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Seismicity and Seismotectonics of Jeddah-Makkah Region, West-Central Saudi Arabia

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Journal of Earth Science 2015年第5期26卷 746-754页

作者： Mohammed Fnais Abdullah Al-Amri Kamal Abdelrahman Enayat Abdelmonem Sherif El-Hady Geology & geophysics dept. College of Science King Saud University Seismology dept. National Research Institute of Astronomy and Geophysics geophysics dept. College of Earth Sciences King Abdul Aziz University

Jeddah-Makkah regionis have been suffering from earthquake crisis where some moderate to destructive earthquakes have been recorded. These earthquake activities are oriented along major faults or clustered in certain spots. Moreover, these earthquake events have annual recurrence periods, so the identification of these seismogenic source zones is of utmost importance for mapping the most hazardous localities which should be avoided in the future urban planning. Historical and instrumental earthquakes have been collected from national and international data centers and unified in catalogue. The existence of microearthquakes inland suggests that there is a significant level of tectonic activity at away from the axial trough of the Red Sea. Then, seismogenic source zones have been defined depending on the major tectonic trends; distribution of earthquake epicenters, seismicity rate（a ＆ b- values） and fault plane solution of major earthquakes. It is concluded that Jeddah-Makkah region is affected by the outlined five seismogenic source zones; three of these zones aligned of the main Red Sea axial trough（southwestern Jeddah, western Jeddah, and northwestern Jeddah zones）, while the other two zones are located in the land area of the region（Thewal-Rabegh and Jeddah-Makkah zones）. These inland zones correlated well with the main trends of major tectonics which refleet the reactivation of tectonic movements along these fault trends. The Red Sea zones are in agreement with the main path of the axial trough. The range of b-value in these identified zones is 0.65 to 1.03 through these identified zones. The area characterized by higher b-values could be indicative of a relative low stress regime which was a result of resulting from the stress release by the earthquakes. Whereas, the areas of lower b-values can be considered as an evidence of a relatively higher stress regime associated with a dominantly extensional stresses. Based on aforementioned, the region is suffering from

关键词： seismicity seismotectonic source zones b-value Jeddah

Brillouin expanded time-domain analysis based on dual optical frequency combs

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Light(Science & Applications) 2024年第8期13卷 1534-1544页

作者： Jae Hyeong Youn Kwang Yong Song Sonia Martin-Lopez Miguel Gonzalez-Herraez María R.Fernández-Ruiz dept.of Physics Chung-Ang UniversitySeoulKorea dept.of Electronics Universidad de AlcaláMadridSpain

Brillouin Optical Time-Domain Analysis(BOTDA)is a widely-used distributed optical fiber sensing technology employing pulse-modulated pump waves for local information retrieval of the Brillouin gain or loss *** spatial resolution of BOTDA systems is intrinsically linked to pulse duration,so high-resolution measurements demand high electronic bandwidths inversely proportional to the *** paper introduces Brillouin Expanded Time-Domain Analysis(BETDA)as a modified BOTDA system,simultaneously achieving high spatial resolution and low detection *** two optical frequency combs(OFCs)with different frequency intervals as pump and probe,local Brillouin gain spectra are recorded by their spectral beating traces in an expanded time domain.A 2-cm-long hotspot located in a 230m single-mode fiber is successfully measured in the time domain with a detection bandwidth of less than 100 kHz using dual OFCs with tailored spectral phase,line spacing,and bandwidth.

关键词： pump optical fiber

碎屑石英颗粒继承性裂纹和空隙胶结物中同生流体包裹体—获取古环境温度和盐度又一新途径

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天然气工业 2002年第1期22卷 9-13页

作者：陈红汉 JohnParnell 等中国地质大学 dept.ofgeology＆PetroleumGeology AberdeenUniversity

运用稳定氧同位素（δ^18O)、Mg/Ca比值、碳酸盐胶结物和岩盐流体包裹体等方法，能够获得古环境温度或盐度参数，但这些方法本身存在各自缺陷，因而在实际应用中受到一定限制。文章首次检测到不同地区、不同层位和不同沉积环境中石英碎... 详细信息

