutrogale perspicillata).Methods We sampled 180 stream segments(100–400 m) as spatial replicates of 60 1-km2 sites to record indirect evidence(i.e. spraints and mass latrine sites) and group sizes of smooth-coated otters along the Tungabhadra Otter Conservation Reserve(TOCR) during the dry season. To quantify habitat, we recorded stream characteristics, riparian vegetation, and anthropogenic disturbances at the local scale, and hydro-environmental characteristics and land uses at the landscape scale. Using Markovian-chain detection and occupancy models, we assessed the multi-scale habitat use of otters in their selection of suitable areas for scent-marking based on repeated presence-absence data on spraint/latrine locations along the TOCR. We further used linear regression techniques to explore relationships between the number of individuals in smooth-coated otter group and hydro-environmental characteristics, spraint/latrine encounter rate, anthropogenic pressure, land cover, topography, and *** At the local scale, the probability of spraint deposition and group size decreased with anthropogenic disturbance while the probability of spraint detections decreased with grass cover. At the landscape scale, the probability of otter site use for spraint deposition and group sizes increased in southeast flowing streams. Spraint deposition increased with the proportion of sugarcane fields, whereas in contrast, group size decreased with proportion of sugarcane *** Our findings highlight the first empirical evidence on multi-scale habitat use of a southern Indian population of smooth-coated otters in an inland freshwater ecosystem surrounded by the scrub jungle–agriculture matrix. We sug

关键词： Presence-absence modelling Inland river Freshwater ecosystem Semi-aquatic mammal Smooth-coated otter

Woody species composition and structure of Kuandisha afromontane forest fragment in northwestern Ethiopia

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Journal of Forestry Research 2017年第2期28卷 343-355页

作者： Abiyot Berhanu Sebsebe Demissew Zerihun Woldu Motuma Didita Department of Plant Biology and biodiversity Management Addis Ababa UniversityP.O.Box 1176Addis AbabaEthiopia Forest and Rangeland Plants biodiversity directorate Ethiopian Biodiversity InstituteP.O.Box 30726Addis AbabaEthiopia

To investigate the woody species composition,diversity and structure of Kuandisha Afromontane forest,vegetation and environmental data were collected from 53 plots of 10 m 9 50 m for trees and shrubs and 265 subplots of 2 m 9 4 m for seedlings were laid along eight transect lines. The local name, scientific name, abundance,DBH, height and percentage foliage cover of species were recorded. Environmental variables, namely altitude, latitude and longitude as well as disturbance levels were also recorded in each plot. Structure, basal area, importance value index（IVI） and species prioritization were analyzed using spreadsheet programs. Correlation coefficients, frequency, relative frequency, Shannon diversity index,Shannon evenness and vegetation classification were analyzed using an R package. Sixty-six species belonging to40 families were recorded. Fabaceae was the most diverse family consisting of seven species, followed by Euphorbiaceae and Asteraceae. In terms of habit, 29 species were trees, 28 were shrubs, and 9 were lianas. The overall Shannon diversity index was 2.5. The frequency and relative frequency of woody species with DBH C2.5 cm ranged from 1.9 to 92.5 and 0.1 to 5, respectively. Seedling density varied among species ranging from five to 9938 individuals ha-1. The total basal area of woody species having DBH C2.5 cm is 15.3 m2ha-1. The IVI of species ranged from 0.13 for Solanum giganteum Jacq. to 28.4 for Croton macrostachyus Del. The woody vegetation was classified into five community types. Species richness,diversity and evenness of communities were strongly positively correlated. On the other hand, the correlation between disturbance and seedling density, and species richness was strongly negative. Thus, among the recorded woody species, a significant portion was either lacking regeneration or selectively removed for various *** lack of seedlings of those species is mainly attributed to anthropogenic disturbances particularly free grazing.

关键词： vegetation woody shrub richness liana diverse basal disturbance Species habit

The arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi status of selected tree nurseries in the Ethiopian highlands

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Journal of Forestry Research 2021年第3期32卷 1189-1201页

作者： Fisseha Asmelash Tamrat Bekele Fassil Kebede Zerihun Belay Forest and Rangeland Plants biodiversity directorate Ethiopian Biodiversity InstituteAddis AbabaEthiopia Department of Plant Biology and biodiversity Management Addis Ababa UniversityAddis AbabaEthiopia Center for Soil and Fertilizer Research in Africa Mohammed VI Polytechnic UniversityBen GuerirMorocco Department of Applied Biology School of Natural SciencesAdama Science and Technology UniversityAdamaEthiopia

