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Investigation of N Deficiency in Cherry Trees Using Visible and Near-Infrared Spectra Part of the Spectrum in Field Condition

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光谱学与光谱分析 2017年第1期37卷 293-298页

作者： Levent Basayigit Mert Dedeoglu Hüseyin Akgül Kadir Ucgun Mesut Altindal Suleyman Demirel Univ. Fac. of. Agrie. Dept. of Soil Soil Sei. and Plant Nutr. Isparta Turkey Selcuk Univ. Fac. of. Agric. Dept. of Soil Soil Sci. and Plant Nutr. Konya Turkey Institute of Egirdir Horticultural Research Isparta Turkey

This objective of the study was to develop a model for the determination of N deficiency in cherry trees using a combination of visible near infrared methods and spectro-radiometric *** our experimental design,cherry seedlings were grown under various N deficiency conditions in nutrient-controlled *** reflectance values of plant leaves were measured using a *** leaves samples were simultaneously *** nutrient contents were determined in the ***,we performed a statistical comparison of the reflectance *** analysis results established the significant ***,we received accurate regression models for predicting N deficiency in cherry leaves that were grown in nutrient ***,we verified the model validity by measuring the reflectance of the leaves collected from cherry orchards at various locations using a *** deficiencies were calculated using the developed model,and then,the predicted and measured data were compared to evaluate model *** these results,we determined the wavelengths that yielded the most accurate results for N prediction,selected from the blue and green regions of the *** established that for N prediction in cherry trees,the simplest model can be created using 560and 570nm ***,the evaluated model can be applicable only under certain *** concluded that in order to develop aprediction method with sufficient application capacity,as well as the ability to assess nutritional and physiological characteristics,the ecology condition of the plant should be properly considered based on the model.

关键词： Cherry Handheld field spectroradiometer Hyperspectral sensing N deficiency Reflectance

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Experimental validation of double-fed induction generator in oscillating water column using circulatory system-based optimization

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CLEAN ENERGY 2024年第2期8卷 127-143页

作者： Elnaghi, Basem E. Ismaiel, Ahmed M. Abdel-Kader, Fathy El Sayed Mohammed, Reham H. Abelwhab, M. N. Suez Canal Univ Elect Power & Machine Dept Ismailia Egypt Menoufia Univ Fac Engn Elect Machine & Power Dept Menoufia Egypt Suez Canal Univ Comp & Control Dept Ismailia Egypt

This paper validates the optimal operation for a grid-connected double-fed induction generator (DFIG) in an oscillating water column power plant (OWCPP). This study presents a novel optimization technique called the circulatory system-based optimization (CSBO) approach to develop six adaptive fuzzy logic controllers (AFLCs) with 30 parameters and compare them to chaotic-billiards optimization (C-BO) and genetic algorithm (GA). The proposed controller is also compared with a proportional-integral differential (PID) controller based on a self-adaptive global-best harmony search (SGHS). CSBO-based AFLCs are fully investigated under different scenarios and experimented with using a real-time interface DSP1104. The results of using CSBO-AFLCs revealed a fast time response, fast convergence, less overshoot and minimal error compared with those achieved with C-BO-AFLC, SGHS-PID and GA-AFLC during different case studies. The CSBO-based AFLCs ensure maximum power from the DFIG in an OWCPP and enhance dynamic response with very low errors. The results show that the CSBO shows better power tracking by 25% as compared with C-BO, by 45% when compared with the GA and by 56% when compared with PID. Moreover, the integral absolute errors of six controllers are investigated to demonstrate the feasibility of CSBO-AFLC. The root mean square of the errors of six controllers using CSBO is improved by 68.27% when compared with GA, by 22.57% when compared with C-BO and by 38.42% when compared with PID. These indicators demonstrate the feasibility of CSBO when compared with other algorithms with the same OWCPP. This paper validates the optimal operation of a grid-connected double-fed induction generator in an oscillating water column using a novel optimization technique called the circulatory system-based optimization approach. Experiments using a real-time simulator demonstrate the feasibility of the approach when compared with other algorithms. Graphical Abstract

关键词： circulatory system-based optimization approach adaptive fuzzy logic controller grid-tied oscillating water column power plant maximum power point tracking WAVE ENERGY-CONVERSION DESIGN OPTIMIZATION ALGORITHM CONTROLLER TURBINE

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plant Vascular Biology and Agriculture

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Journal of Integrative plant Biology 2010年第1期52卷 4-7页

作者： William J. Lucas The Editor of this Special Issue dept. of plant Biology College of Biological Sciences University of California Davis

The evolution of animal and plant vascular systems played a pivotal role in the advancement from simple to complex organisms, through the provision of a delivery system for the distribution of components essential for both metabolism and growth. Interestingly, although these two vascular systems conform to the same general rules of fluid dynamics （Murray 1926; McCulloh et al. 2003）, the developmental mechanisms adopted by plants and animals, to generate these long-distance transport systems,

关键词： plant Vascular Biology and Agriculture

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AN OBSERVATION STUDY ON BIOLOGICAL CHARACTERS AND MATING BEHAVIOR OF DAHURIAN CASEBEARER(COLEOPHORA DAHURICA FLKV.)ADULTS

