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Commuters＇ and Localists＇ Styles of Socio-Spatial Segregation in Three Types of Arab Communities in Israel

Journal of Earth Science and Engineering 2014年第11期4卷 651-666页

作者： Schnell Izhak Shdema Ilan dept. of geography and Human Environment Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv 66978 Israel

This article examines integration vs. segregation of Arabs in Israel＇s social sphere. Most geo-spatial studies regarding inter-ethnic relations are single dimensional, focusing on residential segregation assuming its association to the social domain. We argue that in the globalizing world daily activity spaces, social networks and influences on everyday life conditions are rooted in growing horizons around residential location weakening the power of residential location to dictate life conditions. Hence we suggest employing a multi-dimensional approach. Specifically, we explore the associations among residential spaces （relating to Arab residents of： purely Arab localities; mixed-Jewish-Arab cities, and Jewish cities）; main activity spaces （commuters to Jewish areas and localists--people staying mostly in the Arab localities） and social integration （social networks; repertoire of identities; attitudes toward integration and knowledge of Hebrew）. The data incorporate tracking the movements of 177 responders for a week （using a GPS logger） and in-depth interviews, which were analyzed quantitatively. Core findings suggest that both residential place and activity spaces affect social integration, however, the locality type has a greater affect. In addition, we identified four integration sorts according to kinds of municipality, activity spaces, and integration measures：（1） segregated localists living in Arab municipalities; （2） commuters living in Arab localities characterized by limited integration; （3） Arabs residing in Jewish cities that succeeded economically but are characterized by limited social integration, and （4） those living in mixed cities which enjoy the highest, yet limited integration level.

关键词： Ethnic relations integration vs. segregation municipalities Jews Arabs

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A general model for estimating actual evaporation from non-saturated surfaces

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2002年第4期12卷 479-484页

作者： QIU Xinfa1,2, ZENG Yan3, LIU Changming3(1. dept. of Urban && Resource Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China 2. dept. of geography, Nanjing Institute of Meteorology, Nanjing 210044, China 3. Inst. of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources dept. of Urban & Resource Science Nanjing University Nanjing China dept. of geography Nanjing Institute of Meteorology Nanjing China Inst. of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research CAS Beijing China

Based on energy balance equation and mass transfer equation, a general model to estimate actual evaporation from non-saturated surfaces was derived. Making use of two concepts, “relative evaporation” and “relative drying power”, a relationship was established to account for the departure from saturated conditions. Using this model, the actual evaporation (evapotranspiration) can be calculated without the need of potential evaporation estimation. Furthermore, the model requires only a few meteorological parameters that are readily and routinely obtainable at standard weather stations. Based on nearly 30 years data of 432 meteorological stations and 512 hydrological stations in China, in combined with GIS, nine typical river basins were selected. Using the data of the selected river basins, the model was tested. The results show that the actual evaporation rate can be estimated with an error of less than 10% in most areas of China, except few years in the Yellow River Basin.

关键词： potential evaporation actual evaporation

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Statistical functions used for spatial modelling due to assessment of landslide distribution and landscape-interaction factors in Iran

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Geoscience Frontiers 2020年第4期11卷 1257-1269页

作者： Hamid Reza Pourghasemi Narges Kariminejad Amiya Gayen Marko Komac Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Engineering College of AgricultureShiraz UniversityShirazIran Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources Dept.of Watershed&Arid Zone ManagementGorganIran Department of geography University of CalcuttaKolkataIndia Faculty of Civil and Geodetic Engineering University of LjubljanaSlovenia

Landslides influence the capacity for safe and sustainable development of mountainous *** study explores the spatial distribution of and the interactions between landslides that are mapped using global positioning system(GPS) and extensive field surveys in Mazandaran Province,***-pattern assessment is undertaken using several univariate summary statistical functions,including pair correlation,spherical-contact distribution,nearest-neighbor analysis,and O-ring analysis,as well as bivariate summary statistics,and a markcorrelation *** maximum entropy method was applied to prioritize the factors controlling the incidence of landslides and the landslides susceptibility *** validation processes were considered for separated 30%data applying the ROC curves,fourfold plot,and Cohen’s kappa *** results show that pair correlation and O-ring analyses satisfactorily predicted landslides at scales from 1 to 150 *** smaller scales,from 150 to 400 m,landslides were randomly *** nearest-neighbor distribution function show that the highest distance to the nearest landslide occurred in the 355 *** spherical-contact distribution revealed that the patterns were random up to a spatial scale of 80 *** bivariate correlation functions revealed that landslides were positively linked to several linear features(including faults,roads,and rivers) at all spatial *** mark-correlation function showed that aggregated fields of landslides were positively correlated with measures of land use,lithology,drainage density,plan curvature,and aspect,when the numbers of landslides in the groups were greater than the overall average *** results of analysis of factor importance have showed that elevation(topography map scale:1:25,000),distance to roads,and distance to rivers are the most important factors in the occurrence of *** susceptibility model of landslides indicates an excellent accuracy,i.e.,the AUC value of lands