We investigated the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(AMF)status of ten nurseries suitable for restoration of dry evergreen Afromontane forests in *** quantified AMF root colonization(RC)and spore abundance(SA)in seedlings of nine native tree species namely Acacia abyssinica *** Benth.,Cordia africana Lam.,Dovyalis abyssinica(***.)Warb.,H agenia abyssinica ***.,Juniperus procera *** Endl.,Millettia ferruginea(Hochst.)Baker,Olea europaea ***.c uspidata(*** ***)Cif.,Podocarpus falcatus(Thunb.)*** *** Prunus africana(Hook.f.)*** used the ink and vinegar method to stain AMF in *** levels ranged from 8.00 to 99.67%and were generally higher than the RC levels reported from other similar nurseries in *** levels ranged from 1 to 25 spores g~(-1)and werecomparable with some reports from the field in Ethiopia but they were lower than levels reported by another similar *** was more affected by host species than nursery location,while the reverse was true for *** results also showed that nursery management could improve AMF status among *** all nursery tree species were considered,RC and SA levels were *** strong correlation existed between the nursery management variables considered and RC or ***,considering ***,*** and *** separately,RC-age(r_(s)=0.829,P=0.042)correlation for *** and RC-pot diameter(r_(s)=0.820,P=0.046),RC-pot volume(r_(s)=0.928,P=0.008)and SA-age(r_(s)=0.943,P=0.005)correlations for ***,were significant,strong and ***,most of the tree species and particularly,early-mid successional tree species had sufficient AMF ***,only the mid-late successional tree species;***,***,and *** may require AMF inoculation,preferably,during filed *** on our results,age and pot volume were identified to be important variables potentially affecting RC and *** better understand the effects of t

关键词： Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi Dovyalis abyssinica Dry evergreen afromontane forests Forest restoration Ink and vinegar staining Tree nursery

Assessment of naked mole-rat distribution and threats in Eastern Ethiopia

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Journal of Coastal Life Medicine 2016年第8期4卷 655-658页

作者： Mengistu Wale Abeje Kassie Tesfu Fekensa Animal biodiversity directorate Ethiopian Biodiversity InstituteAddis AbabaEthiopia

Objective:To identify the distribution,threats and community attitudes towards naked mole-rat in Eastern ***:Data were collected through direct observation and interview and Chi-square at 95%confidence interval was used for significance ***:Naked mole-rat was identified in Fafan,City/Shinele,Eastern Hararghe Zone and Dire Dawa *** main threats of naked mole-rat identified were agricultural expansion,human killing and lack of *** a total of 100 respondents,92%of them considered naked mole-rat as pest as a result that 46%of them participated in direct *** rate significantly affects the willingness to participate in the conservation of naked mole-rat(χ^(2)=7.478,df=1,P<0.05).From a total of 26%respondents who did not show the willingness to participate in the conservation,80.8%of them were ***:Naked mole-rat is fairly common in many of the study ***,rapid shift from nomadic life style to cultivation of crops and lacks of awareness were the main threats of naked ***,since there is no conservation action currently,further comprehensive study is required to design conservation plan for this species.

关键词： Naked mole-rat Eastern Hararghe Zone Somali National Regional State Dire Dawa Administrative

Geochemical Assessment and Lateral Reservoir Continuity of Asmari Reservoir Oils in the Cheshmeh-Khush Oilfield,SW Iran

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2020年第5期94卷 1562-1573页

作者： Farid TEZHEH Bijan BEIRANVAND Hormuz GHALAVAND Mohammad Reza KAMALI Rahim BAGHERI TIRTASHI Research Institute of the Petroleum Industry(RIPI) TehranIran deputy of Development and Engineering National Iranian Oil Company(NIOC)TehranIran Geochemistry Department Exploration DirectorateNational Iranian Oil Company(NIOC)TehranIran

A total of 6 oil samples were systematically selected from six Asmari Reservoir wells in the Cheshmeh-Khush Oilfield for geochemical evaluation of the hydrocarbon system,based on reservoir geochemistry and oil *** investigation of the distribution patterns of normal alkanes and tricyclic and tetracyclic terpanes along with characteristic biomarkers of the depositional environment and sedimentary facies,indicated that the source rock of the studied hydrocarbons was deposited in a reducing aquatic environment with a low input of terrigenous material and predominantly carbonate lithology derived from organic algal *** studied oil samples exhibited moderate maturity,as was further confirmed by the parameters extracted from the light *** clustering based on different biomarker parameters indicated the presence of two oil ***,the application of branched and cyclic compounds in the light hydrocarbons(C5–C11)to evaluate lateral continuity of the Asmari reservoir further supported the presence of the two oil *** evidence proved the presence of a NE–SW trending fault separating wells X5 and X6 from the other wells in the *** other wells across the field,good lateral reservoir continuity was observed,despite the presence of faults on the northern and southern plunges of the structure.