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Journal of Northeast Forestry University 1993年第2期4卷 82-86页

作者： Dai Huaguo Song Xiaoling Nanjing Agricultural University Li Jianlong Northeast Forestry University dept. of plant protection Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing China Northeast Forestry University China

Through rearing tests and observations under laboratory conditions, biological characters and mating behavior of Dahurian casebearer (Coleophora dahurica Flkv.) adults were studied in this paper. Results discovered that the time of emergense of male adults was 24h to 36h earlier than that of female adults. The peak of sex pheromone secretion of the female adults appeared of 24h to 42h after the emergence. The reaction of male adults on the sex pheromone was most sensitive during 30h to 48h after emerged, so the earlier emergence of the male adults was favorable to mating. The phenomenon of repeated mating did not exist in female adults, but the male adults could mate for several times, with maximum of 4 times. There was a definite behavioral reaction during the mating period of male and female adults, and the certain period of feeding and mating times could affect the adults longervity to a certain degree.

关键词： Dahurian casebearer Adults Biological characters Mating behavior

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Vegetation-environment relationships in the forests of Chitral district Hindukush range of Pakistan

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Journal of Forestry Research 2013年第2期24卷 205-216页

作者： Nasrullah Khan Syed Shahid Shaukat Moinuddin Ahmed Muhammad Faheem Siddiqui Department of Botany University of Malakand dept. of Botany University of Karachi Laboratory of Dendrochronology and plant Ecology Department of Botany Federal Urdu University of Arts Science and Technology

We investigated the composition of plant communities to quantify their relationships with environmental parameters in the Chitral Hindukush range of Pakistan. We sampled tree vegetation using the Point Centered Quarter （PCQ） method while understory vegetation was sampled in 1.5-m circular quadrats. Cedrus deodara is the national symbol of Pakistan and was dominant in the sampled communities. Because environmental variables determine vegetation types, we analyzed and evaluated edaphic and topographic factors. DCA-Ordination showed the major gradient as an amalgam of elevation （p〈0.05） and slope （p〈0.01） as the topographic factors correlated with species distribution. Soil variables were the factors of environmental significance along DCA axes. However, among these factors, Mg2＋ , K ＋ and N2＋ contributed not more than 0.054% 0.20% and 0.073%, respectively, to variation along the first ordination axis. We conclude that the principal reason for weak or no correlation with many edaphic variables was the anthropogenic disturbance of vegetation. The understory vegetation was composed of perennial herbs in most communities and was most dense under the tree canopy. The understory vegetation strongly regulates tree seedling growth and regeneration patterns. We recommend further study of the understory vegetation using permanent plots to aid development of forest regeneration strategies.

关键词： environmental relationship multivariate analysis cluster analysis ordination anthropogenic factors forest, Hindukush range

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Energy model based on solar potential and the production of electrical energy through living plants' photosynthesis

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CLEAN ENERGY 2024年第3期8卷 116-126页

作者： Martinez, Raymond Daniel Rodriguez Univ Metropolitana Fac Engn Dept Ind Prod Caracas 1073 Venezuela

Developing a sustainable energy model is imperative considering the current trend towards decarbonizing sectors worldwide. For this purpose, Venezuela was used as a reference to propose an energy model focused on taking advantage of plant photosynthesis through microbial-vegetable fuel cells together with an agro-photovoltaic system to enhance energy and agricultural production. Energy production from the cells was estimated using an average power density of 264 mW/m(2) over 4% of the areas destined for crops in the entire Venezuelan region, obtaining an annual production of 19.889 GWh/year. In contrast, the energy production of the agro-photovoltaic system was modelled using PVsyst software on 50% of the area used for the cells distributed throughout the states of Anzo & aacute;tegui, Gu & aacute;rico, Monagas and Portuguesa according to their meteorological conditions, solar irradiation and agricultural activity, resulting in 3 703 417 GWh/year. The resulting whole system proved to be able to cover >10 times the installed electricity generation capacity at a national level and, together with the tremendous scalability of the microbial fuel cells, it shows that Venezuela has a high potential for the production and distribution of clean energy. [GRAPHICS]

关键词： ecosystems microbial fuel cell microorganisms renewable sustainability RESOURCES

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IMPORTANCE OF HYDROLOGY, SOIL AND VEGETATIONIN WETLAND RESEARCH

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湿地科学 2003年第2期1卷 128-135页

作者： Elizabeth J.Johnson Peter L.M.Veneman XING Baos-han dept. of plant and Soil Science Univ. of Massachusetts Amherst MA 01003 USADept. of Plant and Soil Science Univ. of Massachusetts Amherst MA 01003 USANortheast Institute of Geography and Agro-ecology CASHarbin 150040P R China dept. of plant and Soil Science Univ. of Massachusetts Amherst MA01003USA

Wetlands, one of the most productive systems in the biosphere are a unique ecosystem. They occur in landscapes that favor the ponding or slow runoff of surface water, discharge of ground water, or both. Wetlands are not only important for maintaining plant and animal diversity, but also for balancing global carbon budget via sequestrating or releasing CO2 from/into atmosphere depending on their management. Therefore, it is imperative to understand how wetlands form and function, then we can better manage, utilize, and protect these unique ecosystems. Hydrie soils,hydrophytic vegetation, and wetland hydrology are the three main parameters of wetlands. These parameters are interrelated with each other which jointly influence the development and functions of wetland ecosystems. The objective of this paper was to report the current understanding of wetlands and provide future research directions. The paper will first focus on aspects of hydrology research in wetlands, and then shift to soil hydrosequence and wetland vegetation to better understand processes, structure, and function of wetlands, and conclude with some possible future research directions.

