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Multistate transition and coupled solid-liquid modeling of motion process of long-runout landslide

Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical engineering 2024年第7期16卷 2694-2714页

作者： Yang Gao Yueping Yin Bin Li Han Zhang Weile Wu Haoyuan Gao Institute of Geomechanics Chinese Academy of Geological SciencesChina Geological SurveyBeijing100081China Key Laboratory of Active Tectonics and geological Safety Ministry of Natural ResourcesBeijing100081China China Institute of geological Environment Monitoring China Geological SurveyBeijing100081China School of geological engineering and Geomatics Chang’an UniversityXi’an710054China

The recognition,repetition and prediction of the post-failure motion process of long-runout landslides are key scientific problems in the prevention and mitigation of geological *** this study,a new numerical method involving LPF3D based on a multialgorithm and multiconstitutive model was proposed to simulate long-runout landslides with high precision and *** following results were obtained:(a)The motion process of landslides showed a steric effect with mobility,including gradual disintegration and *** sliding mass can be divided into three states(dense,dilute and ultradilute)in the motion process,which can be solved by three dynamic regimes(friction,collision,and inertial);(b)Coupling simulation between the solid grain and liquid phases was achieved,focusing on drag force influences;(c)Different algorithms and constitutive models were employed in phase-state *** volume fraction is an important indicator to distinguish different state types and solid‒liquid *** flume experimental results were favorably validated against long-runout landslide case data;and(d)In this method,matched dynamic numerical modeling was developed to better capture the realistic motion process of long-runout landslides,and the advantages of continuum media and discrete media were combined to improve the computational accuracy and *** new method can reflect the realistic physical and mechanical processes in long-runout landslide motion and provide a suitable method for risk assessment and pre-failure prediction.

关键词： Long-runout landslide Multistate transition Mixed solid‒liquid flow Post-failure process Numerical simulation

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Two stages power generation test of the hot dry rock exploration and production demonstration project in the Gonghe Basin,northeastern Qinghai-Tibet plateau,China

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China Geology 2024年第3期7卷 409-421页

作者： Er-yong Zhang Dong-guang Wen Gui-ling Wang Xian-peng Jin Lin-you Zhang Hai-dong Wu Wen-shi Wang Cheng-ming Ye Wei Weng Kuan Li Jin-sheng Wu Xian-chun Tang Chong-yuan Zhang Qing-da Feng Sheng Lian Li-sha Hu Gui-lin Zhu Xing-long Xie Bin Wu Dan Wang Xue Niu Zhao-xuan Niu Dong-lin Liu Hui Zhang Wen-hao Xu Shu-qing Yao Li Yang Center for Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology Survey China Geological SurveyMinistry of Natural ResourcesTianjin 300304China Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology Chinese Academy of Geological SciencesChina Geological SurveyShijiazhuang 050061China Institute of Exploration Techniques Chinese Academy of Geological SciencesChina Geological SurveyLangfang 065000China Institute of Exploration engineering China Geological SurveyMinistry of Natural ResourcesBeijing 100083China Institute of Exploration Technology Chinese Academy of Geological SciencesChengdu 611734China Chinese Academy of geological sciences China Geological SurveyBeijing 100037China Institute of Geomechanics Chinese Academy of Geological SciencesChina Geological SurveyBeijing 100081China Geoscience Documentation Center China Geological SurveyMinistry of Natural ResourcesBeijing 100083China

The Hot Dry Rock(HDR)is considered as a clean and renewable energy,poised to significantly contribute to the global energy decarbonization *** HDR projects worldwide have accumulated valuable experience in efficient drilling and completion,reservoir construction,and fracture *** 2019,China geological Survey(CGS)initiated a demonstration project of HDR exploration and production in the Gonghe Basin,aiming to overcome the setbacks faced by HDR *** the ensuing four years,the Gonghe HDR project achieved the first power generation in 2021,followed by the second power generation test in *** establishing the primary well group in the initial phase,two directional wells and one branch well were *** progress was made in successfully constructing the targeted reservoir,realizing inter-well connectivity,power generation and grid connection,implementing of the real-time micro-seismic monitoring.A closed-loop technical validation of the HDR exploration and production was ***,many technical challenges remain in the process of HDR industrialization,such as reservoir fracture network characterization,efficient drilling and completion,multiple fracturing treatment,continuous injection and production,as well as mitigation of induced seismicity and numerical simulation technology.