关键词： Landslide Spatial point pattern Summary statistic GIS Iran

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ESTIMATION OF SOIL EROSION IN A RESERVOIR WATERSHED USING 137CS FALLOUT RADIONUCLIDE

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International Journal of Sediment Research 2007年第4期22卷 304-317页

作者： Y. J. CHIU A. M. BORGHUIS H. Y. LEE dept. of Civil Engineering National Taiwan Univ. Taipei Taiwan China 2. Utrecht Univ. Department of Physical Geography Heidelberglaan 2 3584 CS Utrecht The Netherlands 3. Dept. of Civil Engineering and Hydraulic Research Laboratory National Taiwan Univ. Taipei Taiwan China

Sedimentation from soil erosion is a critical reservoir watershed management issue. Due to the difficulty of field investigations, empirical formulas are commonly used to estimate the soil erosion rate. However, these estimations are often far from accurate. An effective alternative to estimating soil erosion is to analyze the spatial variation of 137Cs inventory in the soil. 137Cs can be adsorbed by the soil and is widely assumed to change its distribution only when disturbed by rainfall and human activities. Thus, 137Cs distributed in soils can be a useful environmental tracer to estimate soil erosion. In this study, the net soil loss estimate is 108,346 t/yr and the gross erosion and net erosion rates are 10.1 and 9 t/ha yr respectively. The sediment delivery ratio is therefore estimated to be 0.9 based on the two erosion rates. Because of the steep hillsides in the watershed, only 10% of the sediment yield stayed in the deposition sites and 90% was transported to the river as the sediment output. Soil erosion estimates from spatial variations of the 137Cs activity in the Baishi river watershed showed satisfactory accuracy when compared to sediment yield data. Using soil 137Cs concentrations is therefore a feasible method for estimating soil loss or deposition in Taiwan. Data sampling, analysis and result of this approach are given in this paper.

关键词： Soil erosion Radionuclide 137Cs Baishi watershed Spatial distribution Sediment yield

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Fusion ofWi-Fi and WSN using Enhanced-SIR Particle Filter for Hybrid Location Estimation

Fusion ofWi-Fi and WSN using Enhanced-SIR Particle Filter fo...

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第四届中国卫星导航学术年会

作者： Dongjin Wu Linyuan Xia Jing Cheng dept. of GIS Geography and Planning School SunYat-Sen University Guangdong Key Laboratory for Urbanization and Geo-simulation Geography and Planning School Sun Yat-sen University

It is extremely important forpedestrian navigation and location-based services （LBS） that users ofportable devices can quickly andaccurately locate themselves wherever they might be. In this paper, we propose a novel hybridapproach for indoor and outdoor localization in urban area based on Enhanced Sequential Importance Resampling （Enhanced-SIR） Particle Filter （PF）.The approach implements by gathering and processing signal strength information from Wi-Fi and other signals of opportunity, such as wireless sensor network （WSN）.It combines WSN （2.4GHz Zigbee） with Wi-Fi for hybrid location estimation, in which, Wi-Fi signal is used for the entire area, and WSN signal serves as the enhanced signal to assist the resampling of particles. The method of Enhanced SIR can not only solve the problem of degeneracy, but also improve the sampling accuracy of particles. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed hybrid approach can provide more accurate location estimatesinindoor and outdoor areas, and costs equivalent runtime, compared to conventional SIR PF.