关键词： oil fingerprint lateral continuity Asmari Reservoir petroleum families Cheshmeh-Khush Oilfield

Diversity and abundance of amphibian species in the Guguftu highland and Chefa wetland,Amhara Regional State,Ethiopia

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Journal of Coastal Life Medicine 2016年第6期4卷 490-495页

作者： Abeje Kassie Teme Mengistu Wale Mollaleign Asersie MekonnenAregie Wild Animals Case Team Animal Biodiversity DirectorateEthiopian Biodiversity InstituteAddis Ababa 30726Ethiopia

Objective:To describe the population status,abundance and diversity of amphibians found in Guguftu highland and Chefa ***:The present study dealed with amphibian diversity at Guguftu highland and Chefa wetland during the period of August 2015 to September *** line and visual encounter survey methods were used in careful visual estimation and amphibians were recorded in all possible habitats of the study ***:The total of 251 individuals of amphibians within 12 species grouped into 5 families were recorded in the Guguftu highland and Chefa *** wetland had the highest species abundance as well as richness with a total of 231 individuals falling in 11 ***:This study reveals that the Chefa wetland is rich in amphibian diversity and supports many more *** studies are needed on molecular basis,population structure,habitat use by amphibians for better understanding and also imposing several conservation strategies in Chefa wetland.

关键词： Abundance Amphibian Chefa wetland Diversity Guguftu highland

Woody species composition,structure and environmental determinants in a moist evergreen Afromontane forest,southern Ethiopia

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Journal of Forestry Research 2020年第4期31卷 1173-1186页

作者： Befkadu Mewded Mesele Negash Tesfaye Awas Forest and Range Land Plants Diversity directorate Ethiopian Biodiversity InstituteP.O.Box:30726Addis AbabaEthiopia Wondo Genet College of Forestry and Natural Resources Hawassa UniversityP.O.Box:123ShashemeneEthiopia

Ethiopian moist evergreen Afromontane forests are vital for the conservation of plant diversity,including genetic pools of Coffea arabica ***,these forests are continuously shrinking and need empirical scientific studies for their effective conservation and sustainable *** study was,therefore,conducted to assess woody species composition,diversity,endemicity,structure,plant communities,and environmental determinants in Sirso moist evergreen Afromontane forest of southern *** variables such as altitude,slope,aspect,disturbance levels,and geographical location were recorded for each main *** structure and importance value index(IVI),diversity,vegetation classification,and correlation with environmental factors were analyzed.A total of 74 woody species representing 70 genera and 34 families were *** species were *** glutinosa *** *** and Prunus africana(Hook.f.)*** species categorized as vulnerable according to the IUCN red list *** highest number of species was recorded for the Rubiaceae family(8),followed by Euphorbiaceae(6),and Asteraceae(6).Five plant communities were identified:Maesa lanceolata-Dombeya torrida,Galiniera saxifraga-Cyathea manniana,Vepris dainellii-Triumfetta tomentosa,Dracaena fragrans-Rytigynia neglecta,and Arundinaria *** distribution of these communities depends on altitude,slope,and disturbance *** guineense(Wild.)DC.,Schefflera abyssinica(*** ***.)Harms,and Galiniera saxifraga(Hochst.)Bridson were species with the highest IVI,while ***,Cordia africana Lam.,Hagenia abyssinica(Bruce)***,Bridelia micrantha(Hochst.)Baill.,and *** had the *** structure of woody species showed an inverted J-shape,a J-shape,a bell-shape,and an irregular shaped *** latter three population structure revealed signs of disturbances,and were negatively correlated with altitude and *** study sh

关键词： Endemicity Plant community Population recruitment Regeneration status

Invasion and impacts of Xanthium strumarium in Borena Zone of Oromia Region, Ethiopia

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Journal of Coastal Life Medicine 2017年第8期5卷 350-355页

作者： Nigussie Seboka Tadesse Amare Seifu Assefa Manaye Misganaw Motbaynor Edget Merawi Betsiha Ashenafi Ayenew Hailu Girum Faris Beyene Tesfaye Bekele Hordofa Ethiopian biodiversity Institute Genetic Resource Access and Benefit Sharing DirectorateAddis AbabaEthiopia

Objective: To assess the impacts, mode of entry, trends, status, distribution and management practices of Xanthium strumarium (X. strumarium) in Borena Zone of Oromia Region. Methods: Four study districts and eight kebeles (peasant associations) were purposively selected based on distribution level and data from agricultural offices. Then, randomly, eight key informants were selected from each kebele. Data were collected using semi-structured interview and analyzed using SPSS version 21. Results: All respondents (100%) acknowledged that X. strumarium highly invaded the study area and its spread was increasing both in time and space. According to respondents, X. strumarium was introduced to the area mainly along with improved seed varieties, food aid, flood, animals and vehicles, and easily dispersed by clinging to animal hides and human clothing. In the past time, X. strumarium caused high level of damage on native biodiversity and thus respondents worried that this might continue in the future. Similarly, respondents (98.4%) stated that X. strumarium was out of control in the study area and they recommended further investigation by concerned body to control the spread. Conclusions: In conclusion, X. strumarium is spreading rapidly in the study area by threatening native biodiversity and adversely affecting agroeconomy of the farmers and the country. Therefore, it needs the effort of all concerned bodies to control the impacts.

关键词： Xanthium strumarium Invasive biodiversity Impact