运用稳定氧同位素（δ^18O)、Mg/Ca比值、碳酸盐胶结物和岩盐流体包裹体等方法，能够获得古环境温度或盐度参数，但这些方法本身存在各自缺陷，因而在实际应用中受到一定限制。文章首次检测到不同地区、不同层位和不同沉积环境中石英碎屑颗粒继承性裂纹和空隙胶结物捕获近地表同生流体包裹体均一温度和盐度。在成因上，它属于同沉积期或近地表捕获与古环境相关的次生（裂纹中）和原生（硅质胶结物中）盐水包裹体。因此，鉴别和测定这种类型的流体包裹体，为建立沉积环境古温度和古盐度的连续记录来了解古气候变迁而提供了一种可能的新途径。根据北海West Lewis和Shetland盆地、渤海渤中地区和南海莺歌海盆地钻井取心样品测定，证实了该方法的可靠性和实用性。

关键词：石油地质碎屑石英颗粒空隙胶结构同生流体包裹体冷冻成核古温度古盐度

Apparent Polar Wander Path from the Tarim Block in China

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 1990年第1期64卷 1-13页

作者： Robert Sharps Michael McWilliams geophysics dept. Stanford Univ.StanfordCA94305

The apparent polar wander (APW) path from the Tarim block consists of palaeo-magnetic poles ofDevonian (λ=16°N, ψ= 165° E. A_(95)=4°). Late Carboniferous (λ=41° N, ψ=160° E, A_(95)=4°).Permian (λ=61°N, ψ=177° E. A_(95)=9°). Early Triassic (λ=69° N. ψ=183° E. A_(95)=11°) andJurassic/Cretaceous (λ=65° N, ψ=214° E. A_(95)=6°) times. On the basis of this APW path, it is con-cluded that the Tarim block was subducted beneath the Kazakstan plate between Devonian and Permiantimes. The Tarim, North China and South China blocks were sutured between the Early Triassic and EarlyCretaceous. Tarim had moved eastward some 2000 km relative to Siberia since the Cretaceous.

关键词： Apparent Polar Wander Path from the Tarim Block in China Path

ROSSBY WAVES WITH THE CHANGE OF β

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 1992年第1期13卷 39-49页

作者：刘式适谭本馗 dept. of geophysics Peking University Beijing dept. of Atmospheric Sciences Nanjing University

In this paper, the change of the Rossby parameter β with latitude is considered and the parameter γ≡-dβ/dy=2Ωsinφ/a2 is introduced and the β-plane approximation is extended into f=f0+β0y-γ0y2/2 which includes the parameter γ . Such approximation closes further to practice especially in the high latitude regions. We give emphasis to the research of the effect of the parameter γ on the Rossby waves. It is seen that the effect of the parameter γ is remarkable in the high latitude regions. It can produce the Rossby waves caused by the pure parameter γ. And the phase speed formula of Rossby waves with the change of β is generally given, which is degenerated into the well-known Rossby formula when γ0=0. The researches also point out that when the change of β is regarded, even if the basic current u¯ is a linear function of y the unstable modes can also take place. However, the parameter γ usually plays a stable part in the Rossby waves and it does affect the longitudinal scale and the structure of constant phase lines (trough-ridge lines) of Rossby waves and slow down the growing or decaying of Rossby waves.

关键词： Rossby waves Rossby parameter parameter γ

Spectral　Characteristics　of　Atmospheric　Turbulence　Model

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Communications in Nonlinear Science and Numerical Simulation 1996年第4期1卷 25-28页

作者： Guojun XIN Shida LIU Shikou LIU & Fuming LIANG (dept. of geophysics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P.R.China) dept. of geophysics Peking University Beijing 100871 P.R.China

ＳｐｅｃｔｒａｌＣｈａｒａｃｔｅｒｉｓｔｉｃｓｏｆＡｔｍｏｓｐｈｅｒｉｃＴｕｒｂｕｌｅｎｃｅＭｏｄｅｌ１１ＴｈｅｐａｐｅｒｗａｓｒｅｃｅｉｖｅｄｏｎＯｃｔ．２５，１９９６ＧｕｏｊｕｎＸＩＮＳｈｉｄａＬＩＵＳｈｉｋｏｕ... 详细信息