关键词： Wi-Fi Wireless sensor network Hybrid location estimation Enhanced-SIR Particle Filter

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Heavy metals and phosphorus in tidal flat sediments of the Yangtze estuary

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2002年第4期12卷 472-478页

作者： GAO Xiaojiang1, CHEN Zhenlou2, ZHANG Nianli1, XU Shiyuan2, CHEN Limin1(1. dept. of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China 2. Department of geography, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China) Fudan University Dept. of Environmental Science and Engineering Shanghai China (GRID:grid.8547.e) (ISNI:***) East China Normal University Department of Geography Shanghai China (GRID:grid.22069.3f) (ISNI:***)

Concentrations of heavy metals (Cu, Pb, Zn, Cr and Cd), and phosphorous (P) were determined in surface tidal flat sediments of the Yangtze estuary and Shanghai coast. Results demonstrate that there were significant differences among the accumulation of the heavy metals in sediments, following the order: Zn > Cu > Cr > Pb > Cd. The spatial distribution and chemical forms of heavy metals in tidal flat sediments were closely related to the distribution of pollution resources (outlet of sewage) and the local sedimentary and hydrodynamic conditions. The dominated form of non-residual heavy metals is bound to Fe/Mn oxides, and the next form is bound to carbonates. Moreover, contents of total P in sediments range from 18.0 μmol.g?1 to 31.4 μmol.g?1 along the coastline, speciation of P in sediments was different, most of P in tidal flat sediments is associated with calcium phases (as Ca-P) similar to marine sediments.

关键词： heavy metals phosphorus tidal flat sediments Yangtze estuary

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Sedimentary cycles of trace elements in Salawusu River Valley since 150 ka BP

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2002年第1期12卷 65-71页

作者： YAO Chun-xia1,2, LI Bao-sheng1,2, JIN He-ling3, David Dian Zhang4, YAN Man-cun5, ZHU Yi-zhi2, LI Hou-xin1, ZHANG Yu-hong1, Luo Kai-li1 (1. dept. of geography, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China 2. State Key Laboratory of Loess CAS State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quarternary Geology Institute of Earth Environment Xi’an China (GRID:grid.9227.e) (ISNI:***) South China Normal University Dept. of Geography Guangzhou China (GRID:grid.263785.d) (ISNI:***) CAS State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quarternary Geology Institute of Earth Environment Xi’an China (GRID:grid.9227.e) (ISNI:***) CAS Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute Lanzhou China (GRID:grid.9227.e) (ISNI:***) Hong Kong University Dept. of Geography and Geology China (GRID:grid.194645.b) (ISNI:***) Tsinghua University Dept. of Hydraulic Engineering Beijing China (GRID:grid.12527.33) (ISNI:***) South China Normal University Dept. of Geography Guangzhou China (GRID:grid.263785.d) (ISNI:***)

The paper makes some analyses on 11 trace elements in the Milanggouwan stratigraphical section in the Salawusu River valley, which is regarded as a prototype geology-palaeoclimate record since 150 ka BP. The results show that the content and variation of trace elements has experienced remarkably regular changes in the pace with coarse and fine sedimentary cycles of palaeo-aeolian sands to its overlying fluvio-lacustrine facies or/and palaeosols. The trace elements with chemical properties of relatively active (V, Sr, Cu, Ni, As) and relatively stable (P, Pb, Rb, Mn, Nb, Zr) are a manifestation of the corresponding 27 changeable cycles between peak and valley values, appearing a multi-fiuctuational process line of relative gathering and migration since then. The low numerical value distribution of these two types of trace elements in the aeolian sand facies represents erosion and accumulation under wind force during the cold-dry climate. Whereas their enrichments in both fluvio-lacustrine facies and palaeosols are related to the valley’s special low-lying physiognomic position between the Ordos Plateau and the Loess Plateau under the warm and humid climate conditions. The above relatively migrated and gathered change of the trace elements is the result of 27 climatic cycles of cold-dry and warm-humid, which is probably caused by repeated alternations of winter monsoon and summer monsoon in the Mu Us Sandy Land influenced by the climate vicissitudes in northern hemisphere during glacial and interglacial periods since 150 ka BP.

关键词： Salawusu River valley Milanggouwan section cycle trace elements 150 ka BP palaeoclimate

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Holocene soils and relict paleosols, southern coast ranges,California, USA

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Chinese Science Bulletin 1999年第S1期44卷 15-19页

作者： W.D.NETTLETON B.R.BRASHER E.C.BENHAM O.A.CHADWICK USDA-NRCS NSSC SSL Lincoln NE 68508 and Dept. of Geography U. C. Santa Barbara CA