关键词： hydric soils vegetation hydrology wetlands future research

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抗虫转基因欧洲黑杨的培育

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生物工程学报 1993年第4期9卷 291-297页

作者：田颖川李太元莽克强韩一凡李玲王学聘卢孟柱戴连韵韩一侬严静君 W.Gaberiel 中国科学院微生物研究所中国林业科学院林业研究所 dept. of plant pathoigy University of Florida Gainesville

用带有35S-Ω-Bt-NOS嵌合基因的双元载体的农杆菌LBA 4404转化欧洲黑杨的叶片外植体,共获得54株转化再生植株。用这些再生植株对杨尺蠖(Apochimia cinerarius)进行毒力测定,昆虫校正死亡率在80—96%的再生植株占总测定植株的15%。部分... 详细信息

用带有35S-Ω-Bt-NOS嵌合基因的双元载体的农杆菌LBA 4404转化欧洲黑杨的叶片外植体,共获得54株转化再生植株。用这些再生植株对杨尺蠖(Apochimia cinerarius)进行毒力测定,昆虫校正死亡率在80—96%的再生植株占总测定植株的15%。部分再生植株对舞毒娥进行测定,表明在5—9天内校正死亡率高达100%,存活昆虫的生长和发育也明显地受到抑制。根据苗木在苗圃中高生长和昆虫校正死亡率采用重心聚类法进行分析,初步选出高生长良好和杀虫率居中的3株再生值株。以选出的植株为主进行了PCR及PCR产物的Southern blot和再生植株DNA Southern blot测定,结果证明Bt基因已插入到这些植株的DNA上,并表达出苏云金杆菌杀虫蛋白的杀虫活性。

关键词：杨树 Bt基因抗虫

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Extraction and Characterization of Humic Acids and Humin Fractions from a Black Soil of China

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Pedosphere 2005年第1期15卷 1-8页

作者： XING Bao-Shan, LIU Ju-Dong, LIU Xiao-Bing and HAN Xiao-ZengNortheast Institute of Geography and Agro-ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin 150040 (China). Department of plant, Soil and Insect Sciences, University of Massachusetts, MA 01003 (USA) NE Inst. of Geogr. and Agro-Ecology Chinese Academy of Sciences Harbin 150040 China dept. of plant Soil and Insect Sci. University of Massachusetts MA 01003 United States

Twenty-three progressive extractions were performed to study individual humic acids (HAs) and humin fractions from a typical black soil (Mollisol) in Heilongjiang Province, China using elemental analysis and spectroscopic techniques. After 23 HA extractions the residue was separated into high and low organic carbon humin fractions. HA yield was the highest for the first extraction and then gradually decreased with further extractions. Organic carbon (OC) of the humin fractions accounted for 58% of total OC even after 23 successive HA extractions. In addition, the atomic C/H ratio decreased during the course of extraction while C/O increased; the E4/E6 ratio from the UV analysis decreased with further extraction while E2/E3 increased; the band assigned to aliphatic carbon (2930 cm-1) in the diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS) spectra gradually increased with progressive extraction; the calculated ratio of the sum of aromatic carbon peak heights to that of aliphatic carbon

关键词： elemental composition humic acid humin soil organic matter spectroscopic analysis

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Study and Application of Mold Filling Simulation of Shaped Castings

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 1997年第2期13卷 107-112页

作者： Baicheng LIU Wei QIU Houfa SHEN Zhiqiang GAO (dept. of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University Beijing 100084, China) dept. of Mechanical Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China

In this paper, an algorithm for simulating fluid flow and heat transfer for mold filling of shaped castings is presented. The main features of the algorithm include: 1) a simple but practical technique based on VOF method to determine free surface, 2) an explicit scheme of enthalpy to solve the energy equation more efficiently, and 3) an effective treatment to modify the flux deviation due to pressure iteration. In order to verify these methods, well controlled experiments have been repeatedly done with both water analog and gray iron pouring experiments to record the flow patterns and temperature variations. The calculated results are in accordance with the experimental ones. For the applications, the simulated initial temperature distribution right after mold filling was used to analyse subsequent solidification and to predict shrinkage defects. Actual castings were poured and tested in a foundry plant. The reuslts show that the defects predication with considering fluid flow effects is more precise than that without considering the effects.

关键词： Simulation Study and Application of Mold Filling Simulation of Shaped Castings Mold

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