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Impacts of PI3K/protein kinase B pathway activation in reactive astrocytes: from detrimental effects to protective functions

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第4期20卷 1031-1041页

作者： Ramón Pérez-Núñez María Fernanda González Ana María Avalos Lisette Leyton Cellular Communication Laboratory Programa de Biología Celular y MolecularCenter for Studies on ExerciseMetabolism and Cancer(CEMC)Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas(ICBM)Facultad de MedicinaUniversidad de ChileSantiagoChile Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases(ACCDiS) Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences&Faculty of MedicineUniversidad de ChileSantiagoChile Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas Facultad de Ciencias de la SaludUniversidad Autónoma de ChileSantiagoChile

Astrocytes are the most abundant type of glial cell in the central nervous *** injury and inflammation,astrocytes become reactive and undergo morphological and functional *** on their phenotypic classification as A1 or A2,reactive astrocytes contribute to both neurotoxic and neuroprotective responses,***,this binary classification does not fully capture the diversity of astrocyte responses observed across different diseases and *** analysis has revealed that reactive astrocytes have a complex landscape of gene expression profiles,which emphasizes the heterogeneous nature of their *** actively participate in regulating central nervous system inflammation by interacting with microglia and other cell types,releasing cytokines,and influencing the immune *** phosphoinositide 3-kinase(PI3K)/protein kinase B(AKT)signaling pathway is a central player in astrocyte reactivity and impacts various aspects of astrocyte behavior,as evidenced by in silico,in vitro,and in vivo *** astrocytes,inflammatory cues trigger a cascade of molecular events,where nuclear factor-κB serves as a central mediator of the pro-inflammatory ***,we review the heterogeneity of reactive astrocytes and the molecular mechanisms underlying their *** highlight the involvement of various signaling pathways that regulate astrocyte reactivity,including the PI3K/AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR),αvβ3 integrin/PI3K/AKT/connexin 43,and Notch/PI3K/AKT *** targeting the inactivation of the PI3K/AKT cellular signaling pathway to control reactive astrocytes and prevent central nervous system damage,evidence suggests that activating this pathway could also yield beneficial *** dual function of the PI3K/AKT pathway underscores its complexity in astrocyte reactivity and brain function *** review emphasizes the importance of employing astrocyte-exclusive models to underst

关键词： inflammation integrins neuroprotective neurotoxic phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase reactive astrocytes signal transduction Thy-1(CD90)

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American tegumentary leishmaniasis mimicking myiasis and granulomatous vasculitis:A case report

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2024年第10期17卷 473-476,I0001,I0002页

作者： Victoria J Arrieta Gastón Morea Leticia M Tennerini María VSanchez Esteban S Lozano Diego E Cargnelutti Instituto de Medicina y biología Experimental de Cuyo(IMBECU) Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas(CONICET)Universidad Nacional de Cuyo(UNCuyo)MendozaArgentina Hospital Luis C.Lagomaggiore MendozaArgentina Facultad de Ciencias Médicas(FCM) Universidad Nacional de Cuyo(UNCuyo)MendozaArgentina

Rationale:American tegumentary leishmaniasis comprises cutaneous and mucocutaneous manifestations caused by parasitic infections by various Leishmania *** report details the clinical interventions for a patient with American tegumentary leishmaniasis in Mendoza,Argentina,a non-endemic *** concerns:A 43-year-old male was admitted to a tertiary care hospital in Mendoza,Argentina Republic with a history of progressive nasal discharge,septal perforation,facial pain,and *** treatment for presumed nasal myiasis and vasculitis with granulomatosis,symptoms ***:American tegumentary ***:Intravenous liposomal amphotericin ***:Follow-up at 30 days showed no recurrence of symptoms with a remarkable clinical improvement of the nasal ***:This case sheds light on the necessity of accurate identification for timely intervention and the need to recognize the diverse manifestations of American tegumentary leishmaniasis to avoid misdiagnosis.

关键词： Leishmania American tegumentary leishmaniasis Diagnosis methods Myasis Vasculitis and granulomatosis Case report

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Premature losses of leaf area in response to drought and insect herbivory through a leaf lifespan gradient

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Journal of Forestry Research 2022年第1期33卷 39-50页

作者： Sonia Mediavilla Montserrat Martínez-Ortega Santiago Andrés Javier Bobo Alfonso Escudero Departamento de Ecología Facultad de BiologíaUniversidad de Salamanca37071 SalamancaSpain Departamento de Botánica y Fisiología Vegetal Facultad de BiologíaUniversidad de Salamanca37071 SalamancaSpain