关键词： Power generation Hot dry rock(HDR) Enhanced geothermal system(EGS) Genesis mechanism Gonghe Basin Directional drilling Reservoir construction Circulation test Induced seismicity Clean energy exploration engineering

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Development of a DFN-based probabilistic block theory approach for bench face angle design in open pit mining

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical engineering 2024年第8期16卷 3047-3062页

作者： Jianhua Yan Xiansen Xing Zhihai Li Weida Ni Liuyuan Zhao Chun Zhu Yuanyuan He School of Earth sciences and engineering Hohai UniversityNanjing210098China POWERCHINA Huadong engineering Corporation Limited Hangzhou311122China Zhejiang Huadong Construction Corporation Limited Hangzhou310004China The Seventh geological Brigade of Hubei geological Bureau Yichang443000China

In open pit mining,uncontrolled block instabilities have serious social,economic and regulatory consequences,such as casualties,disruption of operation and increased regulation *** this reason,bench face angle,as one of the controlling parameters associated with block instabilities,should be carefully designed for sustainable *** study introduces a discrete fracture network(DFN)-based probabilistic block theory approach for the fast design of the bench face angle.A major advantage is the explicit incorporation of discontinuity size and spatial distribution in the procedure of key blocks *** proposed approach was applied to a granite mine in ***,DFN models were generated from a multi-step modeling procedure to simulate the complex structural characteristics of pit ***,a modified key blocks searching method was applied to the slope faces modeled,and a cumulative probability of failure was obtained for each ***,a bench face angle was determined commensurate with an acceptable risk level of *** simulation results have shown that the number of hazardous traces exposed on the slope face can be significantly reduced when the suggested bench face angle is adopted,indicating an extremely low risk of uncontrolled block instabilities.

关键词： Open pit mine Bench face angle Block theory Probabilistic approach Discrete fracture network modeling Fractured rock slope

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Late Mesoproterozoic to Early Neoproterozoic Tectonic Evolution of the SW Yangtze Block, South China: Evidence from U-Pb Geochronology and Lu-Hf Isotopes of Detrital Zircons from Sedimentary Rocks

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Journal of Earth Science 2024年第3期35卷 812-827页

作者： Peiwen Liu Xiaozhong Ding Yanxue Liu Jibiao Zhang Institute of Geology Chinese Academy of Geological SciencesBeijing 100037China School of Civil and Hydraulic engineering Xichang UniversityXichang 615000China

In situ zircon U-Pb geochronological and Lu-Hf isotope studies of detrital zircons from Late Mesoproterozoic to Early Neoproterozoic sedimentary units on the southwestern margin of the Yangtze Block have important implications for the tectonic evolution of the Yangtze *** Huili Group contains zircons whose ages are mainly Late Archean to Mesoproterozoic(2650-2450,2100-1800,and 1350-1150 Ma).The Dengxiangying Group has one major age population of 1900-1600 Ma,and two subordinate age populations of 1350-1100 and 2300-2000 *** Group sedimentary rocks have a zircon age population mainly in the range of 970-850 Ma,contemporaneous with the ages of widespread arc-related magmatism in the western Yangtze *** these results with previous work,the Huili and Dengxiangying groups were most likely deposited during ca.1160 to 1000 Ma in an intra-continental rift basin setting,while the Yanbian Group accumulated during>920 to 782 Ma in a back-arc basin setting at the southwestern margin of the Yangtze *** addition,all these results further suggest a tectonic transition from a continental rift basin to a convergent environment at the southwestern margin of the Yangtze Block at 1000-970 Ma.

