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How much has the Sun influenced Northern Hemisphere temperature trends?An ongoing debate

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2021年第6期21卷 131-198页

作者： Ronan Connolly Willie Soon Michael Connolly Sallie Baliunas Johan Berglund C.John Butler Rodolfo Gustavo Cionco Ana G.Elias Valery M.Fedorov Hermann Harde Gregory W.Henry Douglas V.Hoyt Ole Humlum David R.Legates Sebastian Liming Nicola Scafetta Jan-Erik Solheim Laszlo Szarka Harry van Loon Victor M.Velasco Herrera Richard C.Willson Hong Yan Weijia Zhang Center for Environmental Research and Earth Science(CERES) SalemMA 01970USA Independent scientists DublinIreland Retired formerly Harvard-Smithsonian Center for AstrophysicsCambridgeMA 02138USA Independent researcher MalmoSweden Retired formerly Armagh ObservatoryCollege HillArmagh BT619DGNorthern IrelandUK Comision de Investigaciones Cientlficas de la Provincia de Buenos Aires Argentina Grupo de Estudios Ambientales Universidad Tecnologica NationalColpn 332San Nicolas(2900)Buenos AiresArgentina Laboratorio de Fisica de la Atmosfera Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y TecnologlaUniversidad National de TucumanAv.Independencia 18004000 TucumanArgentina Instituto de Fisica del Noroeste Argentino(Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientficas y Tecnicas-Universidad Nacional de Tucuman) 4000 TucumanArgentina Faculty of geography LomonosovMoscow State UniversityLeninskie Gory St.1Moscow 119991Russia Helmut-Schmidt-University HamburgGermany Center of Excellence in Information Systems Tennessee State UniversityNashvilleTN 37209 USA Independent scientist Berkeley SpringsWVUSA Emeritus Professor in Physical geography Department of GeosciencesUniversity of OsloNorway College of Earth Oceanand the EnvironmentUniversity of DelawareNewark DE 19716-2541USA Institute for Hydrography Geoecology and Climate SciencesHauptstra/3e 476315 AgeriSwitzerland Department of Earth Sciences Environment and GeoresourcesUniversity of Naples Federico nComplesso Universitario di Monte S.Angelovia Cinthia2180126 NaplesItaly Retired formerly Department of Physics and TechnologyUiT The Arctic University of Norway9037 TromspNorway ELKH Institute of Earth Physics and Space Science 9400 SopronCsatkai utca 6-8Hungary Retired formerly National Center for Atmospheric ResearchBoulderColoradoUSA Instituto de Geofisica Universidad Nacional Autonoma de MexicoCiudad UniversitariaCoyoacan04510Mexico D.F.Mexico Active Cavity Radiometer Irradiance Monitor(ACRIM) CoronadoCA 92118USA State Key Laboratory of Loe

In order to evaluate how much Total Solar Irradiance(TSI)has influenced Northern Hemisphere surface air temperature trends,it is important to have reliable estimates of both *** different estimates of the changes in TSI since at least the 19th century were compiled from the *** of these estimates are"low variability"and half are"high variability".Meanwhile,five largely-independent methods for estimating Northern Hemisphere temperature trends were evaluated using:1)only rural weather stations;2)all available stations whether urban or rural(the standard approach);3)only sea surface temperatures;4)tree-ring widths as temperature proxies;5)glacier length records as temperature *** standard estimates which use urban as well as rural stations were somewhat anomalous as they implied a much greater warming in recent decades than the other estimates,suggesting that urbanization bias might still be a problem in current global temperature datasets-despite the conclusions of some earlier ***,all five estimates confirm that it is currently warmer than the late 19th century,i.e.,there has been some"global warming"since the 19th *** each of the five estimates of Northern Hemisphere temperatures,the contribution from direct solar forcing for all sixteen estimates of TSI was evaluated using simple linear least-squares *** role of human activity on recent warming was then calculated by fitting the residuals to the UN IPCC’s recommended"anthropogenic forcings"time *** all five Northern Hemisphere temperature series,different TSI estimates suggest everything from no role for the Sun in recent decades(implying that recent global warming is mostly human-caused)to most of the recent global warming being due to changes in solar activity(that is,that recent global warming is mostly natural).It appears that previous studies(including the most recent IPCC reports)which had prematurely concluded the former,had done so be

关键词： Sun:activity (Sun:)solar terrestrial relations (Sun:)sunspots Sun:faculae,plages

Impact of Anthropogenic Factor on Karst Landscape (Zemo Imereti Structural Plateau Case Study), Georgia, Caucasus

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Open Journal of Geology 2020年第7期10卷 771-783页