Implications of the differences in leaf life span are still subject to debate in the field of *** leaf traits associated with these differences may be decisive for determining the distribution of tree species,this topic is particularly relevant in the context of climate *** study analyzes the effects of the differences in leaf life span on premature losses of leaf area owing to insect herbivory and to abiotic *** of leaf area may be an important determinant of total leaf carbon *** Mediterranean tree species,distributed on four sites with different climates were *** species exhibited strong differences in leaf life span and in leaf traits,especially leaf mass per unit *** leaf area losses were estimated in response to insect herbivory and summer drought over two *** results revealed that,despite having older leaf cohorts with more damage,species with longer leaf duration had lower area lost to herbivores and less damage due to accelerated senescence during the summer *** respect to the predicted increase in water stress,deciduous species are at a disadvantage due to their high premature loss of leaf area and thus loss of photosynthetic capacity.

关键词： Accelerated senescence Insect herbivory Leaf life span Leaf structural reinforcement Summer drought

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Plant cell wall-mediated disease resistance:Current understanding and future perspectives

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Molecular Plant 2024年第5期17卷 699-724页

作者： Antonio Molina Lucıa Jorda Miguel Angel Torres Marina Martın-Dacal Diego Jose Berlanga Patricia Fernandez-Calvo Elena Gomez-Rubio Sonsoles Martın-Santamarıa Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas Universidad Politécnica de Madrid(UPM)-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria(INIA/CSIC)Campus de Montegancedo UPMPozuelo de Alarcon(Madrid)Spain Departamento de Biotecnologıa-biología Vegetal Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenierıa AgronomicaAlimentarıa y de BiosistemasUPMMadridSpain Centro de Investigaciones biologicas Margarita Salas Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas(CSIC)Ramiro de Maeztu 928040 MadridSpain Misión Biológica de Galicia Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas(CSIC)Campus de Montegancedo UPMPozuelo de Alarcón(Madrid)Spain

Beyond their function as structural barriers,plant cell walls are essential elements for the adaptation of plants to environmental *** walls are dynamic structures whose composition and integrity can be altered in response to environmental challenges and developmental *** wall changes are perceived by plant sensors/receptors to trigger adaptative responses during development and upon stress *** cell wall damage caused by pathogen infection,wounding,or other stresses leads to the release of wall molecules,such as carbohydrates(glycans),that function as damage-associated molecular patterns(DAMPs).DAMPs are perceived by the extracellular ectodomains(ECDs)of pattern recognition receptors(PRRs)to activate pattern-triggered immunity(PTI)and disease ***,glycans released from the walls and extracellular layers of microorganisms interacting with plants are recognized as microbe-associated molecular patterns(MAMPs)by specific ECD-PRRs triggering PTI *** number of oligosaccharides DAMPs/MAMPs identified that are perceived by plants has increased in recent ***,the structural mechanisms underlying glycan recognition by plant PRRs remain ***,this knowledge is mainly focused on receptors of the LysM-PRR family,which are involved in the perception of various molecules,such as chitooligosaccharides from fungi and lipo-chitooligosaccharides(i.e.,Nod/MYC factors from bacteria and mycorrhiza,respectively)that trigger differential physiological ***,additional families of plant PRRs have recently been implicated in oligosaccharide/polysaccharide *** include receptor kinases(RKs)with leucine-rich repeat and Malectin domains in their ECDs(LRR-MAL RKs),Catharanthus roseus RECEPTOR-LIKE KINASE 1-LIKE group(CrRLK1L)with Malectin-like domains in their ECDs,as well as wall-associated kinases,lectin-RKs,and *** characterization of structural basis of glycans recogniti

关键词： Arabidopsis thaliana cell wall damage-associated molecular patterns DAMPs disease resistance glycans oligosaccharides pattern-triggered immunity PTl pattern recognition receptor PRRs

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Medicinal chemistry strategies towards the development of non-covalent SARS-CoV-2 Mpro inhibitors

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2024年第1期14卷 87-109页

作者： Letian Song Shenghua Gao Bing Ye Mianling Yang Yusen Cheng Dongwei Kang Fan Yi Jin-Peng Sun Luis Menéndez-Arias Johan Neyts Xinyong Liu Peng Zhan Department of Medicinal Chemistry Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology(Ministry of Education)School of Pharmaceutical SciencesCheeloo College of MedicineShandong UniversityJinan 250012China Shenzhen Research Institute of Shandong University Shenzhen 518057China The Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province Department of PharmacologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesShandong UniversityJinan 250012China Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesCheeloo College of MedicineShandong UniversityJinan 250012China Centro de biologı´a Molecular“Severo Ochoa”(Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientı´ficas&Autonomous University of Madrid) Madrid 28049Spain KU Leuven Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyRega Institute for Medical ResearchLaboratory of Virology and ChemotherapyLeuven 3000Belgium