关键词： Late Mesoproterozoic Early Neoproterozoic zircon U-Pb age Lu-Hf isotope southwestern Yangtze Block geochronology

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The role of surface processes and mantle plumes in the formation of microcontinents: insights from numerical modeling and the Seychelles microcontinent case study

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Journal of Earth Science 2024年

作者： Zhijie Jia Pietro Sternai Jianbing Peng School of geological engineering and Geomatics， Chang'an University Department of Earth and Environmental sciences， University of Milan-Bicocca chool of geological engineering and Geomatics， Chang'an University

Mantle plumes and surface erosion and sediment deposition affect the modes of continental lithospheric rupturing in extensional tectonic settings， modulating the evolution of rifting margins. However， their relative contributions to the overall evolution of rifting margins and possible roles in the formation of microcontinent are still elusive. Here， we use coupled geodynamic and surface processes numerical modeling to assess the extent to which surface processes may determine the formation of microcontinent during lithospheric stretching in presence or absence of a mantle plume underneath. Our modeling results indicate that fast extension rates and hillslope (i.e.， diffusion) erosion promote ridge jump events and therefore the formation of microcontinents. On the contrary， efficient fluvial erosion and far-reaching sediment transport (i.e.， stream power erosion) inhibits ridge jump events and the formation of microcontinents. The ridge jump event and overall evolution in our numerical models is consistent with the shift from the Mascarene Ridge to the Carlsberg Ridge that determined the formation of the Seychelles microcontinent. We therefore speculate that hillslope erosion， rather than fluvial erosion， was predominant during the formation of the Seychelles， a possible indication of overall dry local climate conditions.

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geological characteristics of unconventional tight oil reservoir (10^(9) t): A case study of Upper Cretaceous Qingshankou Formation, northern Songliao Basin, NE China

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China Geology 2024年第1期7卷 51-62页

作者： Li-zhi Shi Zhuo-zhuo Wang Zhan-tao Xing Shan Meng Shuai Guo Si-miao Wu Li-yan Luo Chinese Academy of geological sciences Beijing 100037China Beijing Institute of engineering Geology Beijing 100048China

The Daqing exploration area in the northern Songliao Basin has great potential for unconventional oil and gas resources,among which the total resources of tight oil alone exceed 109 t and is regarded as an important resource base of Daqing *** years of exploration in the Qijia area,Songliao Basin,NE China,tight oil has been found in the Upper Cretaceous Qingshankou *** work out tight oil’s geological characteristics,taking tight oil in Gaotaizi oil layers of the Upper Cretaceous Qingshankou Formation in northern Songliao Basin as an example,this paper systematically analyzed the geological characteristics of unconventional tight oil in Gao3 and Gao4 layers of the Qijia area,based on the data of the geological survey,well drilling journey,well logging,and *** is that three sets of hydrocarbon source rocks(K2qn1,K2qn2+3,and K2n1)develop in the examined area,and exhibit excellent type I and II kerogens,high organic matter abundance,and moderate *** reservoir is generally composed of thin-bedded mudstone,siltstone,and sandstone,and presents poor porosity(average 8.5 vol.%)and air permeability(average 4 mD).The main reservoir space primarily includes intergranular pores,secondary soluble pores,and intergranular soluble *** types of orifice throats were identified,namely fine throat,extra-fine throat,and micro-fine *** siltstone is generally oil-bearing,the reservoirs with slime and calcium become worse oil-bearing,and the mudstone has no obvious oil-bearing *** brittleness indices of the sandstone in the tight oil reservoir range from 40%to 60%,and those of the mudstone range from 40%to 45%,indicating a better brittleness of the tight oil *** on the study of typical core hole data,this paper gives a comprehensive evaluation of the properties of the tight oil and establishes a tight oil single well composite bar chart as well as the initial evaluation system with the core of properties in the tigh

关键词： Unconventional oil and gas Tight oil Thin-bedded mudstone-siltstone-sandstone reservoir Qijia area Qingshankou Formation Oil and gas exploration engineering Songliao Basin Daqing oilfield

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Dynamic response mechanism and precursor characteristics of gneiss rockburst under different initial burial depths