作者： Zaza Lezhava Kukuri Tsikarishvili Lasha Asanidze Nino Chikhradze Guranda Avkopashvili Tamari Tolordava Vakhushti Bagrationi Institute of geography Iv. Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University Tbilisi Georgia School of Natural Sciences and Medicine Ilia State University Tbilisi Georgia Elevter Andronikashvili Institute of Physics Iv. Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University Tbilisi Georgia

The Zemo Imereti (Chiatura) Structural Plateau covers the easternmost part of the western Georgia limestone belt and is the only region of the platform karst in the entire Caucasus. Zemo Imereti Plateau’s complex structural studies revealed that the karst landscape has been completely transformed due to human strong economic activities, mainly related to the manganese unplanned, predatory extraction. The ore mining process completely destroyed the soil and vegetation cover thus creating “anthropo-badlands”. Due to manganese open-cast mining, the layers located over limestones are almost totally removed and heavy rains stipulate intense washout of substances from loose rocks. Intense washout of manganese extracted from mines and high contamination of river water streams take place directly in the river beds. Karst sinkholes and wells are common in the plateau, which are often used as waste fills-storages by the local population. Contaminated underground karst waters flowing into the above mentioned landforms are directly related to the karst springs used by the population and occasionally cause their turbidity and contamination, which is also confirmed by our indicator tests. As a laboratory study of the samples showed, mineralization of underground karst waters in the study area is 1.5 - 3 times higher than similar values in neighboring karst areas, which should be explained by the widespread of manganese open pits in the feeding basins of underground karst waters. According to the materials obtained from our surveys and calculations carried out, karst (chemical) denudation (surface 64.2 - 190.6 m3/km2/year, underground 1.5 - 117.0 m3/km2/year) has been increased in the study area than in other karst regions of Georgia, which is also related to technologic factors.

关键词： Karst Anthropogenic Factor geoecology Georgia

Study on sea water intrusion into palaeochannels on south coastal plain of the Laizhou Bay by the Bohai Sea

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2003年第1期22卷 69-74页

作者： Han Mei geography Department, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China Shandong Normal Univ Dept Geog Jinan 250014 Peoples R China

The palaeochannel evolution in the study region is divided into four stages by such methods as 14C dating. Sea water intrusion through palaeochannels has been studied as a focal point. Palaeochannels are the main passageways through which the sea water intrudes at a higher speed, through many means and in a changeable dynamic state.

关键词： Palaeochannel sea water intrusion south coastal plain of Laizhou Bay

Nodes and Field of Tourist Origins to Ancient Village——A Case Study of Huangcheng Village in Shanxi Province of China

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Chinese Geographical Science 2007年第3期17卷 280-287页

作者： Zhong Jing Zhang Jie Li Donghe Zhao Yong Lu Song Shi Chunyun Nanjing Univ Dept Land Resources & Tourism Sci Nanjing 210093 Peoples R China Anhui Univ Dept Tourism Management Hefei 230039 Peoples R China Anhui Normal Univ Coll Territorial Resource & Tourism Wuhu 241000 Peoples R China

Based on Hagget's theory of spatial structure,researches on the nodes and field of tourist origins to Huang-cheng Village in Shanxi Province of China have been *** hierarchy structure of tourist origins is analyzed with cluster analysis and the gravity *** field of tourist origins is analyzed with attraction radius index(R)and geography concentration index(G).In the field analysis,R and G of Huangcheng Village are compared with Xidi Village that is a world heritage located in Huangshan City of Anhui Province in *** to comparison of loca-tions of two areas,influential factors for field area of Huangcheng Village are *** is concluded that:1)cluster analysis and gravity model can be complementary methods to each other for nodal hierarchy structure analysis of tour-ist origins;and 2)as far as location is concerned,the weak intensity effect of tourism resources in the tourist region is a major cause for explaining why tourist origins to Huangcheng Village are mainly its neighboring ***,it is suggested that the regional effect of tourist resources should be regarded as a component of destination attractiveness when applying gravity model.

关键词： ancient village tourist origin Huangcheng Village nodal hierarchy structure field

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深圳市建成区森林碳分布估测方法比较研究

中南林业科技大学学报 2014年第11期34卷 140-144页

作者：谭一凡郄广平王敏姿王广兴彭友贵罗朝沁孙华林辉仙湖植物园广东深圳518000 dept. of geography and Environmental Resources Southern Illinois University Carbondale IL USA 华南农业大学林学院广东广州中南林业科技大学林业遥感与信息工程研究中心湖南长沙410004

城市森林是森林生态系统的重要组成部分,在改善城市生态环境方面发挥着重要作用。研究城市森林碳分布对于陆地生态系统碳循环的模拟和城市的生态建设规划具有重要意义。以深圳市建成区森林为研究对象,分别采用逐步回归、协同克里格和K... 详细信息