The main protease(M^(pro))of SARS-CoV-2 is an attractive target in anti-COVID-19 therapy for its high conservation and major role in the virus life *** covalent M^(pro)inhibitor nirmatrelvir(in combination with ritonavir,a pharmacokinetic enhancer)and the non-covalent inhibitor ensitrelvir have shown efficacy in clinical trials and have been approved for therapeutic *** antiviral drugs are needed to fight the pandemic,while non-covalent M^(pro)inhibitors could be promising alternatives due to their high selectivity and favorable *** non-covalent M^(pro)inhibitors with desirable properties have been developed based on available crystal structures of M^(pro).In this article,we describe medicinal chemistry strategies applied for the discovery and optimization of non-covalent M^(pro)inhibitors,followed by a general overview and critical analysis of the available *** viewpoints and insights into current strategies for the development of non-covalent M^(pro)inhibitors are also discussed.

关键词： COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 Main protease Non-covalent inhibitors Medicinal chemistry strategies

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Effect of arsenic on tolerance mechanisms of two plant growth-promoting bacteria used as biological inoculants

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2015年第7期27卷 203-210页

作者： Ana L.Armendariz Melina A.Talano Ana L.Wevar Oller María I.Medina Elizabeth Agostini Departamento de biología Molecular FCEFQy N Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto

Bacterial ability to colonize the rhizosphere of plants in arsenic（As） contaminated soils is highly important for symbiotic and free-living plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria（PGPR）used as inoculants, since they can contribute to enhance plant As tolerance and limit metalloid uptake by plants. The aim of this work was to study the effect of As on growth,exopolysaccharide（EPS） production, biofilm formation and motility of two strains used as soybean inoculants, Bradyrhizobium japonicum E109 and Azospirillum brasilense Az39. The metabolism of arsenate（As（V）） and arsenite（As（III）） and their removal and/or possible accumulation were also evaluated. The behavior of both bacteria under As treatment was compared and discussed in relation to their potential for colonizing plant rhizosphere with high content of the metalloid. B. japonicum E109 growth was reduced with As（III）concentration from 10 μM while A. brasilense Az39 showed a reduction of growth with As（III） from 500 μM. EPS and biofilm production increased significantly under 25 μM As（III）for both strains. Moreover, this was more notorious for Azospirillum under 500 μM As（III）,where motility was seriously affected. Both bacterial strains showed a similar ability to reduce As（V）. However, Azospirillum was able to oxidize more As（III）（around 53%） than Bradyrhizobium（17%）. In addition, both strains accumulated As in cell biomass. The behavior of Azospirillum under As treatments suggests that this strain would be able to colonize efficiently As contaminated soils. In this way, inoculation with A. brasilense Az39 would positively contribute to promoting growth of different plant species under As treatment.

关键词： Accumulation Arsenic Biofilm Colonization Exopolysaccharides Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria

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Resource-sharing strategies in ecotypes of the invasive clonal plant Carpobrotus edulis: specialization for abundance or scarcity of resources

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2017年第4期10卷 681-691页

作者： Josefina G.Campoy Rubén Retuerto Sergio R.Roiloa Departamento de biología Celular y Ecología Área de EcologíaFacultad de BiologíaCampus VidaUniversidade de Santiago de Compostela15782 Santiago de CompostelaSpain Grupo BioCost Departamento de Biología AnimalBiología Vegetal y EcologíaÁrea de EcologíaFacultad de CienciasUniversidade da Coruña15071 A CoruñaSpain

Aims Carpobrotus edulis(L.)*** known to invade many coastal ecosystems around the world,and it has been considered as one of the most severe threats to numerous terrestrial plant ***,the study of the relationships between life-history traits that may favour its invasiveness and the invasibility of the environments is necessary to improve our knowledge about inva-sion *** this research,we specifically tested the effects of physiological integration in genotypes from contrasting habitats,where the importance of integration is expected to ***,the main objective of this work was to detect the presence of adaptive plasticity in the capacity for clonal integration in this aggressive *** In a greenhouse experiment,we compared the performance,in terms of growth and photochemical efficiency,of two *** *** and severed ramet pairs from coastal sand dunes and rocky coast habitats were grown in substrates of different quality and *** Findings Our study clearly indicates that clonal integration improves growth and photosynthetic efficiency in the aggressive invader *** differ-ent aspects of clonal integration determine site-specific strategies in this species in order to optimize its successful propagation in a particular *** demonstrated that the adaptation of *** to local envi-ronments has led to a differential selection of two complex clonal traits associated with the capacity for clonal *** patchy sand dunes,*** has evolved ecotypes with ramets highly plastic in patterns of biomass allocation,which allows ramets to specialize in the acquisi-tion of the resource that is locally most abundant,i.e.,a spatial division of labour among ***,in the harsher rocky coast habitats,local adaptation produced highly integrated ecotypes,where resource sharing is not combined with a specialization of resource acquisition.