Thirty-nine soils were studied on Holocene and late Pleistocene geomorphic ***, sandstone, and alluvium derived from these rocks are the parent materials. Climateis Mediterranean. Chamise （Adenostoma faciculatum） is on the drier sites and redwood （Sequoiasempervirens） on the moister sites. Our objectives are twofold, （1） Find if today’s two-season wet-dry, subhumid climate explains the general noncalcic nature of the soils, or if not （2） accept thattheir noncalcic nature results from more moist past climates and define some indicator soilproperties. The depth to carbonate in the soils formed in calcareous materials on Holocenesurfaces corresponds roughly to the average annual depth of water movement, not to the predictedwettest years. We accept then, that the relict paleosols formed under one or more pluvial cyclesbecause they are free of carbonate below their B horizons. Defined levels of pedon clayaccumulation, dithionite-citrate extractable Fe （Fed） accumulation in the B horizons, cationexchange capacity at pH 7 （CEC7） to clay ratios, and the minimum base saturation at pH 7 （BS7） inthe pedons are useful properties for separating these relict paleosols from the Holocene age soils.A further evidence of the relict nature of the soils on the Pleistocene surfaces is the weatheringreversal noted in these previously weathered materials.

关键词： geomorphic surfaces weathering paleoclimates leaching

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A COMPARISON OF EASTERN AND WESTERN HONG KONG PHYTOPLANKTON FROM WEEKLY SAMPLES (1997-1999)

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Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2002年第1期20卷 52-61页

作者： Mike Dickman 唐森铭 Jessie Lai 221 South 12th Ave. Bozeman Montana 59715 USA Institute of geography and Limnology Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing 210008 China Ecology and Biodiversity dept. The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Rd. Hong Kong

Weekly phytoplankton samples were taken from western Hong Kong (Lamma) from Jan. 1997 to Dec. 1999 and from Port Shelter in Eastern Hong Kong from January 1998 to December 1999. During that time diatom blooms occurred repeatedly at both sites but never in synchrony. One species would bloom at one site and then weeks later it or another species would bloom at the other site; while the 1998 red tide of the mucus producing dinoflagellate Gymnodinium mikimotoi occurred at both sites. It first occurred at the Port Shelter site in March and did not appear at the Lamma site until April. With the single exception of this species, no other dinoflagellate reached bloom concentrations at the Lamma site. In addition, dinoflagellate abundance at the Lamma site was significantly lower (P <0.05) than that at the Port Shelter site. This was correlated with a significantly higher turbidity (i.e. low Secchi transparency) and higher turbulence (stronger currents) at the Lamma site. Annual variation in surface temperature correlated with total surface phytoplankton abundance at both our sample sites. Phytoplankton abundance increased in spring as water temperatures warmed. In fall, as surface water temperatures began to decline and the monsoon rains became less frequent there was a reduction in phytoplankton abundance associated with the reduction in temperature and light. Because so many variables co-occur with temperature (e.g. the amount of rainfall, light intensity and light duration etc.) it is not possible to cite temperature as the causal factor associated weth controlling phytoplankton abundance at our two sample sites. Our data support the rather controversial notion that percentage-wise, there are relatively more harmful bloom forming species in nutrient-rich coastal waters than there are in the world’s oceans. 16% of the dinoflagellate species and 10.3% of the diatom species observed at our two sample sites were classed as harmful. These percentages were higher than those ci

关键词： red tides phytoplankton periodicity South China Sea harmful algal blooms

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IMPORTANCE OF HYDROLOGY, SOIL AND VEGETATIONIN WETLAND RESEARCH

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湿地科学 2003年第2期1卷 128-135页

作者： Elizabeth J.Johnson Peter L.M.Veneman XING Baos-han dept. of Plant and Soil Science Univ. of Massachusetts Amherst MA 01003 USADept. of Plant and Soil Science Univ. of Massachusetts Amherst MA 01003 USANortheast Institute of Geography and Agro-ecology CASHarbin 150040P R China dept. of Plant and Soil Science Univ. of Massachusetts Amherst MA01003USA

Wetlands, one of the most productive systems in the biosphere are a unique ecosystem. They occur in landscapes that favor the ponding or slow runoff of surface water, discharge of ground water, or both. Wetlands are not only important for maintaining plant and animal diversity, but also for balancing global carbon budget via sequestrating or releasing CO2 from/into atmosphere depending on their management. Therefore, it is imperative to understand how wetlands form and function, then we can better manage, utilize, and protect these unique ecosystems. Hydrie soils,hydrophytic vegetation, and wetland hydrology are the three main parameters of wetlands. These parameters are interrelated with each other which jointly influence the development and functions of wetland ecosystems. The objective of this paper was to report the current understanding of wetlands and provide future research directions. The paper will first focus on aspects of hydrology research in wetlands, and then shift to soil hydrosequence and wetland vegetation to better understand processes, structure, and function of wetlands, and conclude with some possible future research directions.

关键词： hydric soils vegetation hydrology wetlands future research

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