城市森林是森林生态系统的重要组成部分,在改善城市生态环境方面发挥着重要作用。研究城市森林碳分布对于陆地生态系统碳循环的模拟和城市的生态建设规划具有重要意义。以深圳市建成区森林为研究对象,分别采用逐步回归、协同克里格和K个最靠近邻居(KNN)3种方法对深圳市的森林碳分布进行模拟。结果表明:3种方法估测结果各有其优缺点。逐步回归和KNN法能够较准确地反映森林碳分布的信息(如行道树、公园等),但逐步回归的预测结果偏小,KNN法的预测结果偏大。协同克里格法则可以较准确的反映建成区森林碳分布并能导出总体估测值,但对森林碳空间分布的细节反映不如逐步回归和KNN。

关键词：城市森林城市森林碳分布估测方法深圳

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龙门山北段平通河流域地貌演化过程

山地学报 2012年第2期30卷 136-146页

作者：颜照坤李勇黄润秋李奋生闫亮赵国华张自力张威 Densmore A L Hilton R G 油气藏地质及开发工程国家重点实验室(成都理工大学) 地质灾害防治与地质环境保护国家重点实验室(成都理工大学) Inst.of Hazard and Risk Research and dept.of geography Durham Univ.Durham DH1 3LEUK

龙门山位于青藏高原东缘,是青藏高原周缘山脉中陡度变化最大的山脉,也是全球气候和构造活动最为强烈的地区之一,因此成为研究构造、气候如何影响山脉地貌演化过程这一科学问题的良好素材。在位于龙门山北段的平通河流域,汶川地震导致该... 详细信息

龙门山位于青藏高原东缘,是青藏高原周缘山脉中陡度变化最大的山脉,也是全球气候和构造活动最为强烈的地区之一,因此成为研究构造、气候如何影响山脉地貌演化过程这一科学问题的良好素材。在位于龙门山北段的平通河流域,汶川地震导致该区强烈的隆升、剥蚀作用,对研究该区地貌演化过程具有重要的启示意义。通过对平通河流域基于DEM数据的地形坡度、水系分布、河流发育程度等的分析,并综合研究区构造特征和岩性特征,获得该流域不同区域的地貌演化方向,其中两个区域的地貌演化最为剧烈:1.平通河流域位于北川-映秀断裂和彭灌断裂之间的地区,未来将发生较快的隆升,地貌向高、陡的方向演化,河流下切作用使河谷两岸形成更加陡峭的地形;2.在北川-映秀断裂上盘附近地区,在构造和气候作用下侵蚀、搬运作用强烈,山体将被快速剥蚀削低,但在河谷两岸也会形成更加陡峭的地形。

关键词：龙门山平通河流域地貌演化构造气候

Geomorphic impacts of timber harvesting

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2001年第S1期46卷 1-4页

作者： Olav SlaymakerDepartment of geography, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B. C. V6T 1Z2, Canada (e-mail: olav@geog.ubc.ca) Univ British Columbia Dept Geog Vancouver BC V6T 1Z2 Canada

Timber harvesting influences (a) forest hydrology; (b) fluvial geomorphology; (c) terrain stability; and (d) integrated watershed behavior. Impacts on forest hydrology are well understood and include increased average runoff, total water yield, increased storm runoff and advances in timing of floods. Stream channels and valley floors are impacted differently by fine sediment, coarse sediment and large woody debris transport. Terrain stability is influenced through gully and mass movement processes that are accelerated by timber harvesting. Impacts on integrated watershed behavior are assessed through disturbed sediment budgets and lake sediments.

关键词： timber harvesting forest hydrology stream channel hillslope stability.

Advances and Practices on the Research, Prevention and Control of Land Subsidence in Coastal Cities