关键词： adaptive plasticity biomass allocation Carpobrotus edulis chlorophyll fluorescence clonal integration

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A new look at the first dinosaur discovered in Antarctica:reappraisal of Antarctopelta oliveroi(Ankylosauria:Parankylosauria)

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Advances in Polar Science 2024年第1期35卷 78-107页

作者： Sergio SOTO ACUÑA Alexander OVARGAS Jonatan KALUZA Red Paleontológica U-Chile Departamento de BiologíaFacultad de CienciasUniversidad de ChileÑuñoa 7800003Chile Escuela de Geología Facultad de CienciasIngeniería y TecnologíaUniversidad MayorProvidenciaSantiago 7500994Chile Fundación de Historia Natural Félix de Azara Universidad MaimónidesBuenos Aires C1405Argentina Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas(CONICET) Buenos Aires C1425FQBArgentina

The first dinosaur discovered in the Antarctic continent was the ankylosaur Antarctopelta oliveroi in the ***,since then several hypotheses of phylogenetical relationships have been proposed because these have been depended on how the skeletal remains have been *** main obstacle for clarifying its phylogenetic position is that many portions of the skeleton remain unknown,in addition to the presence of unknown characters in typical *** an ankylosaurid,nodosaurid,or even a chimaera,a recent proposal based on mostly complete material of a new ankylosaur from Chilean Patagonia provided support for a novel phylogenetic hypothesis:Antarctopelta and other southern ankylosaurs are an early branching clade,the Parankylosauria,whose origin probably dates to the Late *** the light of this new view,a redescription of the available skeletal remains is provided together with a new reconstruction of the first Antarctic dinosaur known to the science community.

关键词： Antarctic Peninsula Biogeographic Weddellian Province Parankylosauria Antarctopelta

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Glial regenerative response in the imaginal discs of Drosophila melanogaster

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Neural Regeneration Research 2023年第1期18卷 109-110页

作者： Sergio B.Velarde Antonio Baonza Centro de biología Molecular“Severo Ochoa” CSIC/UAMMadridSpain

Glial cells play a key role during nervous system development and actively participate in all the cellular processes involved in maintaining its structural robustness and functional *** response to neuronal damage,glial cells proliferate,migrate to the injured region and change their morphology,function,and behavior(Gallo and Deneen,2014;Kato et al.,2018).This glial regenerative response is associated with the repairing function of these cells and is found across species,suggesting that it may reflect a common underlying genetic mechanism(Kato et al.,2018).

关键词： damage migrate

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Role of vascular endothelial growth factor as a critical neurotrophic factor for the survival and physiology of motoneurons

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Neural Regeneration Research 2023年第8期18卷 1691-1696页

作者： Paula M.Calvo Rosendo G.Hernández Rosa R.de la Cruz Angel M.Pastor Departamento de Fisiología Facultad de BiologíaUniversidad de SevillaSevillaSpain

Vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)was discovered by its angiogenic ***,during evolution,it appeared earlier as a neurotrophic factor required for the development of the nervous system in invertebrates lacking a circulatory *** aimed at reviewing recent evidence indicating that VEGF has neuroprotective effects in neurons exposed to a variety of *** particular interest is the link established between VEGF and motoneurons,especially after the design of the VEGFδ/δmutant *** mice are characterized by low levels of VEGF and develop muscle weakness and motoneuron degeneration resembling amyotrophic lateral *** administration of VEGF through several routes to animal models of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis delays motor impairment and motoneuron degeneration and increases life *** are new recent advances in the role of VEGF in the physiology of *** experimental aims use the extraocular(abducens)motoneurons lesioned by axotomy as a model for studying VEGF *** abducens motoneurons exhibit severe alterations in their discharge activity and a loss of synaptic *** exogenous administration of VEGF to axotomized abducens motoneurons,either from the transected nerve or intraventricularly,fully restores the synaptic and discharge properties of abducens motoneurons,despite being *** addition,when an anti-VEGF neutralizing antibody is delivered from the muscle to intact,uninjured abducens motoneurons,these cells display alterations in their discharge pattern and a loss of synaptic boutons that resemble the state of *** these data indicate that VEGF is an essential neurotrophic factor for motoneurons.

关键词： abducens nucleus amyotrophic lateral sclerosis cell death extracellular single-unit recordings eye movements neurodegeneration oculomotor trophic factors

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