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Journal of Mountain Science 2024年第3期21卷 1004-1018页

作者： LIU Dongqiao SUN Jie MENG Wen HE Manchao ZHANG Chongyuan LI Ran CAO Binghao State Key Laboratory for Tunnel engineering China University of Mining and TechnologyBeijing 100083China Key Laboratory of Active Tectonics and geological Safety Ministry of Natural ResourcesInstitute of GeomechanicsChinese Academy of Geological SciencesBeijing 100081China School of Mechanics and Civil engineering China University of Mining and TechnologyBeijing 100083China

To investigate the influence mechanism of geostress on rockburst characteristics,three groups of gneiss rockburst experiments were conducted under different initial geostress conditions.A high-speed photography system and acoustic emission(AE)monitoring system were used to monitor the entire rockburst process in real *** experimental results show that when the initial burial depth increases from 928 m to 1320 m,the proportion of large fracture scale in rockburst increases by 154.54%,and the AE energy increases by 565.63%,reflecting that the degree and severity of rockburst increase with the increase of burial *** then,two mechanisms are proposed to explain this effect,including(i)the increase of initial geostress improves the energy storage capacity of gneiss,and then,the excess energy which can be converted into kinetic energy of debris ejection increases,consequently,a more pronounced violent ejection phenomenon is observed at rockburst;(ii)the increase of initial geostress causes more sufficient plate cracks of gneiss after unloading ofσh,which provides a basis for more severe ejection of ***’s more,a precursor with clear physical meaning for rockburst is proposed under the framework of dynamic response process of crack ***,potential value in long term rockburst warning of the precursor obtained in this study is shown via the comparison of conventional precursor.

关键词： Traffic engineering Gneiss Rockburst Crack propagation Excess energy Precursor characteristic

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Experimental study on the effect of unloading rate on gneiss rockburst

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical engineering 2024年第6期16卷 2064-2076页

作者： Dongqiao Liu Jie Sun Ran Li Manchao He Binghao Cao Chongyuan Zhang Wen Meng State Key Laboratory for Tunnel engineering China University of Mining and TechnologyBeijing100083China Key Laboratory of Active Tectonics and geological Safety Ministry of Natural ResourcesInstitute of GeomechanicsChinese Academy of Geological SciencesBeijing100081China School of Mechanics and Civil engineering China University of Mining and TechnologyBeijing100083China

Rockburst are often encountered in tunnel construction due to the complex geological *** study the influence of unloading rate on rockburst,gneiss rockburst experiments were conducted under three groups of unloading rates.A high-speed photography system and acoustic emission(AE)system were used to monitor the entire process of rockburst process in *** results show that the intensity of gneiss rockburst decreases with decrease of unloading rate,which is manifested as the reduction of AE energy and fragments ejection *** mechanisms are proposed to explain this effect:(i)The reduction of unloading rate changes the crack propagation mechanism in the process of *** makes the rockbursts change from the tensile failure mechanism at high unloading rate to the tension-shear mixed failure mechanism at low unloading rate,and more energy released in the form of shear crack ***,less strain energy is converted into kinetic energy of fragments ejection.(ii)Less plate cracking degree of gneiss has taken shape due to decrease of unloading rate,resulting in the destruction of rockburst incubation *** enlightenments of reducing the unloading rate for the project are also described *** rockburst magnitude is reduced from the medium magnitude at the unloading rate of 0.1 MPa/s to the slight magnitude at the unloading rate of 0.025 MPa/s,which was judged by the ejection velocity.