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2020年第1期94卷 162-175页

作者： YAN Xuexin YANG Tianliang XU Yan Luigi TOSI Esther STOUTHAMER Heri ANDREAS Philip MINDERHOUD Anirut LADAWADEE Ramon HANSSEN Gilles ERKENS Pietro TEATINI LIN Jinxin Roberta BONì Jarinya CHIMPALEE HUANG Xinlei Cristina Da LIO Claudia MEISINA Francesco ZUCCA Key Laboratory of Land Subsidence Monitoring and Prevention Ministry of Nature Resources of ChinaShanghai 200072China Shanghai Institute of Geological Survey Shanghai 200072China Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Land Subsidence Shanghai 200072China Center for Land Subsidence of China Geological Survey Shanghai 200072China Institute of Geosciences and Earth Resources National Research CouncilVia G.Gradenigo 6Padova 35131Italy Land Subsidence International Initiative(LASII) UNESCOParisFrance Department of Physical geography Faculty of GeosciencesUtrecht UniversityPrincetonlaan 8A3584 CSUtrechtThe Netherlands Geodesy Research Division Institute of Technology BandungBandung 40132Indonesia Deltares Research Institute Daltonlaan 6003584 BK UtrechtThe Netherlands Department of Groundwater Resources Ministry of Natural Resources and EnvironmentLatyaoChatuchak Bangkok 10900Thailand Delft University of Technology Faculty of Civil Engineering and GeosciencesStevinweg 12628 CNDelftThe Netherlands Department of Civil Environmental and Architectural EngineeringUniversity of PadovaVia Marzolo 9Padova 35131Italy Earth&Environmental Sciences dept.University of Pavia Pavia 27100Italy Institute of Marine Sciences National Research CouncilArsenale Tesa104-Castello 2737/FVenice 30122Italy

Land subsidence severely threatens most of the coastal plains around the world where high productive industrial and agricultural activities and urban centers are concentrated. Coastal subsidence damages infrastructures and exacerbates the effect of the sea-level rise at regional scale. Although it is a well-known process, there is still much more to be improved on the monitoring, mapping and modeling of ground movements, as well as the understanding of controlling mechanisms. The International Geoscience Programme recently approved an international project(IGCP 663) aiming to bring together worldwide researchers to share expertise on subsidence processes typically occurring in coastal areas and cities, including basic research, monitoring and observation, modelling and management. In this paper, we provide the research communities and potential stakeholders with the basic information to join the participating teams in developing this project. Specifically, major advances on coastal subsidence studies and information on well-known and new case studies of land subsidence in China, Italy, The Netherlands, Indonesia, Vietnam and Thailand are highlighted and summarized. Meanwhile, the networking, dissemination, annual meeting and field trip are briefly introduced.

关键词： land subsidence coastal cities case studies International Geoscience Programme

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自然保护区、恢复力和动态景观

AMBIO－人类环境杂志 2003年第6期32卷 389-396页

作者： Janne Bengtsson Per Angelstam Thomas Elmqvist Urban Emanuelsson Carl Folke Margareta Ihse Fredrik Moberg Magnus Nystrm 王胜 dept.Ecology and Crop Production science SLUBox 7043SE_750 07 UppsalaSweden Beijer International Institute for Ecologlcal EconomicsRoyal Swedish Academy of SciencesBox 50005SE-104 05 StockholmSweden Grimso Research Station Dept.Conservation BiologySLUSE-730 91 RiddarhyttanSweden Swedish Biodiversity Centre Box 7007SE-750 07 UppsalaSweden Natural Resources ManagementDept Systems EcologyStockholm UniversitySE-106 91 StockholmSweden. Swedish Biodiversity Centre Box 7007SE-750 07 UppsalaSweden. Natural Resources Management Dept.Systems EcologyStockholm UniversitySE-106 91 Stockholm Sweden Beijer International Institute for Ecological EconomicsRoyal dept.physical geography Unit for Ecological GeographyStockholm UniversitySE-106 91 StockholmSweden Natural Resources Management Dept.Systems EcologyStockholm UniversitySE-106 91 StockholmSweden Beijer International Institute for Ecological Economics Royal Sedish Academy of SciencesBox 50005SE-104 05 StockholmSweden

在这个日益被人类活动所改变的世界里,保护生物多样性对于维持有恢复力的生态系统和确保生态系统产品的可持续流动以及对社会的服务是至关重要的。但是,现有的自然保护区和国家公园不大可能结合生态系统的长期和大尺度的动态。因此,保... 详细信息

在这个日益被人类活动所改变的世界里,保护生物多样性对于维持有恢复力的生态系统和确保生态系统产品的可持续流动以及对社会的服务是至关重要的。但是,现有的自然保护区和国家公园不大可能结合生态系统的长期和大尺度的动态。因此,保护策略必须包括大面积的人类利用经营的土地。为了能使生态系统在大规模的自然和人为干扰之后得以重组,以生态存储形式出现的空间恢复力是必备的前提。生态存储包括那些能使生态系统得以重组的物种、相互作用和结构,它的组成部分可能出现在干扰斑块中,也可能出现在周围的景观中。现有的静态自然保护区应该由动态自然保护区加以补充,例如生态休闲地和动态演替保护区,这些都是在景观尺度上模拟自然干扰状况,进行生态系统经营的组成部分。

关键词：自然保护区经营禁伐禁猎区地区国家公园保护生物多样性物种演替森林生态系统恢复力干扰区