ＳｐｅｃｔｒａｌＣｈａｒａｃｔｅｒｉｓｔｉｃｓｏｆＡｔｍｏｓｐｈｅｒｉｃＴｕｒｂｕｌｅｎｃｅＭｏｄｅｌ１１ＴｈｅｐａｐｅｒｗａｓｒｅｃｅｉｖｅｄｏｎＯｃｔ．２５，１９９６ＧｕｏｊｕｎＸＩＮＳｈｉｄａＬＩＵＳｈｉｋｏｕＬＩＵ＆ＦｕｍｉｎｇＬＩＡＮＧ（Ｄ...

关键词： KdV-Burgers equation heteroclinic orbit turbulent spectrum

Analysis of the air-sea heat exchange during the El Nino event in 1983

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 1990年第4期9卷 513-526页

作者： Zhu Yafen and Yang Dasheng geophysics Department,Peking University,Beijing,China geophysics dept. Peking Univ. Beijing China. China

In this paper,by using the ECMWF objective analysed data as well as CAC and NOAA grid point data of 1981 and 1983,the sensible and latent heat fluxes at the air and sea boundary surface within the range of 45°E-75°W, 35°N-35°S over the Pacific and the Indian Ocean are calculated. The purpose is to analyse the different revealing features during the mature stage and at the end of the 1982 -1983 El Nino event and to compare the difference of the features between thd El Nino and the normal. The result shows that the air and sea heat exchange west of the dateline over the central tropical Pacific during the EJ Nino period is more intense than that of the normal. However,the fluxes of the sensible and latent heat on the sea surface with strong warming of SSTneat by and on the south side of the equator east of 170°W are low and even negative,and the patterns of the sensible and latent heat fluxes over the Indian Ocean during the year of 1983 are similer to that of normal. Spatial patterns of the sensible heat ,the latent heat,SST,OLR and the wind speed exhibit large anomalies during the El Nino event. The corresponding relationships of the spatial distribution of the streng exchange of heat fluxes with regions of high SST and action convection or negative anomalies of OLR are relatively complicated. But the region of maximum air and sea heat exchange is in good coincidence with that of high value of the Vs. The strong heat exchange is weakened with the declining and the finishing of the El Nino event in the central tropical Pacific.

关键词： heat Analysis of the air-sea heat exchange during the El Nino event in 1983 Nino El

A numerical study for some efficient time-integration schemes using barotropic equations

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 1989年第1期8卷 77-89页

作者： Han Wei and Zhang Yuling Department of geophysics, Peking University, Beijing, China dept. of geophysics Peking Univ. Beijing China. China

Three kinds of methods, i. e., explicit, semi-implicit, and semi-implicit and semi-Lagrangian method, are tested in the time-integration of shallow-water equations on rotating sphere. Helpful results are available fro... 详细信息

关键词： time A numerical study for some efficient time-integration schemes using barotropic equations

Postglacial sea-level changes and development stages of fluvial-estuarine system

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 1993年第4期12卷 573-584页

作者： Li Congxian Department of Marine Geology and geophysics, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China dept. of Marine Geology & geophysics Tongji Univ. Shanghai 200092 China

-On the basis of the data obtained from the investigations on some rivers in China and Australia, the author discusses the spatial and temporal changes of various portions of fluvial-estuarine system during postglacial sea-level rising in present coastal and deltaic areas. The evolution of a fluvial-estuarine system can be divided into four development stages: early transgression, late transgression, stationary and regression. Early transgression brought about filling-in of the paleo-valley formed in low stand of sea level. In response to late transgression the estuaries were created, during the stationary stage the big swamp was developed. The regression led to estuaries to be filled with sediments and then became deltas. At the same locality the fluvial-estuarine system changed with time. In the transgressive period the lower reach of a river changed into an estuary, and then became nearshore area. In the regressive period the nearshore area changed into an estuary , and then became delta.

关键词： Sea-level fluvial-estuarine system postglacial period paleo-valley paleo-interfluve retrogressive aggrada-tion