关键词： Rockburst Unloading rate Crack propagation Influence mechanisms

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Dynamic Characteristics of the Long Runout Rock-ice Avalanche at High Altitude——A Case from the Zelongnong Basin, Eastern Himalayan Syntaxis, China

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2024年第5期 1376-1393页

作者： GAO Shaohua YIN Yueping LI Bin GAO Yang ZHANG Nan ZHANG Tiantian GAO Haoyuan LIU Xiaojie Institute of Geomechanics Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences China Institute of geological Environment Monitoring Key Laboratory of Active Tectonics and geological Safety Ministry of Natural Resources School of Civil engineering Lanzhou University of Technology

Rock-ice avalanches have frequently occurred in the Eastern Himalayan Syntaxis region due to climate change and active tectonic movements. These events commonly trigger catastrophic geohazard chains, including debris flows, river blockages, and floods. This study focuses on the Zelongnong Basin, analyzing the geomorphic and dynamic characteristics of high-altitude disasters. The basin exhibits typical vertical zonation, with disaster sources initiating at elevations exceeding 4000 m and runout distances reaching up to 10 km. The disaster chain movement involves complex dynamic effects, including impact disintegration, soil-rock mixture arching, dynamic erosion, and debris deposition, enhancing understanding of the flow behavior and dynamic characteristics of rock-ice avalanches. The presence of ice significantly increases mobility due to lubrication and frictional melting. In the disaster event of September 10, 2020, the maximum flow velocity and thickness reached 40 m/s and 43 m, respectively. Furthermore, continuous deformation of the Zelongnong glacier moraine was observed, with maximum cumulative deformations of 44.68 m in the distance direction and 25.96 m in the azimuth direction from March 25, 2022, to August 25, 2022. In the future, the risk of rock-ice avalanches in the Eastern Himalayan Syntaxis region will remain extremely high, necessitating a focus on early warning and risk mitigation strategies for such basin disasters.

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Planning and construction of Xiong’an New Area(city of over 5 million people):Contributions of China’s geologists and urban geology

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China Geology 2024年第3期7卷 382-408页

作者： Bo Han Zhen Ma Liang-jun Lin Hong-wei Liu Yi-hang Gao Yu-bo Xia Hai-tao Li Xu Guo Feng Ma Yu-shan Wang Ya-long Zhou Hong-qiang Li Tianjin Center China Geological Survey(North China Center of Geoscience Innovation)Ministry of Natural ResourcesTianjin 300170China Xiong’an Urban geological Research Center China Geological SurveyMinistry of Natural ResourcesTianjin 300170China Tianjin Key Laboratory of Coast geological Processes and Environmental Safety Tianjin 300170China China Institute of Geo-Environment Monitoring Beijing 100081China Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology Chinese Academy of Geological SciencesShijiazhuang 050061China Center for Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology China Geological SurveyMinistry of Natural ResourcesBaoding 071051China Institute of Geophysical&Geochemical Exploration Chinese Academy of Geological SciencesLangfang 065000China Chinese Academy of geological sciences Beijing 10037China

China established Xiong’an New Area in Hebei Province in 2017,which is planned to accommodate about 5 million people,aiming to relieve Beijing City of the functions non-essential to its role as China’s capital and to expedite the coordinated development of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei *** 2017 to 2021,the China geological Survey(CGS)took the lead in multi-factor urban geological surveys involving space,resources,environments,and disasters according to the general requirements of“global vision,international standards,distinctive Chinese features,and future-oriented goals”in Xiong’an New Area,identifying the engineering geologic conditions and geologic environmental challenges of this *** achievements also include a 3D engineering geological structure model for the whole area,along with“one city proper and five clusters”,insights into the ecology and the background endowment of natural resources like land,geothermal resources,groundwater,and wetland of the area before engineering construction,a comprehensive monitoring network of resources and environments in the area,and the“Transparent Xiong’an”geological information platform that is open,shared,dynamically updated,and three-dimensionally ***’s geologists and urban geology have played a significant role in the urban planning and construction of Xiong’an New Area,providing whole-process geological solutions for urban planning,construction,operation and *** future urban construction of Xiong’an New Area will necessitate the theoretical and technical support of earth system science(ESS)from various aspects,and the purpose is to enhance the resilience of the new type of city and to provide support for the green,low-carbon,and sustainable development of this area.

关键词： Low Carbon New City Planning and construction Land Geothermal resources Groundwater Wetland Underground space Geologic disasters Site stability Natural resource Ecosystem geological safety Transparent Xiong’an Resilient city Xiong’an New Area

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